Give four examples of mixture separation and purification in daily life

Separation: For example, when processing rice into rice in rural areas, sieves are often used to separate rice from bran; Gauze bags are commonly used to separate tofu residue from soybean milk in rural areas; When washing rice, the pouring method is often used to separate the washing water from the rice; When there is more oil mixed in the water and stratified, the upper layer of oil can be gradually sucked out with a straw; When iron filings and copper filings are mixed together, they can be separated by magnets, etc.

Purification: Extraction of iodine from kelp, extraction of table salt from seawater, extraction of bromine from seawater, desalination of seawater, and refining of various chemicals: coarse salt to refined salt, production of anhydrous alcohol, etc.

Separation: 1Separate the oil from the water.

2.Separate the soy milk from the okara.

Purification:1Wash the rice ——— remove the sand.

2.The alcohol is evaporated during brewing.

Separation: The tap water purifies the water by separating the sediment from the water.

Purification: The use of seawater to purify refined salts.

Alum purified water,. Activated carbon water purification, etc.

Wash with toothpaste or detergent hot water, alkaline conditions promote oil hydrolysis, detergent can be oil emulsification.

When iron filings and copper filings are mixed together, they can be separated by magnets;

When processing rice into rice in rural areas, sieves are often used to separate rice from bran;

Gauze bags are commonly used to separate tofu residue from soybean milk in rural areas;

When washing rice, the pouring method is often used to separate the washing water from the rice;

When there is more oil mixed in the water and stratified, the upper layer of oil can be gradually sucked out with a straw;

Metallurgy, the extraction of salt from seawater, the desalination of seawater, the production of anhydrous alcohol.

1. Examples of mixture separation in life: separating oil from water; Separate the soy milk from the okara.

To create a cocktail, you mix several different liquors together and let them sit for a while before the liquor becomes layered.

2. Examples of mixture purification in life: washing rice, removing sand; The alcohol is steamed out during sake brewing.

Take a glass of salt water, heat it constantly, so that the water evaporates, and the last solid matter left is table salt.

Principles of separation and purification:

1. The introduced reagents generally only react with impurities.

2. The follow-up reagent should remove the excess reagent.

3. No new substances can be introduced.

4. The substances formed by the reaction of impurities and reagents are easy to separate from the purified substances.

5. Convert impurities into required substances as much as possible.

6. When removing a variety of impurities, the reasonable order of adding reagents should be considered.

7. If you encounter a gas that is easily soluble in water, you should prevent the occurrence of sucking.

Detached instances:

For example, when rice is processed into rice in rural areas, sieves are often used to separate rice from bran. Gauze bags are commonly used to separate tofu residue from soybean milk in rural areas; When washing rice, the pouring method is often used to separate the washing water from the rice; When there is more oil mixed in the water and stratified, the upper layer of oil can be gradually sucked out with a straw; When iron filings and copper filings are mixed together, they can be separated by magnets, etc.

Examples of purification:

Extraction of iodine from kelp, extraction of table salt from seawater, extraction of bromine from seawater, desalination of seawater, and refining of various chemicals: coarse salt to refined salt, production of anhydrous alcohol, etc.

After fermentation, liquor with high purity is extracted by distillation according to the relatively low boiling point of alcohol, and industrial anhydrous ethanol is purified by this method.

The class teacher sits the so-called good students separately from the bad students, which is separation.

1. Separation of mixtures in life.

1. When processing rice into rice in rural areas, use a sieve to separate rice from bran.

2. Gauze bags are commonly used to separate tofu residue from soybean milk in rural areas.

3. When washing rice, the pouring method is often used to separate the rice washing water from the rice to remove the sand and empty shells inside.

Second, the mixture is purified in life.

1. Extract iodine from kelp.

2. Extract salt and bromine from seawater.

3. Turn coarse salt into refined salt.

Separation: The magnet separates iron and copper filings.

A sieve separates the rice from the bran;

Purification: Extraction of iodine from kelp, extraction of table salt from seawater, extraction of bromine from seawater, desalination of seawater, and refining of various chemicals: coarse salt to refined salt, production of anhydrous alcohol, etc.

Extraction of iodine from kelp, extraction of table salt from seawater, extraction of bromine from seawater, desalination of seawater, and refining of various chemicals: coarse salt to refined salt, production of anhydrous alcohol.

Extract wine from sake lees at home,

The process of drying seawater into salt is a simple purification process!

1.Fractional crystallization

This method is often used to heat the evaporation solution to control the density of the solution and crystallize a part of the solute. After repeated operations, the purpose of separation and purification can be achieved.

2.Step-by-step precipitation method

This method often selects appropriate reagents or adjusts pH to precipitate a certain part of the solution. After repeated operations, the purpose of separation and purification can also be achieved.

3.Selective redox method

Use a suitable oxidant or reducing agent to oxidize or reduce some components in the mixture, and further achieve the purpose of separation and purification.

4.Absorption, adsorption method

Absorb certain components of the mixture with suitable reagents, such as caustic soda to absorb carbon dioxide from the gas mixture. Or use suitable substances to adsorb some components in the mixture, such as adsorbing certain gases with activated carbon, so as to achieve the purpose of separation and purification.

5.Liquid-liquid solvent extraction

Select appropriate solvents to dissolve and absorb some components in the mixture, so as to achieve the purpose of separation and purification.

6.Distillation

The condensation temperature of the vapor of the mixed solution is controlled, so that the components with different boiling points are condensed and precipitated step by step, so as to achieve the purpose of separation and purification.

