Pruning and fertilizing of fruit trees, pest and disease control

Fruit tree diseases and insect pests are more concentrated in the wintering sites of the dormant period and the early spring period, and the insect age is the same, which is convenient for concentrated annihilation, and it is the weakest period of the year, which is convenient for complete elimination. The deciduous fruit trees are all defoliated, with strong pesticide resistance, easy to spray evenly and thoughtfully, which is both pesticide saving and good. Therefore, taking advantage of the favorable opportunities in winter and early spring, combined with cultivation measures, to prevent and eliminate pests and diseases has the best effect.

The main measures are:

1. Ploughing, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, and renovating drainage and irrigation facilities. The depth of ploughing should not be shallower than 60 cm, which can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, promote the growth and development of fruit trees, and enhance the ability to resist diseases and insects. The pests that overwinter in the soil are turned over to the surface to freeze to death or sunburned, some are eaten by birds and natural enemies, and some are crushed to death by tillage tools, and the weeds, fallen leaves, and diseased fruits with diseases and insects on the soil surface can be turned into the depths of the soil layer, which not only increases the source of fertilizer, but also reduces the source of pest and disease breeding.

In winter, the orchard should be ploughed with more well-rotted organic fertilizer, which is conducive to improving the soil, promoting root development, and improving disease prevention and insect resistance. At the same time, winter ploughing combined with the renovation of the orchard's drainage and irrigation facilities, drought can irrigate, waterlogging can drain, is conducive to the growth of fruit trees, resistant to diseases and insects, and bear fruit.

2. Prune, scrape and white. Reasonable pruning can make the orchard ventilated and light, the tree body is reasonably burdened, prevent large and small years, and enhance the ability to resist diseases and insects. When pruning, cut off the buds, branches, tips, etc., burn and bury them deeply, and apply Bordeaux solution to protect the pruning wounds to reduce the invasion of germs and the hiding place for pest and disease prevention.

In winter, scraping off the warped bark, rough bark and diseased skin spots of the branches and stems, and burning them in a concentrated manner, has a better control effect on eliminating the red spiders, heart-eating insects, star caterpillars, armyworms, etc., as well as trunk diseases such as dry rot, rot disease, and ring pattern disease. After scraping the skin, the stem should be evenly and carefully whitened.

3. Pharmaceutical prevention and control. In the late dormant stage of fruit trees, spray the tree body with purple oil emulsion with oil content of 4 once, and then spray 5 Baumé stone sulfur mixture once after about 15 days, which can significantly reduce the occurrence base of fruit tree diseases and insects. For dry borer pests such as longhorn beetle, dilute the contact agent pesticide into 50 times liquid and pour it into the cavity.

In early spring, the temperature gradually rises, the fruit trees gradually release dormancy, and all kinds of diseases and insects begin to infect and sting for the first time.

The secret of fertilization and pest control is to follow the objective law, based on the growth habits of fruit trees, and adopt scientific and reasonable methods to implement management techniques.

Proper fertilization. In the process of fruit tree cultivation, it is necessary to strengthen technical management, especially in the process of fertilization, and pay attention to the quality of fertilization, so as to effectively promote the growth of fruit trees and improve the fruit setting rate. Investigate the actual situation of the orchard in advance, take effective measures to manage the fruit trees, and improve the management level.

Generally, after fruit tree cultivation, the growth environment is stable, but the nutrients in the soil may not be very sufficient, which will affect the normal development of fruit trees and directly affect the quality of fruits. Therefore, in the actual cultivation management, it is necessary to control the amount of fertilizer and the appropriate amount of fertilization to ensure the healthy growth of fruit trees, improve the adaptability of fruit trees to the environment, and improve the stress resistance of fruit trees. If the quality of the fertilizer is not reasonable or excessive during fertilization, it will have a serious adverse effect on the fruit tree.

In addition, the use of certain fertilizers may contaminate fruit trees. Chemicals in fertilizers can cause ripe fruits to be too high in heavy metals, which can reduce fruit quality. If too much nitrogen is applied, more inorganic substances that are toxic to ripe fruits will be formed in the soil, so in order to avoid chemical fertilizers leaving harmful substances in ripe fruits and affecting people's health, choosing organic fertilizer fertilization can not only improve fertilization efficiency, but also be safe.

Organic fertilizer has little pollution and can effectively improve soil structure.

