What is the type of kidney stone surgery?

Surgery methods for kidney stones include open surgery and minimally invasive surgery, and minimally invasive surgery includes extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. So minimally invasive is currently the main focus of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, flexible ureteroscopy belongs to an auxiliary position can do part of the small stones, and there is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, it also has strict indications, it must be less than or equal to two centimeters of renal pelvis or ureteral upper end of the stone can be extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

In addition, each patient should not do extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy more than three times, and if one kidney is not allowed to do it more than three times, the interval between each time should not be longer or less than one month, otherwise it will cause kidney atrophy, renal hypertension and so on. So surgery in the kidney stones, used to be dominant, now basically adjunct, there are very few patients through surgery to kidney stones, or 99% of us can be minimally invasive, unless the patient has a surgical indication and a stone will be taken.

In recent years, the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy method has been widely used because of its small trauma and low cost, and the effect is certain, and it is decided after comprehensive consideration of your examination results and the condition of your whole body. There are also kidney stones that must drink more water and exercise more, many small kidney stones do not need surgery at all. Hope.

Kidney stones are surgically carried out** method, the first is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which is suitable for stones with a volume of 1cm to 2cm; This is followed by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, which is a kidney stone of 2cm or more; The second is flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy, which is suitable for lithotripsy with relatively large stones. It is recommended that patients should choose the appropriate ** method under the guidance of a doctor.

Generally speaking, the appearance of kidney stones is inseparable from the patient's bad eating habits, which will lead to harm to the patient's physical health and bring serious mental distress to the patient. So, what are the ways in which kidney stones can be surgically performed? Let's find out!

First of all, whether or not an undesirable symptom of kidney stones requires surgery** usually depends on the size and shape of the stone, as well as the location of the stone and the patient's physical condition. Usually for patients with stones less than 6mm and no urinary tract obstruction, the doctor will recommend conservative**, take stone expulsion drugs, and recommend that you can use Rispocarpus tea to dissolve stones and remove stones, combined with plenty of water and moderate exercise, to promote the self-discharge of stones.

1. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

This method is suitable for stones with a volume of 1 cm to 2 cm, which are broken up by external impact and then removed by endoscope.

2. Percutaneous nephroscopic lithotripsy.

In this case, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy can be performed when kidney stones of 2 cm or more are ineffective, or when symptoms such as hydronephrosis are obvious.

3. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

This method is suitable for larger stones, and can be used by ureteroscopic lithotripsy, which is minimally invasive, safe and painful, and excreted the stones from the body through stone removal after surgery.

In any kind of surgery, you need to pay attention to postoperative care, especially after shock wave lithotripsy, there will be a large amount of lithotripsy left in the body, and you need to insist on taking stone expulsion drugs, and at the same time assist 3000 ml of water per day to promote stone excretion. Usually 1-2 months after the stone surgery, a follow-up examination is done to see if the stone is clear.

Patients with kidney stones can recover quickly after surgery, but it is important to supplement their diet after surgery and eat more foods containing vitamin A to help avoid stones**. Patients who have suffered from kidney stones should eat as little soy products and foods high in calcium as possible to prevent the formation of new stones.

According to your description, you currently belong to a single stone, the stone is not very big, but because the stone will accumulate and grow in the body, long-term stones will be together with hydronephrosis, and hydronephrosis is the main cause of kidney failure, at present you have no other symptoms due to the fixed position of the stone in the body, once the change of location will lead to renal colic, I hope you pay attention. It can be considered to take the dual positioning intelligent lithotripsy system, which is more intelligent on the basis of traditional extracorporeal lithotripsy, increases the positioning system, grasps the position of the stone very accurately, and two-way positioning pinching the stone, so there is no damage to the kidney and the body, and the stone is decomposed into granular and powdery forms, which does not easily cause obstruction in the ureter, and the stone is more thorough.

Guidance: Traditional kidney stone surgery involves an incision of about 15-20 cm in the abdomen to dissect the kidney and remove the stone. Surgery is risky and traumatic. Because the kidneys need to be dissected, it is easy to cause kidney function to be impaired.

