The globes of 1955 were all handmade, how beautiful were the globes at that time?

The globe is our first step to understanding the earth, it can clearly let me know the distribution of the seven continents and the four oceans, and let us understand the interrelationship of each region. The globe is an earth model made by imitating the shape of the earth and shrinking according to a certain scale, and was first made by the German navigator and geographer Martin Beheim in 1492.

It is not only a necessary tool for learning the ground, but also the starting point for every child to know and explore the world, so that children can have a wealth of knowledge reserves, know astronomy and geography, and can say that the head is the way, and the globe can allow parents and children to communicate together and increase the time spent with each other.

With the development of the times, the globe is more exquisite and perfect, not only a learning tool, but also a home decoration, and the production materials are also diversified, such as the most common plastic, as well as a globe made of resin materials and stone materials, and a magnetic levitation globe and an electronic reading speech globe; Nowadays, the high-tech globe can not only see the geographical location of each region, but also use the reading pen for voice broadcasting, and the traditional boring search and viewing has become the current sound map, and you can also learn about the history, politics, language, culture, customs and habits of each region.

In 1955, Western countries used handmade globes when making globes, which were made by hand inside, and the inside was a wooden round sphere, which was fixed and then pasted with red cloth strips, and then piled up layers of pulp and plaster, this step was the core technology, and then the color printed map was cut into strips after completion, and then pieced together to the surface of the sphere little by little, to ensure that the voucher was pasted and there were no gaps, and then brushed with a layer of varnish protection. Due to the rotation of the earth and the tilt around the sun, the globe is fixed at an angle of about 23 ° 26 when it is installed, and it is intensively cultivated and of excellent quality, and its use time is very long, which can reach 100 years.

The globes in 1955 were all handmade, and it can be said that the scene was very shocking, and the globes at that time actually contained not only knowledge about geography, but also a lot of manpower and the efforts of the workers, which can be said to be very exquisite, and people can't put it down. <>

At that time, the globe was made by the workers themselves, whether it was for the rendering of the sphere and painting, drawing the earth pattern, in fact, it was every worker stroke by stroke, a little bit of careful carving, which was definitely very difficult, and a huge project, it can be said that each step was taken over by different workers, a bit similar to the contemporary assembly line project, but because the pressure of the workers and the number of orders at that time were not so much, So it takes a lot of time for them to make a globe, so they are very careful to carve every detail, and each globe has been poured into the efforts of the workers at that time, it can be said that this effort itself is already very beautiful, and they are really attentive to the globe in their hands. <>

And the materials of this globe are very exquisite, in fact, whether it is the paint for the globe sphere in the early stage, or the pigment they use, it is very good-looking, unlike many globes now The color is very casual, just close to the color can be used, the globe at that time was also very careful in the choice of drinks, and the pattern color will be baked later, and waxing, it can be said that all the elements are used very carefully raw materials. And it really looks good with the colors of the earth. And the whole process is handmade, whether it is the connection and dedication of the globe are carefully smeared with paint, every little detail is not missed, it can be said that the degree of fineness of this globe is very high.

In fact, handmade was a major feature at that time, and it was also because there was no streamlined industrial line at that time, but it also brought you a lot of classic and good-looking globes. It was also a feature of the culture of the time.

It's very exquisite, and the globe at that time was made by hand, and many of the details are very fine, so it looks very delicate and perfect.

At that time, the globes were particularly exquisite, they were all handmade at that time, and the materials used were also very scarce.

It is also quite exquisite, so it is also more expensive, and the accuracy of the globe is also quite high, and the cost is also very high.

Pick up a ping pong ball, draw the necessary meridians and latitudes, and mark the names or degrees, such as: equator, Tropic of Capricorn, Tropic of Cancer, Antarctic Circle, Arctic Circle; Prime meridian, 45°E, 90°E, 135°E, 45°W, 90°W, 135°W, 180°. Note that you need to use two colored pencils of different colors to draw the line, such as:

Use a red pen to draw a circle in the middle of the ping pong ball, as the equator.

Pierce holes at the poles: Use a compass to make holes at the poles of the table tennis ball, taking care to ensure that the distance from the holes to the points of the equator is equal.

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To make a bracket: fold the wire into the shape of a globe bracket, that is, bend it into a semicircular shape and an inclined straight line; The sloping wire should be angled to the perpendicular line, and the angle should be slightly larger than that of a ping pong ball.

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Thread the ball into the bracket: Thread the table tennis ball with an inclined wire, and wrap it in tape several times at both ends of the inclined wire, so that the table tennis ball can be fixed in the middle of the inclined wire, and at the same time can rotate freely.

So a ping-pong ball globe is done.

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Making a handmade globe is a fun and enlightening activity that not only enhances our crafting skills, but also deepens our understanding of geography. Here are some common handmade globe making methods and materials::

1.Balloon globe.

1).Material:

A small balloon.

A map of the world.

Scissors. Glue.

A pen. 2).Steps:

Blow the small balloon big first and tie it to the base.

