In physics, how are thunder and lightning formed?

Lightning is a discharge phenomenon in which a strong electric field is formed between various parts of the thunderstorm cloud or between the cloud and the ground due to different charged properties. Due to the narrowness of the lightning channel, too much current passes through, which makes the column of air in the lightning channel burn to a white heat and glow, and causes the surrounding air to be heated and suddenly expand, in which the cloud droplets will also suddenly vaporize and expand due to high heat, resulting in a loud thunder. The thunder generated inside and between the cloud is high-altitude mine; Thunder generated in cloud-to-ground lightning is called "landing lightning".

Thunder is produced by the friction of positive and negative charges between clouds and between clouds and ground in the great concealment of void qi and macro volatile, resulting in violent discharge; Lightning is a phenomenon of intense electrical discharge between clouds, between clouds and the ground, or between parts of the cloud.

Thunder is when atmospheric charges are constantly gathering in the clouds. If the amount of charge becomes strong enough, lightning will occur. When lightning crosses the sky, it can quickly warm up the air along its path.

The heated air expands rapidly and rushes in all directions as violently as it happens. This causes a huge sound wave, which produces thunder.

Lightning usually produces an electric charge from a storm hall cloud (cumulonimbus cloud), with a negative charge at the bottom and a positive charge at the top, and also a positive charge on the ground, which follows the cloud like a shadow. Positive and negative charges attract each other, but air is not a good conductor. Positive charges run toward trees, hills, the tops of tall buildings, and even on top of the human body, in an attempt to meet negatively charged clouds; The negatively charged branch-like antennae extend downwards and get closer to the ground as they go downward.

A bright flash of light is produced, which produces lightning.

The basic type of lightning

The most common lightning bolts are line lightning, which are very bright lines of white, pink, or light blue, much like a river with many branches on the map, or like a large tree hanging in the sky. The "temper" of linear lightning has long been understood by scientists, and the whole process of linear lightning can be completely recorded with a continuous high-speed camera, and simulation experiments can be successfully carried out in the laboratory.

In addition to line lightning, there are also ball lightning and chain lightning, both of which are relatively rare. Ball lightning is usually seen during severe thunderstorms. After the lightning bolt, a fireball suddenly appears in the sky, and the fireball floats in the sky along a curved path, and sometimes it may stop and hang in the air.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Lightning.

Thunder and lightning occur at the same time, is due to a discharge phenomenon between clouds with different charges or between clouds and the earth, when the distance between clouds with different charges is reduced to a certain distance due to movement, the strong potential difference between the positive and negative charges breaks down the air and instantaneously discharges, the discharge spark produced during discharge is the lightning we see, and the sound produced during discharge is thunder.

In the same way, when the charged cloud is moving, the corresponding place on the ground generates an induced charge, and if the distance between the cloud and the ground or a tall object on the ground is small, the air between the cloud and the object is broken down and an instantaneous discharge occurs to produce thunder.

We see lightning and then hear thunder, because light travels much faster than sound, so we see lightning and then hear thunder.

<> "The ancients' elegant jujube banquet for all things was called beautiful to the extreme.

Thunderbolt is another name for Thunderbolt.

1. [Earthquake]: Another name for thunder.

Earthquake is thunder" - Yi Saying Hexagrams

2. [Thunderbolt]: refers to thunder and lightning, which is a strong lightning phenomenon that occurs between clouds and the ground. "There is a lack of thunderbolts, and the hills are destroyed. —Don Li Bai, "Sleepwalking in the Sky and Leaving Farewell".

3. [Heavenly Drum]: The drum struck by the gods. Legend has it that the clouds and drums are thundering. "I want to climb the dragon to see the Lord, Lei Gong banged the sky-shaking drum. ”

1. Tang Li Bai "Liang Fu Yin".

4. [Connecting Drums]: Connected drums, legend has it that Lei Gong struck this and turned into thunder, "when he heard the sound of the drums, he scattered and threw the pot light. —Emperor Jianwen of Liang in the Southern Dynasty

5. [Thunder]: Thunder.

Thunder is thunder. —Erya Shakti

6. [Sound of the Sky]: For the sound of the sky, such as thunder, wind, etc., "Climb the long flat thunder and drums, and the sound of the sky is fierce."