It is understood that percutaneous nephroscopic lithotripsy and stone removal technology usually only takes 10-30 minutes to remove the stones and other diseased substances, and there is almost no bleeding. The small incision after the operation does not require stitches, let alone stitches, and the patient recovers quickly after surgery, and can be discharged from the hospital after an average hospital stay of about three days. The doctor first makes a small incision about 1 cm long in the patient's right waist, and uses a slender puncture needle to directly enter the kidney from the waist under the accurate positioning of X-rays.

Then use a dilator"Pioneering"A small passage with a diameter of only about 5 mm, guided by a nephroscope, the gravel rod is made of"Channels"Smoothly reach the hiding place of the stone. The high-pressure gas generates energy transmitted through the stone crushing rod to quickly break up the stone, and then the crushed stone powder is removed with relevant instruments.

During the process, the movement of the stone should be checked frequently until the stone is expelled from the body. For stones that are slightly larger (about 8 mm in diameter), if the kidney function is good and there is no urinary obstruction, an extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be performed with a lithotripsy, or some endoscopes (such as nephroscope, ureteroscopy, etc.) can be used to remove stones or lithotripsy. During the ** process, it is also necessary to closely observe the discharge of stone fragments.

Once an accident is discovered, you should contact the doctor in time and deal with it in time. If the stone is large (more than 10 mm in diameter) and has comorbidities such as hematuria, infection, tumor or urinary system obstruction, which affects the kidney function, surgery should be performed** to remove the stone in time.

If you want to lithotripsy, you can go to the hospital to do a B ultrasound, check the location and size of the stone, in order to determine the best plan, if it is small, you can use the method of taking traditional Chinese medicine to remove the stone, if it is larger, it will be with the help of external force, the most common is shock wave extracorporeal lithotripsy, it is said that there is also laser lithotripsy, and surgical stone removal is not recommended. Drink more water in daily life, exercise more, avoid alcohol, and prohibit eating vegetables containing oxalic acid.

Friends with kidney stones, we must pay attention to eating less beans in our daily life, we all know that eating tofu is very good, it is rich in protein, large green beans and black beans are the same, but if you are a patient with kidney stones, it is not good to eat these foods. Because the main component of kidney stones is calcium. Patients with kidney stones should not eat some oxalate-rich fruits and dried goods, and apples can eat more, but they should also eat more in moderation.

Usually drink more water, and drink Depu's stilt tea as tea, which can drain stones.

If the stone is small, you can use laparoscopy, if the stone is large, you need to perform traditional surgery**, you can go to the urology department of the hospital for diagnosis and treatment.

There are many surgical options for kidney stones. If the doctor determines that surgery is necessary, there are several surgical options, the most common being extracorporeal lithotripsy. For most stones, if the size of the stone is less than 1 cm and there is no definite ureteral obstruction, most of them are suitable for extracorporeal lithotripsy.

If extracorporeal lithotripsy is ineffective, or if we look at the stone, it is not suitable for extracorporeal lithotripsy and needs surgery to deal with it. The most common surgical methods are minimally invasive surgery, as well as traditional open surgery. At present, more than 95% of stones are solved by minimally invasive surgery, which is less invasive to patients.

If extracorporeal lithotripsy is not suitable, or if extracorporeal lithotripsy is done and the stone is still not discharged, minimally invasive lithotripsy is required. Minimally invasive lithotripsy is commonly used ureteroscopic lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is suitable for relatively small stones in the ureter, there is no trauma, and the patient feels very little pain, so the patient is more willing to accept it.

If the stone is relatively large, it is suitable for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, which is to make a hole in the waist and the kidney, and the lithotripsy device enters the kidney from this hole to break the stone, so the surgical trauma is slightly larger than that of ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The advantage of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is that the stone can be completely flushed out at that time, and the operation results are quick and the recovery process after surgery is relatively fast.

There are four types of kidney stone surgery:

1. Renal pelvis or sinus incision and stone removal: incision of the renal pelvis, removal of stones, antler stones or calyceal stones, sometimes it is necessary to perform renal pelvis and calyceal stone removal in the renal sinus.

