Why are the people of the Three Kingdoms famous and literate?

Why do modern people have surnames and names? In fact, the principle is the same, names are used to identify a person, and ancient people were more troublesome. The name is the name of the matter, and the word is the name of the day.

For example, Cao Cao said to Guan Yu "I have admired Yun for a long time", but he could not say "I have admired Guan Yu for a long time", and generally speaking, he would not call other people's names, but only other people's words.

However, superiors can be called by their names from superiors to subordinates, and elders to juniors. For example, if you offer the emperor to reward Cao Cao, you have to say how "Cao Cao" is, and you don't have to call Cao Mengde.

When the ancients called themselves, they said their names, such as Zhuge Liang's teacher's table, "Liangben cloth, ploughing Nanyang", and could not call himself "Kong Ming". In the New Three Kingdoms TV, Cao Cao calls himself "I, Cao Mengde", which is not right.

The difference between name and word is a kind of etiquette, in ancient times, it was called by his name, and it had the meaning of scolding, such as Cao Cao's crusade against Yuan Shao's text, which became him Yuan Shao, not Yuan Benchu.

The name is just a code name after birth, and the word comes according to its personality, characteristics, achievements, etc., and sometimes you can know how the person is by looking at the word!

Not only the people of the Three Kingdoms have characters, but other dynasties also have them.

<> characters of the people in the Three Kingdoms are as follows:

Liu Bei Zixuande, Zhuge Liang Zi Kong Ming, Guan Yu Zi Yun Chang, Zhang Fei Zi Yide, Zhao Yun Zi Zilong, Sun Qianzi Gongyou, Mi Zhu Zi Zi Zi Zhong, Jian Yong Zi Xianhe, Ma Chao Zi Meng Qi, Wei Yan Zi Wenchang, Xu Shu Zi Yuan Zhi, Huang Zhong Zi Hansheng, Pang Tong Zi Shiyuan, Ma Liang Zi Ji Chang, Ma Tan Zi Youchang, Jiang Wan Zi Gongyan, Liu Chan Zi Gonghei, Liao Hua Zi Yuan Jian, Chen Zhen Zi Xiaoqi, Yi Zi Ji Bo, Fa Zheng Zi Xiaozhi, Meng Da Zi Zidu, Guan Xing Zi An Guo, Huang Quan Zi Gongheng, Sun Quan Zi Zhongmou, Sun Jian Zi Wentai, Sun Ce Zi Bo Fu, Cheng Puzi Demou, Huang Gai Zi Gongfu, Han Dang Zi Yi Gong, Zu Mao Zi Da Rong, Zhu Zhi Zi Li, Lu Fan Zi Heng, Zhou Yu Zi Jin, Zhang Zhao Zi Zi Bu, Zhang Hong Zi Zigang, Tai Shi Ci Zi Zi Yi, Jiang Qin Zi Gongyi, Zhou Tai Zi Youping, Chen Wu Zi Zi Lie, Yu Translation Zi Zhong Xiang, Cao Cao Zi Mengde, Le Jin Zi Wen Qian, Li Dian Zi Mancheng, Cao Ren Zi Zi Xiao, Cao Hong Zi Zi Lian, Xiahou Dun Zi Yuan Rang, Xiahou Yuan Zi Miaocai, Xun Yu Zi Wenruo, Xun You Zi Da, Guo Jia Zi Feng Xiao, Cheng Yu Zi Zhongde, Liu Ye Zi Yang, Man Pet Zi Bo Ning, Lu Qian's character Zike, Mao Jue's character filial piety, and Yu Forbidden Words.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the reason why most of the person's names were two characters was because in that period, the names of the characters were divided into "name" and "character", and the name was generally one character, and the character was two characters. People are accustomed to using names, but not words.

In fact, in the Qin Dynasty, there were many people who liked to take single words, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, all emperors used single names, so many people also used single names, which became a popular trend at that time.

Because in ancient times, people's naming habits were like this, so most people's names are two words.

In ancient times, people's names were more noble if they were two words, so most people's names only had two words.

