What are the common economic characteristics of developing countries?

These characteristics include:

1) Low standard of living. In developing countries, the standard of living of the majority of the population is low. The low standard of living is manifested in the following aspects.

First, the standard of living per capita in these countries is very low. Second, in developing countries, the gap in living standards between the poor, the majority of the population, and the wealthy minority is also wider than in developed countries. Finally, widespread poverty.

Poverty refers to the lack of ability to achieve a minimum standard of living.

2) Low productivity levels. Developing countries have relatively low productivity levels due to the constraints of human resource quality, capital stock, technology and management level. In 2002, labour productivity in developing countries was only 1.23 of that in developed countries.

3) Rapid population growth and heavy maintenance burden. Birth rates in developing countries are generally much higher than those in developed countries, and the difference in mortality rates between the two groups is much smaller due to improved sanitation and the control of infectious diseases, which has led to rapid population growth in developing countries. One consequence of rapid population growth is that developing countries have a higher proportion of children in the total population and therefore a higher number of children and the elderly in the labour force, which creates a dependency burden in developing countries.

4) High levels of unemployment and low employment. A significant portion of the labour force in developing countries is underutilized. There are two manifestations of underutilization of labor.

One is open unemployment, which means that people with labor force and willingness to work are not offered jobs; The other is low employment or underemployment, which refers to the number of hours that workers are formally employed but receive less hours than they are able to work, or the number of hours that workers are formally fully employed, but their labor productivity is very low, even close to zero.

5) Heavy dependence on agricultural production. In terms of production structure, the share of agriculture in GDP in low-income countries (except China and India) is much higher than that of developed countries; From the perspective of employment structure, the proportion of agricultural labor force in developing countries is as high as 50% and 70%; In terms of urbanization, the proportion of urban population in low- and middle-income countries is much lower than that in high-income countries and regions.

6) Being in a disadvantageous position in international relations. Developed and developing countries are unequal in international relations. The developed countries control the type of international affairs and determine the rules and situation of international relations.

However, in most developing countries, due to the low level of development and insufficient domestic savings, economic construction can only rely on the export of primary products to obtain foreign exchange. At the same time, developing countries also need to bring in the necessary technology, foreign aid and foreign investment, and the conditions for the international transfer of these resources are also controlled by developed countries. As a result, developing countries are economically dominated by and dependent on developed countries.

The underdeveloped market economy is an essential feature of the economies of developing countries.

The development of the world economy is the deepening of economic globalization, requiring developing countries to strive to develop their own economies, and at the same time to continue to expand the world, but also need to establish a sound economic development model, for example, China is now implementing a market economy, compared with the planned economy before the reform is still very different, and, if after the WTO, China has also begun to integrate with the world economy!

1. Late development effect.

Due to the constraints of the socio-historical traditions and historical conditions of the developing countries, their modernization started much later than that of the industrialized countries that developed first. It is precisely because of their late start and the different constraints they face that their special development process has been formed.

2. A purposeful, planned, and catch-up modernization process.

Developing countries generally inspire the determination and goal of social modernization in a strong contrast with developed countries, which is a purposeful process of social modernization; "Catch up"It expresses a strong desire to become strong as soon as possible.

3. The introduction and acceptance of heterogeneous cultures and foreign models.

In the process of modernization, developing countries will inevitably have to import various modernization factors from the outside, including economic models, social values, development strategies, science and technology, and so on.

4、"Binary"The long-term existence of the social structure.

So-called"Binary"Social structure refers to the coexistence of a relatively modern urban society and a relatively non-modern rural society in the entire social structure system. This kind"Dualistic society"It is manifested not only in the difference in the nature of society but also in the level of development, which is of both positive and negative significance to the modernization process of developing countries.

5.** Play a strong dominant and guiding role in the process of modernization. In the process of social modernization, developing countries play a special, extensive, and important role.

Economic relations: the advanced capitalist countries are dominant, while the developing countries are mostly passive!

The essence is the gap in economic strength and the manifestation of economic globalization!

Cheap labor + vast market + cheap raw materials + environmental pollution = a stack of worthless foreign bonds.

After paying so much, we still make money for others to spend, this is the stupid thing we are doing now, if we put this money on my national construction, in the place where "it should be spent", we will be happy in our hearts.

The characteristics of urbanization are different between developed and developing countries.

Developed country. 1.Start early. 2.The level of urbanization is high. 3.There is a phenomenon of reverse urbanization.

Developing countries.

1.Late start, fast development. 2.The level of urbanization is low. 3.Urban development is unreasonable.

The relationship between urbanization and the level of economic development.

The degree of urbanization is an important indicator of a country's economic development, especially the development of industrial production. Due to the differences in natural conditions, geographical environment, total population and social and economic development, the level and speed of urbanization vary greatly from country to country. The degree of urbanization in economically developed industrialized countries is much higher than in economically backward agricultural countries.

In 1980, the average proportion of the urban population in developed countries was 77 per cent in the United States, Japan, the Federal Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The average proportion of the urban population in developing countries is less than 20 per cent in many of them.

Cities are the hallmarks of human civilization and the center of people's economic, political and social lives. The degree of urbanization is an important indicator to measure the economic, social, cultural, scientific and technological level of a country and region, and it is also an important indicator to measure the degree of social organization and management level of a country and region. Urbanization is an inevitable process of human progress, and an important clue in the structural transformation of human society.