2. Renal parenchymal incision and stone removal: the kidney stone is large, and the renal parenchyma needs to be incised and removed.

3. Partial nephrectomy: It is suitable for multiple stones at the first pole of the kidney (mostly at the lower pole of the kidney), or in the dilated and poor drainage of the renal calyce.

4. Nephrectomy: one side of the kidney stone and severe hydronephrosis or pyometra, which has caused serious damage or loss of kidney function, while the other kidney function is good.

For these four types of surgery, it is recommended that the stone is larger and difficult to drain the choice, in the need for surgery can choose lithotripsy, in less than one centimeter can be conservative observation first, choose the stone of the sage, do not wait until it is serious in regret!

The common methods of kidney stone lithotripsy are ultrasound extracorporeal lithotripsy and laser lithotripsy, and the cost of lithotripsy varies from region to region, from hospital to hospital and from patient to patient. Generally, a lithotripsy is about 1000-2000 yuan, but there are preoperative examination fees and postoperative drugs or other charges, so the specific cost should consult the local hospital. After lithotripsy surgery, it is also necessary to cooperate with the drug to remove stones, and the stone drink ye promotes stone expulsion, and Lin Bao Pharmaceutical's stone expulsion liquid is used to relieve stones.

Although the vast majority of patients with kidney stones no longer need surgery due to the use of drugs**, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy**, etc. With the increasing popularity of minimally invasive surgical techniques, the opportunities for open surgery have also been greatly reduced.

1) Indications for kidney stone surgery**: Large renal pelvis and calyceal stones (such as stones with a diameter of more than 3 cm or antler stones): these stones can also be treated by endoluminal urological surgery and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy**.

Multiple stones in the renal pelvis and calyces: surgery is more certain to remove all the stones at one time. Nephrolithiasis that have obstruction and cause renal impairment (such as calyceal stones with stenosis in the neck of the calyceses, pyelopathhiasis with stenosis at the ureteropelvic junction, pelvic stones with high ureteral insertion malformation, etc.).

For anuria caused by stone obstruction, surgery should be performed in time to relieve the obstruction and save renal function. Kidney stones with a diameter of 2 cm or a rough surface, as well as stones that have been in one area for too long, are estimated to have formed adhesions and incarcerated stones. Patients with serious complications to the kidneys and poor general condition:

Surgery should be selected to shorten the cycle. Some patients who have had multiple unsuccessful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsies** or who have failed other stone removal methods.

2) The main open surgery method: for patients with indications, it should be based on the location of the stone, the size, shape and number of the stone; Local conditions of the kidneys and ureters determine the method of surgery. Pyelotomy and lithotomy:

Suitable for larger renal pelvic stones or multiple stones within the renal pelvis. Renal parenchymal incision and stone removal: It is suitable for staghorn-shaped renal pelvis, calyceal stones or multiple stones in the renal calyce, and stones that cannot be removed through the renal pelvis or are not easy to remove.

To reduce bleeding, the renal parenchyma is usually incised at the thinnest part of the renal parenchyma or the site closest to the stone. If necessary, it is necessary to temporarily block blood flow to the kidneys and cool the blood locally to reduce bleeding. Partial nephrectomy:

For multiple stones confined to the supracalyces or inferior calyces, especially when there is stenosis of the neck of the calyce, and the stones cannot be removed smoothly by nephrotomy or pyelotomy, partial nephrectomy can be performed to remove the upper or lower pole of the kidney together with the stones. Nephrectomy: severe hydronephrosis caused by obstruction of one kidney or ureteral stone, and the renal cortex is thin; Patients with co-infection and pyometra and complete loss of renal function.

If the contralateral kidney is functioning normally, nephrectomy may be performed. Parathyroidectomy:

Stones caused by primary hyperparathyroidism, such as adenoma or adenocarcinoma, should be completely removed by surgery; If it is caused by parathyroid hyperplasia, 3 or more of the 4 parathyroid glands should be removed.