The origin of papermaking in English The origin process of papermaking

The first English language was parchment, and later, after the parchment was finely polished, parchment paper appeared.

I don't even know the English version of papermaking.

But I occasionally know that the movable type is printed in English.

(1) The origin of the paper:

In ancient times, our ancestors mainly relied on knotted ropes to keep records, but they gradually invented writing and began to use oracle bones as writing materials. Later, bamboo and wood chips (i.e., bamboo slips) and silk were discovered and used as writing materials. However, because silk was too expensive and bamboo and wood were too bulky, it led to the invention of paper.

According to research, the production of paper has begun in the Western Han Dynasty in China. Ancient civilizations used a variety of materials to write their writings. The ancient Babylonians carved cuneiform characters on clay tablets, the ancient Egyptians wrote on papyrus, the ancient Achitiks and Mayans wrote and painted on thick paper made of the bark of mulberry plants, the ancient Indians carved Buddhist scriptures with bay leaves (palm leaves), the ancient Near Easterners and the Middle Europeans wrote on the skins of wild animals, and the ancient Chinese oracle bone inscriptions were engraved on tortoise shells and animal bones, the Western Zhou inscriptions were engraved on bronze, the Qin and Han pottery inscriptions were engraved on pottery, and later there were carved stones, bamboo slips, wood chips, silk silk, etc. as the carrier of writing, but they each had their own shortcomings:

It's either too heavy, or too expensive to use in large quantities, and some of it can't be modified. That's why humans invented paper, and here is where paper comes from.

2) The main process of papermaking:

The raw materials used in papermaking are mainly plant fiber raw materials, which can be generally included as trees, grasses, waste paper, etc. There are also mineral fiber raw materials.

The papermaking process is broadly divided into two main steps:

The first step is pulping. If you use trees and grasses to make paper, you must first chop the trees and grass, then steam them in a large pot until they are rotten, and then release the steamed liquid (professionally called pulp) from the pot, and then make the pulp flow through special equipment and be ground more rotten by the fibers in the pulp. Next, the pulp is processed with a screening device, then bleached and washed.

The work here is professionally called "pulping".

To sum it up: chopping - steaming - grinding - screening - bleaching - washing.

The second step is papermaking. The pulp is screened and slag removed again (note: the screening equipment here is not shared with the screening equipment in the pulping section).

Since the pulp from the pulp mill is relatively thick, it is necessary to dilute the pulp here to an approximate concentration. At this time, the processed pulp passes through the pipeline and sprays onto the surface of the forming net through the headbox, and there is a vacuum box on the back of the net to absorb the water in the net, so that the liquid pulp is slowly sucked into wet paper with a certain strength. The wet paper is then squeezed by a press roller, and finally pasted on the cylinder surface of the dryer to be thoroughly dried and rolled into a large roll.

The large rolls are then further rolled on the rewinder into a finished paper that meets the customer's requirements.

To sum up: screening and slag removal - dilution - Internet - pressing - drying - winding - rewinding - finished product packaging and storage.

Paper appeared in the Western Han Dynasty, and Cai Lun improved papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In ancient times, ancestors mainly relied on knotted rope chronicles, but later gradually invented writing and began to use oracle bones as writing materials. Later, bamboo and wood chips, as well as silk silk, were discovered and used as writing materials. However, because silk was too expensive and bamboo was too bulky, it led to the invention of paper.

According to research, the production of paper has begun in the Western Han Dynasty in China, and paper was widely circulated during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is widely used by people, and the technology of papermaking has been further improved. The raw materials for papermaking are also diversified, and there are many names of paper, such as bamboo curtain paper, rattan paper, fish egg paper, ......Cai Lun has a wide range of raw materials for papermaking, and the paper made of rotten fish nets is called mesh paper, and the paper made of rags is called cloth paper.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the famous rice paper was born. (There is such a legend in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, the main production area of rice paper: Cai Lun's apprentice Kong Dan, who was engaged in papermaking in southern Anhui, has always wanted to make a particularly ideal white paper for his master to paint and repair scores.)

But after many trials, it didn't work out. Once, in the mountains, he happened to see some sandalwood trees lying next to the mountain stream, and because of the age, they were rotted and white by the water. Later, he used this bark to make paper, and finally succeeded.

From this, it can be concluded that the use of bark to make rice paper was more popular in the Tang Dynasty. ）

The paper industry is an important industry closely related to the development of the national economy and the construction of social civilization.

In economically developed countries, the consumption of paper and cardboard is growing at a pace with the growth rate of its GDP. The role played in the modern economy has attracted more and more attention from the world, and is internationally recognized as the "inexhaustible" industry, in the United States, Canada, Japan, Finland, Sweden and other economically developed countries, the paper industry has become one of the ten pillar manufacturing industries of the national economy. The characteristics of the modern paper industry are different from the general consumer goods industry, but the basic raw material industry that is technology, capital, resource and energy intensive, with significant economies of scale and continuous and efficient production.

More than 80 per cent of the total product is used as means of production in the press, publishing, printing, commodity packaging and other industrial fields, and less than 20 per cent is used for direct consumption. The paper industry is highly related, involving forestry, agriculture, machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, thermal power, transportation, environmental protection and other industries, and has a certain role in stimulating the economy of upstream and downstream industries. In today's world, countries have taken the production and consumption level of paper and cardboard as one of the important indicators to measure the level of modernization and civilization of a country.

The industry product range includes: pulp, machine-made paper and cardboard, processed paper, handmade paper, etc. In order to adapt to the fierce market competition and realize the modernization of the pulp and paper industry, we should reduce pollution, reduce consumption and protect the environment as much as possible in the process of production when improving economic efficiency.

The paper industry is an important industry related to the economic development of the National League, which involves forestry, agriculture, machinery manufacturing, chemical industry, electrical automation, transportation, environmental protection and other industries. At the same time, the paper industry is also a technology-intensive, complex process, large resource consumption, and a large number of pollutants. The industry product range includes: pulp, machine-made paper and cardboard, processed paper, handmade paper, etc.