Yihan Yangxiong "Ganquan Fu".

7, [Mr. Shocking]: Thunder's nickname "Mr. Shocking, the voice of thunder; 1. Song Taogu "Qing Yilu Astronomy".

8. [Huo Shan]: Electricity, lightning.

The golden snake flew like Huo flashed, and the silver rope was long hanging upside down during the day. —Don Gu Yun, Tianwei.

9. [緽緽] [huo shan]: refers to electric light. "There is no definite word for the disease of vulgar electric light, and it seems that Huo Shan is not as quaint as it is to protect it. "Stool stove.

Yiqing Zhai Hao, "Popular Edition: Astronomy".

10. [Column Missing]: Where the lightning flashes during thunder, it is like lightning that cracks a gap in the sky.

Thunder uses electricity as a whip, and the electric light is said to be lacking. —Huainanzi" recorded.

11. [Silver Suo]: A metaphor for heavy rain or lightning "Thunder cracks the big Yao urn, and the electricity lingers wet the silver rope." —Song Yang Wanli, "Looking at the Rain".

12. [Clairvoyance]: Another name for lightning. "Mr. Shocking, the voice of thunder also; Clairvoyant, the shape of electricity. - Song Tao Gu, "Qing Yilu Astronomy".

13, [Purple Golden Snake]: The light of thunder and lightning "The rain passes through the tide and the rivers and seas are blue, and the electric light turns on the purple golden snake." "A Song Su Shi "Wanghai Tower Evening Scene, Cross Wind and Rain into the Building".

Causes of the formation of lightning.

In thunderstorm clouds, air currents generate static electricity due to the friction and decomposition of water molecules. There are two types of electricity. One is the positive charge with the positively charged particles, and the other is the negative charge with the negatively charged particles.

Positive and negative charges attract each other, like magnets. The positive charge is at the upper end of the cloud, and the negative charge attracts the positive charge on the ground at the lower end of the cloud. The air between the clouds and the ground is both an insulator that prevents the current of the charge at the poles from passing through.

When the charge in the thundercloud and the charge on the ground become strong enough, the two parts of the charge will break through the air barrier and come into contact to form a strong current, and the positive charge and the negative charge will come into contact. When these opposite-sex charges meet, a neutralizing effect (discharge) occursThe intense neutralization of the charge emits a large amount of light and heat, and these emitted light forms [lightning].

Most lightning bolts are connected twice. The first time it is called a pilot flash, it is an invisible air called a leader, and it goes down to the place close to the ground. This stream of live air acts like a wire, creating a path for the second current.

The moment the lead approaches the ground, a reconnect current jumps up along the path, and the flash produced by the reconnect is what we normally see as lightning.

The cause of thunder.

It is now known that when the charge is neutralized, a large amount of light and heat is emitted, and a large amount of heat is released in an instant, which heats the surrounding air to a high temperature of 30,000 degrees Celsius. When a strong electric current passes through the air, it causes the air along the way to expand suddenly, and at the same time pushes the surrounding air, causing the air to vibrate violently, and the sound produced at this time is [thunder].(Don't forget to tell your little one that thunder and lightning happen at the same time, because the speed of light is much faster than the speed of sound, so we always see lightning before we hear it.)

If lightning strikes closely, we hear a deafening rumble. If lightning falls far away, we hear the rumbling of thunder. This is because of the echoes emitted by sound waves when they are refracted by the atmosphere and reflected by objects on the ground.

Lightning is a strong discharge phenomenon between clouds and clouds, between clouds and the ground or between various parts of the cloud body, usually the storm clouds produce electric charges, the bottom layer is yin electricity, the top layer is yang electricity, and it also produces a positive charge on the ground, moving with the clouds like a shadow.

Thunder is an atmospheric sounding phenomenon produced by lightning. Due to the lightning discharge, the air in the lightning channel instantly generates high temperature and high pressure, and the volume expands rapidly, causing an agitation wave propagating around the channel, which rapidly decays and degenerates into powerful audible waves and infrasound waves in a short distance.

How are lightning and thunder formed?

That is God's business, and no one knows.

How do lightning and thunder occur?

How are lightning and thunder formed?