What are the chronicles, and countries?

Zizhi Tongjian, referred to as "Tongjian", is a long chronicle history book edited by Sima Guang of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a total of 294 volumes and a period of 19 years. The recorded history was written from the 23rd year of King Weilie of Zhou (403 BC) to the 6th year of Emperor Shizong Xiande of the Later Zhou Dynasty (959 BC) of the fifth dynasty to conquer Huainan, spanning 16 dynasties, a total of 1363 years of detailed history. It is the first chronicle of China's general history and has an extremely important place in Chinese history books.

Chronicles, chronicles, and chronicles are the three most important forms of historical books.

Chronicle. The genre of Chinese history books recorded in chronological order. Originated in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The number of chronicles is extremely large. The famous ones include "Spring and Autumn", "Zuo Chuan", "Zizhi Tongjian" and so on. It has the advantage of being able to examine the specific time of historical events, understand the connections between historical events, and avoid narrative repetition.

The disadvantage is that the chronicles are divided into years and months, and cannot concentrate on the whole process of each historical event, and it is difficult to record the events that cannot be arranged by year and month, and they often focus on political events in detail and ignore economic and cultural events.

Chronicles. The genre of Chinese history books centered on biographies. It is composed of the book, the family, the table, the book (chronicle), and the biography.

It is mainly based on the present era and the biography, hence the name. This book is used to describe the emperor; The family is used to describe princely feudal kingdoms and special people; Tables are used to lineage ages, lineages and personalities; Books (chronicles) are used to record the origin of the canonical system; Biographies are used to remember people, peoples, and foreign countries. Founded in the Western Han Dynasty Sima Qian's "Historical Records", the official history of all subsequent dynasties have taken this body, its advantage is that it is convenient to record political, economic, cultural and other aspects, and widely reflect the deeds of people from all walks of life.

The disadvantage is that the accounts are scattered in the main chronicles, biographies, books (chronicles) and other articles, which cannot completely and coherently express the process of each historical event, and it is not easy to show the connection between historical events.

Chronicle of the end of the book.

The genre of Chinese history books based on historical events. It was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty Yuan Shu's "Tongjian Chronicle", followed by Chen Bangzhan of the Ming Dynasty, Qinggu Yingtai's "Ming History Chronicle", Li Youtang's "Liao History Chronicle", "Jin History Chronicle" and so on. Its advantage is that each historical event is written independently, and each article is written in chronological order, which can completely reflect the whole process of historical events, and can make up for the shortcomings of chronology and chronicles.

The disadvantage is that it does not show the connection between various historical events in the same period.

There are also countries.

The Zizhi Tongjian is a chronicle.

Sima Qian's is a chronicle!

When we read history books, we will inevitably encounter the terms chronicles, chronicles, and countries, so do you know what these mean? In fact, these are all genres of historical books, so let's take a closer look at them.

1. Chronicle

The chronicle history book isIt is recorded according to the chronological order of the living emperorHistorical events. The chronicle is the earliest and easiest way to write history, which is centered on time and records historical events in the order of year, month, and day.

Its advantage is that it gives people a clear concept of time, and it is easier to reflect the background of the occurrence and development of historical events. The disadvantage is that it is not easy to focus on the connection between the same historical event and the previous and subsequent events. The way to make up for this is to recount the past and sometimes to recount the aftermath when recording historical events.

Representative works: "Zizhi Tongjian" (compiled by Sima Guang in the Song Dynasty, it is the most influential one of China's existing chronicles); In addition, there is also a chronicle of Confucius's "Spring and Autumn".

2. Country-specific

The country is thatThe country (candidate country) is the main bodyRecord, that is, according to the classification of the country to record the history of Na Na. Most of the country-specific history books are recorded in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and earlier periods, because there were many countries on the Central Plains during that period, so it was possible to divide the country's history.

Chinese is China's first country-specific historical record, is a part of the historical prose of the Friends of the State of You, starting from King Mu of Western Zhou, in the early years of the Warring States Lu Mourning Duke, containing Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu, Yue and other countries about 427 years of historical facts. On the occasion of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was compiled into a book by the historians of the Jin Kingdom.

Representative works: (two in total) The earliest "Chinese" written by Zuo Qiu Ming in the Spring and Autumn Period; The better one is the "Warring States Policy" compiled by Liu Xiang in the early Han Dynasty (a representative work of national history books).