2. Scientific prevention and control of pests and diseases.

To improve the management level of fruit tree cultivation technology, it is also necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases, effectively prevent and control pests and diseases, and take measures to prevent and control pests and diseases. In the process of pest control, the main methods are:

The first is biological control, which is mainly to cultivate possible natural enemies of pests in orchards to reduce the number of pests and harm to fruit trees;

The second is the physical control method. This method is mainly to install a black light in the orchard, which can effectively eliminate pests such as moths, or to use low temperature freezing in the wintering area to get rid of pests, or to spray insect repellent on tree trunks. reduce the frequency of fruit tree pests and diseases;

Finally, chemical control methods have obvious control effects on pests and diseases. However, in the actual pesticide spraying process, effective pesticides with low residues should be selected in strict accordance with the requirements and used in conjunction with green pesticides to reduce pesticide residues. Improve the efficiency of the use of chemical pesticides and reduce the residue of harmful pesticides on fruits.

In the spring, you should spray some pesticides on the fruit trees, and when you bloom, you should also water more water and turn the soil frequently, and you should also water pesticides on the roots of the fruit trees, remove some weeds, and prune off some of the leaves of the insects in time to control pests and diseases.

The best secret is that you can use insecticides, you can use prepared insecticides, you can use insecticides, you can use insect repellents, you can use pesticides, you can use chemical fertilizers.

For pests and diseases, I think that in the process of fertilization, the first thing to do is to let the fertilizer into the soil, the way of fertilization should be right, and then before fertilization, we should clean up the surrounding weeds, and we need to pay attention to the season of fertilization, the most important point is that before and after fertilization, you should pay attention to the weather changes of the day, if it is a rainy day, try not to choose to fertilize before the rainy day.

First of all, it is necessary to prescribe the right medicine, and then when fertilizing, we must choose the right time, we must pay attention to the appropriate dose, and we should also replenish water resources in time, and we must pay attention to the ratio of water resources.

Summary. Pro, fruit tree pest control measures.

The first element of high yield and high quality of fruit trees is the healthy growth of seedlings, so it is necessary to strengthen pest control in the process of fruit tree cultivation.

Physical means of control.

The physical control methods are mainly as follows: using whitening agent to paint the trunk, using the phototaxis of pests to hang insecticidal lamps and yellow boards in the fruit forest to eliminate pests, clean up dead branches, diseased leaves and diseased fruits, remove the warped bark of the trunk, and reduce the parasitic places of pests and diseases. The above are the most basic physical control methods, which help to ensure the quality, safety and hygiene of fruits, and make the fruits meet the national pollution-free quality standards.

Fruit tree pruning and pest control.

Pro, fruit tree pest control measuresThe first element of high yield and high quality of fruit trees is the healthy growth of seedlings, so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and pests in the process of fruit tree cultivation. Physical control methodsPhysical control methods are mainly as follows: the use of whitening agent to paint the trunk, the use of pest phototaxis in the fruit forest to hang insecticidal lamps, yellow boards, etc. to eliminate the pests of Beiling, clean up dead branches, diseased leaves and diseased fruits, remove the trunk of the warped bark, reduce the parasitic places of pests and diseases.

The above is the most basic physical control method, which helps to ensure the quality, safety and hygiene of imitation Yuqi fruits, so that the fruits meet the national pollution-free quality standards.

In order to control fruit tree pests and diseases, different pesticides should be selected according to different types of pests and diseases to achieve the purpose of eliminating oak pests and diseases. However, we must adhere to the principle of low cost and no pollution, and use more plant-derived pesticides, insect growth lead regulators and biological pesticides to control pests and diseases, such as nuclear polysomic virus stimulation, Beauveria bassiana, biological bacilli, polyoxygenase, avermectin and other biological pesticides. This ensures that there is no pollution to the environment, no harm to natural enemies, and no impact on the yield and quality of the fruit.

Fruit bagging: Many fruit trees cannot completely avoid insect infestations and birds and beasts during the growth period. By using bagging technology to wrap the fruit in a bag, it can effectively reduce the harm of pests and diseases to the fruit, prevent external force from scratching the skin of the fruit, and prolong the shelf life of the fruit to a certain extent.

Fruit tree pruning: During the orchard pruning period, it is recommended that you first observe the condition of the fruit tree branches. For young trees born in the second year to the early stage of fruiting, the branches with a branch-to-stem ratio greater than 1 3 should be thinned, and the rest of the branches should be retained as much as possible, so as to facilitate the growth of the middle stem, scatter nutrients, and ease the power of the branches, so that they can become early flowers and bear fruit early.