Use scissors to crop the map to fit the size and glue it to the balloon.

Information such as latitude and longitude and the name of the country are marked on the globe.

2.Cardboard globes.

1).Material:

A large round cardboard.

World map or globe labels.

Scissors. Glue.

A pen. 2).Steps:

Crop the map or label to the same size as cardboard.

Glue the map or label to the cardboard.

Information such as latitude and longitude lines and country names are marked on the cardboard.

3.Origami globe.

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1).Material:

A square piece of paper.

World map or globe labels.

Scissors. Glue.

2).Steps:

Fold the square pieces of paper into 16 small squares.

Fold each small square into a triangle and paste it onto a 3D map.

Information such as latitude and longitude and the name of the country are marked on the globe.

The above are some common handmade globe making methods and materials. Through these methods, we can make different types and styles of globes that allow us to better understand the world and explore the realm of the unknown.

"History of the Yuan", Volume 48, Zhi 1, page 0999, has the following record: Kulai Yi's son, Han Yan Geographical Chronicles. Its system is made of wood as a round beam, seven points of water, its color is green, three points of land, and its color is white. Rivers, lakes and seas are painted, and the veins run through them.

The painting is a small square well, in order to measure the vastness of the circle and the distance of the road. Who invented the globe? The Greeks may have made globes and astronomical instruments, but unfortunately they are nowhere to be found today.

Charlemagne even owned a silver globe. But the veritable globe was invented by the Greek astronomer, geographer, mathematician Ptolemy, who divided the world into 160 pieces. Ptolemy's work was not complete, as he estimated the circumference of the equator to be 32,000 kilometers.

But the importance of this work lies in the fact that later maps were based on Ptolemaic maps, a tradition that continued until the 14th century. By the Middle Ages, Ptolemy's masterpieces had been almost forgotten. Resources.

The globe was pioneered by Mercator in the Netherlands in the 40s of the 16th century.

Mercator was the greatest Dutch cartographer of the 16th century. He pioneered the positive axis equiangular cylindrical projection, which was later named Mercator. We know that the century was the Age of Discovery, and some of the seafaring explorers of that time used flat charts.

This kind of map uses a simple grid of squares to form a graticule, so the error is large during long-distance and high-latitude voyages. Seafaring explorers of the time were extremely reluctant to use flat charts. To solve this dilemma, charters tried to replace nautical charts with nautical globes.

It was in this context that Mercator's nautical globe was born. He improved on the traditional globe and for the first time carved the spiral curves (conformal routes) of meridians, parallel circles, and Nunetz. That is, on Mercator's globe not only warp and weft lines, but also equiangular routes.

On this globe, the equiangular course between the two adjacent meridians gradually shortens with increasing latitude, and the scale of length increases as latitude increases. In this way, the principle of Mercator projection was initially formed. Based on this principle, in 1569 Mercator made the famous nautical chart, the World Map.

The user only needs to connect a straight line between the starting point and the end point on the diagram, and measure the angle between the straight line and the meridian line, and keep this angle when sailing to reach the end point. To this day, Mercator projection still has important application value in navigation and aviation. It can be said that Mercator produced globes and nautical charts that reached the highest level in the world at that time.

The world's first globe was invented by the German navigator and geographer Beheim in 1492 and is still preserved in the Nuremberg Museum. In 1480, when Beheim (1459-1507) first visited Portugal as a Flemish merchant, he claimed to be a pupil of the Nuremberg astronomer Miller, so he became a seafaring advisor to John II. At that time, voyagers used astrolabes to determine the altitude of the sun, moon, and stars to calculate time and latitude.

The use of brass instead of a wooden astrolabe may have been initiated by him. He may have sailed with D. Cow to the west coast of Africa (1485-1486). After returning to Nuremberg in 1490, with the assistance of the painter Grokendon, he began to paint the globe he had designed, which was completed in 1492.

His drawings of the world's topography were both inaccurate and outdated, and on this globe, the Indian Ocean was an ocean that expanded east-west, especially off the west coast of Africa, with a staggering number of errors. Interestingly, however, the globe he drew on the eve of the discovery of North America provided some useful ideas about geography for the people of the time.

The maker of the first globe was Martin Behaim, 1459 1507, German geographer, navigator.

To make a globe, you need to use tools such as ping pong balls, fine wires, log chips, and pins. The whole production process is a four-step process:

Draw a map of the world's key cavity on the surface of a full ping pong ball.

At both ends and a quarter of the thin iron sheet, drill a small hole and bend it into an arc as a globe support.

Cut a piece of the ball with a diameter of 20 mm on half a ping-pong ball and glue it to a piece of log. Polishing a 4 mm diameter wooden strip with sandpaper one end into a smooth log strip with a diameter of 3 mm, and gluing it to the center of the sphere with glue Kai Zheng water as a bottom pad.

Attach the bracket to the base with a pin. The thin steel wire is threaded through the center of the north and south poles and fixed at both ends of the bracket so that the globe can rotate freely around the axis.