3. Chronicles

In fact, it isNarrating historical facts in the way of creating biographies of characters, that is, recording history centered on the activities of characters。A form of East Asian history books, which is to set up biographies of characters (the biography of the emperor is called "Ji", the general person is called "biography", the characters in special circumstances are called "Ji", the record system, customs, economy, etc. is called "Zhi", and the historical events are arranged in the form of "table").

Disadvantages: The account is sensitive and scattered, and the reader is rare to get the whole picture; Chronicles repeat each other.

Advantages: It is centered on a large number of biographies, and it is a further combination of words and memories.

Representative works: "Historical Records", "Three Kingdoms", etc. "Historical Records" is the first general history in the history of our country.

1. Chronicle is a genre of traditional Chinese history books, which uses chronology as a clue to arrange relevant historical events. Chronicles are time-centered, chronicling historical events in the order of year, month, and day.

2. Ji biography, a form of East Asian history book Sun Yunzhen, is used to establish a biography of a person (the biography of the emperor is called "Ji", the general person is called "biography", the characters in special circumstances are called "records", the records of systems, customs, economy, etc. are called "Zhi", and the historical events are arranged in the form of "table").

3. The country system takes the country as the unit and describes the historical events separately. The Chinese is China's first country-specific historical record, a historical prose of a part of the national chronicles, starting from King Mu of Western Zhou and ending at Lu Mourning Duke in the early years of the Warring States, and containing about 427 years of historical facts from Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu, Yue and other countries. On the occasion of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was compiled into a book by the historians of the Jin Kingdom.

Chronicles, biographies, and countries are all common genres of historical writing. They each have the following concessions:

1.Chronicle: Chronicle is a genre of historical books that uses years, months, and days as clues to arrange historical facts in chronological order.

This genre of historical works is time-centered, and records historical events in the order of year, month, and day, such as "Zuo Chuan" and "Zizhi Tongjian". It is able to clearly reflect the chronological order and causal relationship of historical events.

2.Ji Biography Style: Ji Biography is a genre of historical books written with characters as the central clue, which was pioneered by Sima Qian.

For example, the "Twenty-Four History" is all in the form of a chronicle. This genre is centered on the characters, and comprehensively records the political, military, economic, and cultural development and changes of a dynasty through biographies, books, tables, etc. It can vividly depict the stories and fates of historical figures, while also reflecting the changes of the times.

3.Country-specific style: Country-specific style is a genre of historical books that record history according to the classification of countries.

This genre uses the country as a unit to separately account historical events, such as "Chinese", "Warring States Policy" and so on. The country can clearly show the characteristics and development changes of each country in terms of politics, military, culture, and material.

The above three genres of historical works have their own characteristics, the chronicle style is time-centered, the chronicle style is person-centered, and the country-specific style is country-oriented, all of which have their own unique value and charm.

Difference Between Chronicle and Chronicle:First, the genre is different1. Biography: A genre that reflects historical events through the narration of the activities of characters.

2. Chronicle: The style of historical books that use the chronology as a clue to arrange historical events.

Second, the clues are different1. Chronicles: Through the oak spike to describe the activities of the characters, reflecting the historical events of the teller.

2. Chronicle: Take the time of the event as a clue, and record the historical events in the order of year, month, and stocking day.

Third, the creators are different1. Chronicles: Sima Qian's "Records of the Historians" is the first historical book in China. The first year of Taichu (104 BC).

2. Chronicle: It was created by the historians of the Zhou Dynasty around 841 BC.

Chronicle: It is a form of document that records historical events in chronological order, usually in years, and records major events in a period of time. Chronicles are mostly used to record ancient history, such as "Zuo Chuan", "Historical Records", etc.

Biography: It is a form of literature that narrates historical events in the order of character models, mainly records the deeds and biographies of some important figures, and describes the characters, words and deeds of historical figures, such as "Zizhi Tongjian" and so on.

Country: It is a form of literature that narrates historical events in the order of countries or regions, usually with countries as units, and narrates the political, economic, and cultural development of the country over a period of time. Country-specific forms are often used to record medieval and modern history, such as the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of the New Tang Dynasty.

Each of these different narratives has its own characteristics and advantages. The chronology is based on time, which can clearly reflect the sequence of historical events, but there are relatively few detailed descriptions of people and events. The biographical style can deeply describe the character and behavior of historical figures, but the narrative of the overall history may lack coherence. The country can provide more detailed regional historical information on the needs of the people, but it may lack a holistic perspective.