<> characters of the people in the Three Kingdoms are as follows:

Liu Bei Zixuande, Zhuge Liang Zi Kong Ming, Guan Yu Ziyun Chang, Zhang Fei Zide, Zhao Yun Zilong, Sun Qianzi Gongyou, Mi Zhu Zizhong, Jian Yong Zihe, Ma Chao Zi Meng Qi, Wei Ju Yan Zi Wenchang, Xu Shu Zi Yuan Zhi, Huang Zhong Zi Hansheng, Pang Tong Zi Shiyuan, Ma Liang Zi Ji Chang, Ma Jian Zi Youchang, Jiang Wan Zi Gongyan, Liu Chan Zi Gonghei, Liao Hua Zi Yuan Jian, Chen Zhen Zi Xiaoqi, Yi Zi Jibo, Fa Zheng Zi Xiaozhi, Qin Chong Qi Mengda Zidu, Guan Xing Zi An Guo, Huang Quan Zi Gongheng, Sun Quan Zi Zhongmou, Sun Jian Zi Wentai, Sun Ce Zi Bo Fu, Cheng Pu Zi Demou, Huang Gai Zi Gongfu, Han Dang Zi Yi Gong, Zu Mao Zi Da Rong, Zhu Zhi Zi Li, Lu Fan Zi Heng, Zhou Yu Zi Gong Jin, Zhang Zhao Zi Zi Bu, Zhang Hong Zi Zigang, Tai Shi Ci Zi Zi Zi Yi, Jiang Qin Zi Gongyi, Zhou Tai Zi Youping, Chen Wu Zi Zi Lie, Yu Flip Zi Zhong Xiang, Cao Cao Zi Meng De, Le Jin Zi Wen Qian, Li Dian Zi Mancheng, Cao Ren Zi Zi Xiao, Cao Hong Zi Zi Zi Lian, Xiahou Dun Zi Yuan Rang, Xiahou Yuan Zi Miaocai, Xun Yu Zi Wen Ruoru, Xun Yu Zi Gongda, Guo Jia Zi Feng Xiao, Cheng Yu Zi Zhongde, Liu Ye Zi Yang, full of pet words Boning, Lu Qian word Zike, Mao Jue word filial piety, Yu forbidden word Wenzhi.

It was from the time when Wang Mang usurped power to reform the one-word name!

Although many people used one-character names when the Han Dynasty was founded, such as Xiang Yu, Liu Bang, Xiang Bo, etc., the real strict rules for using one-character names were handed down from Wang Mang's time!

After studying history for so many years, including reading historical stories and documents, I think Wang Mang is a wonderful person. Such a strange person can be an emperor and a cow, and he has been dormant all his life in order to usurp power and become an emperor. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, he finally succeeded in usurping the throne, and after success, he began to enjoy his supremacy as emperor and began to order reforms.

1. Do not use two-character names

Wang Mang is a stubborn person, and what he believes is to be carried out profoundly. He just can't get used to other people's two-word names, maybe he himself is one word, so he doesn't allow others to use two words, it's really capricious!

He wrote the name of the forbidden name into the etiquette system, and whoever got up would be a violation of the etiquette system and an impolite thing.

Wang Mang not only requires this from his own people, but also from ethnic minorities such as the Xiongnu, if you think about it, the names of ethnic minorities are very long, and they even let others use one word, which is really embarrassing.

2. If you use a two-character name, you are a criminal

The use of a two-character name is not only a violation of etiquette, but also a symbol of criminals and great rebellion!

Because Wang Mang had the idea of usurping power at that time, Wang Mang knew about it, and he was furious and wanted to punish his son and not allow him to use a one-word name.

You see, in that case, at the time, it was insulting to use a two-word name.

3. A person's title has a name and a word

We all know that in ancient times, people had a font size, for example, Zhuge Liang's character Kongming, if people are usually close to each other, they can actually call the font size, such as Liu Bei's word Xuande, and there are also good brothers or elders who call him Xuande.

To a certain extent, this makes up for the regret that people can't give a two-character name, in fact, you can also call Zhuge Kongming and Liu Xuande like this.