In the peak fruiting stage, attention should be paid to strengthening the cultivation, maintenance and renewal of the fruiting branch group to maintain the growth potential of the fruiting branch group. It should be noted that the thickness of the side branches or fruiting branches of the small crown main branch should be controlled below 1 3 of the thickness of the main branch as much as possible, and the side branches that are too large in the front of the main branch should be thinned. When pruning the branch group, pay attention to the uniaxial straight extension, and the strong branch takes the lead.

The above is all my reply, I hope to help your relatives, I wish you a happy life.

1. If the rainfall is heavy in early autumn, some unbagged orchards are prone to rot disease, and after the onset of the disease, 600 times of the liquid 50% carbendazim plus 600 times of the liquid Plague Frost plus 1000 times of the liquid to help kill, spray once every 7 10 days.

2. In early autumn, pear orchards are prone to scab, prevention and control methods: spray 2000 times of Teprazole or 25% difenoconazole 8000 times every 7 10 days. Orchards that have not yet developed the disease should be sprayed with absorbent fungicides immediately after rain, such as 50% carbendazim 600 times liquid, 80% epidemic frost 600 times liquid, 70% methyl tobuzine 800 times liquid, Fuxing, etc.

3. Peach fruit is prone to scab and gum disease, and should be prevented by using cythycozone 800 times solution or 50% dysen zinc 500 times solution. 7 to 10 days before picking, spray phenoxycarb perchlorine to control pear heartworm and peach borer. After fruit picking, the leaves should be protected, and the perforation disease should be prevented with zinc ash solution, and the stinging moth and leaf roller moth should be sprayed with 1500 times of cypermethrin and 2000 times of Lesben for control.

What brand of water-soluble fertilizer do you use? Water-soluble fertilizers like the land are used to prevent the disease of this hollow fruit and deformed fruit in fruit trees.

1. Furrow fertilization, furrow fertilization is a fertilization method with a relatively large amount of engineering, which is more suitable for fruit trees in the early middle and early stages when the amount of fertilizer is large. A furrow is dug in the middle of the two rows of fruit trees, and then the fertilizer is filled in the middle, and the soil is covered after the most mountain is destroyed, so that the fruit trees can absorb the fertilizer after the root system develops. The furrow needs to be selected according to the depth of the root system of the fruit tree, generally about 50-100 cm, and the width can be controlled at 20-30 cm, which can basically meet the long-term fertilizer needs of fruit trees.

2. Fertilizer and water mixed fertilization, fertilizer and water mixed fertilization is actually very simple, mixed with compound fertilizer and water, and after it melts, it becomes fertilizer water, and then watering can be done, or covering irrigation can be used. It is more suitable for areas with fewer weeds or relatively arid, and it is better if the fruit trees are planted at a higher density. In order to avoid fertilizer shortage or fertilizer excess, this method can also be chosen during the later fruiting period, and long-term use can accumulate soil fertility to a certain extent.

However, the concentration should be well controlled, and try to avoid watering on the trunk and corroding the branches.

3. Fruit trees are fertilized in a circular circle, this method is mostly used for fruit trees that require a large amount of fertilizer, and the process is relatively simple, dig out a circle around the fruit tree, and then add fertilizer, and bury it after the disaster. When digging, it is recommended that growers dig shallowly, and it doesn't matter if the ring is higher than the flat ground, so as not to rot the roots of the fertilizer and affect the growth. The use of this fertilization method should relatively reduce the amount of watering water to avoid fertilizer water infiltration, resulting in excess nutrients for fruit trees.

The advantage is that the fertilizer utilization rate is extremely high.

4. Planting hole fertilizer, as the oldest traditional fertilization method, hole fertilizer is undoubtedly an extremely successful one, up to fruit trees, down to vegetables can be used. Its advantage is that the speed of fertilizer absorption by fruit trees is extremely high, and it is very easy to be absorbed by fruit trees, which belongs to the general type. It is common to place fertilizer directly at the bottom of the fixed value hole, and then separate it with soil to allow the natural development of the fruit tree roots to absorb it.

Nowadays, in addition to the multi-purpose method of one hole, it is also derived from the method of making fertilizer holes around the fruit tree and accumulating fertilizer for the growth and absorption of the fruit tree.