1.No new impurities can be introduced. That is, the substance after separation and purification should be pure, and no other substances can be mixed into it.

2.The state of the substance after separation and purification remains unchanged.

3.The experimental process and operation method are simple and easy. That is, the selection of separation and purification methods should follow the principle of physics before chemistry, simple before complex.

Sodium chloride and ammonium chloride are heated.

Extracted with aqua regia (cyanide)**.

Is gutter oil an example of purification? Hehe, I think I can have a chat with the teacher.

1. If there is a small amount of MgCl impurities mixed in the NaCl solution, an excess of NaOH solution can be added to convert the Mg+ ions into Mg(OH) precipitate (but new impurities are introduced) to remove Mg(OH) by filtration. The basic principle is the generative precipitation method.

2. Remove a small amount of Na CO mixed in the Na SO solution: In order not to introduce new impurities and increase SO, an appropriate amount of dilute H So can be added to convert CO into CO gas and removed, and the method is to achieve the purpose of purification by generating gas method.

3. If there is a small amount of FeCl impurities in the FeCl solution, an appropriate amount of FeCl can be introduced to oxidize FeCl to FeCl. If there is a small amount of FeCl in the FeCl solution, it can be removed by adding an appropriate amount of iron powder. The basic principle of this method is redox method.

4. The Na Co solid contains a small amount of NaHCO impurities, which can be heated to decompose NaHC into Na CO and remove the impurities. If a small amount of Na Co impurities are mixed in the NaHCO solution, a sufficient amount of Na Co can be introduced into the solution to convert Na Co into NaHCO, which uses the interconversion method of normal salt and acid salt.

5. Fe O is mixed with a small amount of Al O impurities, which can be used to amphoteric oxides to react with a strong alkali solution, add a sufficient amount of NaOH solution to the sample, so that Al O is converted into soluble NaAlo, and then filter, wash the insoluble matter, that is, pure Fe O, which is the use of the amphoteric of the substance to remove impurities.

The separation and purification of substances is the process of using the difference between the purified substances and impurities in some properties, and the appropriate separation method is used to remove the impurities and obtain the pure substance. In addition to selecting the appropriate impurity removal reagent in the process of purifying the substance, it is often necessary to select the appropriate separation method, so the separation and purification of the substance are interrelated.

1. The physical methods for removing and purifying substances mainly include:

1) Filtration method (depending on the solubility of the substance). For example, to remove the sodium chloride solid in the calcium carbonate solid, the mixture can be dissolved in water and then filtered, and the obtained solid can be washed and dried to obtain the calcium carbonate solid.

2) Crystallization method (depending on the solubility of the substance affected by temperature changes). For example, to purify potassium nitrate from the mixture of potassium nitrate and sodium chloride, the mixture can be dissolved in hot water to prepare a hot saturated solution, and then filtered and dried after cooling and crystallization, that is, potassium nitrate solid is obtained.

2. The main chemical methods are:

1) Displacement method. If the zinc powder in the copper powder is removed, an excess of dilute sulfuric acid or copper sulfate solution can be added to the mixture, and after a full reaction, it can be filtered, washed and dried to obtain pure copper powder.

2) Heating method. If the calcium carbonate in the calcium oxide is to be removed, the mixture can be directly heated and calcined, and after a full reaction, pure calcium oxide is obtained.

3) Precipitation conversion method. If you want to remove copper sulfate from the sodium sulfate solution, you can add the sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop to the mixed solution until the blue precipitate is no longer produced, and then stop the dropwise addition. The resulting mixture is filtered, and the filtrate is a sodium sulfate solution.

4) Gas conversion method. If you want to remove the sodium carbonate in the sodium chloride solution, you can add the hydrochloric acid solution drop by drop to the mixed solution until it no longer produces bubbles, stop the dropwise addition, and the resulting solution is the sodium chloride solution.

5) Neutralization method. If you want to remove sodium hydroxide in sodium chloride, you can add an appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid solution drop by drop to the mixed solution to obtain sodium chloride solution.

6) Gas washing method. If carbon monoxide is purified from a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, the mixture can be passed into a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution and then into concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain pure carbon monoxide.

When making soy milk, the okara is separated from the soy milk by filtering with gauze, and the salt is separated from the seawater by evaporation when making salt

For example, when rice is processed into rice in rural areas, sieves are often used to separate rice from bran. In rural areas, gauze bags are commonly used to separate tofu flowers from soybean milk; When washing rice, the pouring method is often used to separate the washing water from the rice; When there is a lot of oil mixed in the water and stratification, the upper layer of oil can be gradually sucked out with a straw.

Sieving grains, salt water for seed selection, and so on.

1) Remove the caCO3 particles suspended in lime water, according to the solubility of caCO3, it is a substance that is insoluble in water, and the method of filtration can be used to separate it from lime water, so the answer is a sedan car: a; (2) Concentrated sulfuric acid is absorbent and does not react with oxygen, and can be washed with concentrated sulfuric acid, so the answer is: d; (3) Iodine elemental matter is easy to sublimate when heated, while sodium iodide is stable when heated, and can be separated by heating sublimation, so the answer is:

b；(4) Calcium carbonate is decomposed into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide by heating, and calcium oxide is stable when heated, so it can be separated by pyrolysis method, so the answer is: c; (5) For the stratification of the mixture of water and gasoline, the separation method is selected, so the answer is: e; (6) CCL4 is miscible with toluene, but the boiling point is different, then distillation is selected, so the answer is: F