At that time, not only the name, but also the character, the name of the person was the same word, which should be the characteristic of that time.

Because during the Three Kingdoms period, many people's names were the same word, and there was a saying for this, because at that time, a word was easier for people to remember, and it could be understood as different meanings.

Because after Wang Mang seized the throne at that time, he ordered that there should be no two-character names, and everyone should be changed to one word.

It is said that it was because of Wang Mang that he was like this, but it seems that the two-character names at that time were all at the bottom.

There is only one word in the Three Kingdoms, and the name is handed down from Wang Mang's time, and he requires everyone to have only one word.

In the Three Kingdoms period, the names of people were all one word, because one word was easy to remember, and they were all taken like this at that time, so it was naturally formed.

The people of the Three Kingdoms period were all one word, because there was an emperor Wang Mang who stipulated that if the people at that time did not have one word in the word, but two words, they would commit crimes.

The main reason for this is that Wang Mang is a person, he is more stubborn and believes that he must carry it out.

The names of people in the past are two different things, and they are very clear. It's different from now.

Maybe the rain had something to do with the way it wasn't named at the time.

The name cannot be given in two words, and He Xiu's original text is "Chongren and righteousness, ridicule the two names". The so-called two names, according to the Ram family, refer to the phenomenon of using two words in the name, such as the surname Liu Mingyu Xi, the surname Bai Ming Juyi, according to the Spring and Autumn Period, which should be condemned and should be severely stopped. There have been severe stops in history against the two:

Wang Mang was retro, and he used the principle of ""Spring and Autumn" to ridicule the two names", and strictly ordered everyone to have a single name, which affected and even affected the Xiongnu, 246 So in the period after Wang Mang, the vast majority of people were single names, that is, such as Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Cao Cao, Sun Quan, ...... the Three KingdomsIt's all singular.

Wang Mang started at that time, it seems that the name must be one word, and giving you a two-word name is an insult to you, just like Wu Zetian gives people a surname and calls someone with the surname 虺, 蝮 ah or something.

No, people in ancient times had a surname, a given name, a character, and a number.

The word is generally given by the parents, and the number is given after they have a certain reputation: Mr. Wuliu, Mr. Jingjie and the like.

For example: Cao Cao, surnamed Cao, the word Mengde, the small character Apu, Cao Xueqin, the word Zhan, the number Xueqin. He should be called Cao Zhan. I don't know why modern people call him Cao Xueqin.

There's a reason. The New Dynasty (Wang Mang) stipulated that the names of people should be 2 characters, and only prisoners should use 3 characters. Then it became a habit.

That can't be said to be their name.

Rather, it should be their words!

Isn't Zhuge Liang a prisoner?

Wang Mang's retro system is forbidden by the two names.

In the past, the so-called ancient commoners, especially the low-level peasants, had no name or surname.

It is generally the name of the big and small row.

Later, the population also increased, the people were more civilized, and the names became popular and the low-level civilians became popular, but the more later, the two-character names were no longer enough, and the names began to be repeated, and of course there were more and more three-character names.

There are many two characters in the name of the Three Kingdoms, which is generally especially in the late Western Han Dynasty"Wang Mang retro system"Guided.

It is named after birth, and the word is added when it is an adult, and the younger generation and younger generations should be called the word in the future. In addition, there are many occasions to avoid names, which is also a reason for the word.

After the Qin and Han dynasties, everyone was famous, but generally only scholars and rulers came up with words.

There are two reasons: one is to avoid the etiquette system, and the other is to "Wang Mang's reform".

The characters in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" have been statistically classified, including 1092 people with names and surnames, 40 people with surnames and no surnames, and 27 people with no names and surnames in the book.

There are a few characters who don't appear much, and their names are incomplete, but they are easy to remember. One is Diao Chan with no surname, according to Diao Chan's confession in the miscellaneous drama, she was originally from Muer Village, Xinzhou, Shanxi, surnamed Ren, her father Ren Ang, and her nickname is Hongchang. Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty was selected as a palace maid and held the crown of Diao Chan, so it was named Diao Chan.

The second is that there are nameless Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao, the two beauties of Dongwu, and no one has mentioned what their names are. The third is that there is no name and surname, only an official title: supervising the post, he said that Liu Bei "fraudulently claimed to be the emperor's prince" and wanted to ask for bribes, but he didn't expect to be beaten by Zhang Fei.

There are a total of 220 surnames (including 10 compound surnames) in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Zhang has the most surnames, with 71 people; Liu was the second, with 61 people; The surname Wang is again, 48 people. Sun, Li, Cao, Chen, Yang, Han, and Zhao are all more than 20 people. Some surnames are very obscure.

The vast majority of the characters of "Three Kingdoms" are single names, and the impression of taking double names is only Zhuge Liang's father-in-law Huang Chengyan. During the Three Kingdoms period, from the emperor and the general to the common people, almost all of them used a single name, and this phenomenon is related to two points. The first is to avoid etiquette.

The pre-Qin "Book of Rites: Qu Li" stipulates that "two names are not partial", which means that if two words are names, only one word is secret, and the other word can be ignored. With the gradual tightening of the avoidance system, "two words are not partial" has become indecent, and it is better to "one word is difficult to say and easy to deny".

The second is "Wang Mang's reform". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, after Wang Mang came to power, the national land was renamed "Wang Tian", and the slaves and maids were renamed "private belongings", which were not allowed to be bought and sold; He also repeatedly changed the currency system, changed the official system, changed the official name to the place name, changed the place name to the name of the person, and issued a decree prohibiting the use of two-character names.

Hanshu Wang Mang's Biography contains: "Reckless China has been peaceful, but the four Yi are not different, but the envoy is sent to the ** currency silk, heavy bribery of the Huns Shan Yu, so that the book said: 'Hearing that China ridiculed the two names, so the name of the bag knows the tooth and now changes the name to know, and Mu obeys the holy system.

This historical material tells us that after Wang Mang became emperor, he sent envoys to carry gold and silver treasures to Shan Yu of the Xiongnu. Shan Yu replied: I heard that China has canceled the two-character name, and my original name is Nang Zhiyasi, and now I am renamed Zhizhi to obey the "holy system".

Wang Mang's abolition of the system of double names and the main use of single names had a huge impact on society, resulting in the trend of taking single names in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and other dynasties for more than 300 years. Wang Mang's eldest grandson Wang Zong's real name is Wang Huizong, this person coveted his grandfather's throne, and committed suicide in defeat.

During the Three Kingdoms period, in addition to the name, there was also a number. For example, Liu Bei, font size: Xuande.

His real name is Liu Xuande. On formal occasions, he is called Liu Bei.

Guan Yu, font size: Yunchang, real name: Guan Yunchang.

In fact, their names are all 3 words. And in order to bring history closer to the original, whether it is a book or a television, it is called by the official name of the character. So, it feels like it's all two-word names.

Not really.

Guan Yu, the word cloud is long. Guan Yu is a name, the name of Guan Yu of Yun Chang, not a nickname.

Table characters, also known as characters, are names given by people in the old days to indicate the meaning of virtue or their own names in addition to their own names, and aliases given by parents or teachers for themselves related to the meaning of their own names. In ancient times, a man was 20 years old and a woman was 15 years old, so it was inconvenient to call her by her name, so she took another alias related to the meaning of her name and called it a word to express her virtue. Mortals call each other respectfully, and they will call it the word of virtue, and then call the word the word of the table.

Originated in the Shang Dynasty, prevailed in the Zhou Dynasty, and later formed a system, until modern times it is still used by many people in intellectual and cultural circles, such as Hu Shizi Shizhi, Sun Wen Zaizhi, *** Zi Runzhi.

In modern times, in addition to the intellectual and cultural circles still use it, few ordinary people use it, but the Chinese population is currently 1.3 billion, the incidence of the same name and surname is too high, the cultural circles currently intend to restore the table character system, and some people who love history have table characters, such as Li Haoran Zitan, Zhou Qixing Zi Chengqi, and Zhang Ce Zi Zhu.