The cause of death of the world s first pig heart transplant patient was announced, how high is the

First of all, pigs have similar human organ specifications to humans. In addition, we have been feeding pigs for thousands of years, and the carnivorous nature is similar. Easy to breed and feed.

In addition, six freely accepted human genes were inserted, and one gene was eventually removed. This genetics are to prevent the pig heart from growing too large and to prevent it from increasing the difficulty factor of transplantation.

What is the similarity between a pig heart and a human heart?

The cardiovascular size of pigs is similar to that of the human brain, and the driving output of its pipes is similar, with a body temperature of 36 to 37 in humans and 36 to 37 in pigs. The heart rate of a human being is 60 to 100 minutes, and the heart rate of a pig is 55 to 60 minutes. The function of the heart is to pump blood.

Human cardiovascular disease does not necessarily evolve to the point where it is necessary to be unique. Only when there are requirements will it evolve. For example, the lungs of birds will go down without requirements.

For example, if the fingers and ears of human feet do not change, they will remain in their original state, such as the great white shark. Only the hands and other body organs of the human brain have evolved to varying degrees. Evolution is not from one microorganism to another higher level of residential life, but survival of the fittest.

What is the success rate of a heart transplant?

The pass rate for heart transplants is 95 percent, and the survival rate for one year after a heart transplant is 85 to 90 percent, with a mortality rate of about 4 percent each year thereafter. 50% to 80% of patients will have at least one rejection, and most patients have no significant major manifestations, but 5% will have left ventricular dysfunction or atrial arrhythmias.

The peak of rejection after heart transplantation is about a month, gradually decreases over the next five months, and remains stable for about a year. One year after heart transplantation, most patients can reach a level of cardiac function, and more than 70% of patients can be restored to full-time education. Patients who survive after heart transplantation for 1 year have good functional recovery, but the level of fitness is still significantly lower than normal, and cardiac function may gradually improve with time and central nervous system function repair.

It could reach 70%, and at that time, there was no one transplant and only survived for two months. It can be said that such an approach is particularly unreliable, and the life will not be very long.

It can reach 50% to 60% and will not survive at all in the end, and will only remain for about 20 to 30 days.

The compatibility of a pig's heart with a human is very high, and there are cases where a pig's heart is transplanted to a human.

At present, the expert's explanation is that the virus of the pig heart is the same as the biological source of the pig itself, and each organism will produce specific viruses and bacteria, which may not harm its own biological carrier and may even be beneficial to the body, but once it enters the body of different organisms, it will produce the possibility of rejection or death, just like poisonous snakes and spiders can produce lethal venom, but in daily life, I have never heard of snakes and spiders poisoning themselves.

Why was pig heart chosen as the first choice for transplantation?

In medicine, pig hearts are often used to learn and train people on heart structures to dissect people's heart structures, and even some structures of pig hearts can be used to repair part of the damage to people's hearts. This is because humans and pigs are relatively close in size and have essentially the same heart structure. So the pig heart and the pig heart are indeed very close in terms of appearance design.

But there is one big difference, and that is the color of the heart fat. All fat cells in the human body are pale yellow, and the fat of commonly used pigs, sheep, and cattle is grayish-white.

What to expect from a heart transplant?

There must be a comprehensive standard for a heart transplant. At this stage, the heart transplant is the brain-dead quotient of choice, which is suitable for patients with extraneous heart disease that cannot be reversed by drugs. Hospital outpatient clinics, clinics, laboratories, etc. should have a certificate of qualification for heart transplantation.

In addition, there are regulations on the level of qualifications of doctors. Before surgery, attention should be paid to comprehensive examination and ultrasound diagnosis, and the current age of the business is slowly opened, and close cooperation should be paid attention to. At this stage, brain-dead donors are selected for heart transplantation.

The creation of the brain death method reduces the lack of origin of human organs, and the remote improvement of human organs further solves the problem of shortage, but the heart is still limited by ischemic time. The quality of the heart** is not only related to the success and failure of the transplant, but also a major factor in determining the survival time and organ function of the IVF protein kinase. Therefore, it is especially important to choose the right heart**.

Experts say that the main risk of human transplantation of animal organs is new infections, some viruses can lurk in transplanted animal organs without causing disease, and if a similar infection develops after transplanting an organ, it may eventually lead to the loss of vital features.

It is believed that the risk of transplanting animal organs does not lie in animal organs, and that the new virus brought by himself has nothing to do with transplantation.

Experts say it's true, but further research is needed to know why.

Transplanting pig hearts is still a risky optionPig organs are not like primate organs, although primates and humans have a higher matching rate, but the primate organs carry viruses in humans will be easier to survive, so it is likely to cause death after transplantation, pigs are more suitable in comparison, although pigs have more cases in the use of human transplantation, and there are a lot of experience, pig heart valves, pig pancreatic cells have successfully entered the human body. Pigskin was also used as a temporary graft for burn patients, but of course the transplantation of the entire organ was still not successful, so this operation was also a very risky attempt. <>

Rejection of foreign organs by the immune systemThe human body's immune system is a system that protects the human body in normal times, and in the face of foreign viruses or objects that are considered to be threatening, the immune system will be activated to destroy the invading objects, and it is very likely to produce excessive immunity on the way to elimination, damage their own cells and tissues, cause great damage to the human body, and may even die, so there may be a problem of immune rejection when transplanting pig hearts, after all, the technical means of transplanting xenogeneous hearts are not mature. This is one of the reasons why heart transplant recipients die suddenly after two months. <>

It is possible that the virus infected with the pig caused the deathIn the process of transplanting a xenogeneous heart, not only is there a risk to the immune system, but even if the immune system successfully accepts the transplanted heart, it will also face the attack of the virus; There will be more or less viruses in the body of pigs, and the virus inside the pig heart will also enter the human body after the transplantation is completed, although it is not as suitable for the human body as the virus of primates such as monkeys, but it will also cause great harm to the human body, so the death of the transplant patient may be killed by the virus carried in the heart of the pig, although he died, but he has accumulated valuable experience for transplanting xenogeneous hearts and promoted the development of medicine. <>

Mainly, allogeneic transplants are mutually exclusive. Because it is a different type of transplant surgery, the most common thing that occurs after surgery is rejection, and if this reaction occurs, it will usually lead to the failure of the operation.

I think the cause of his death is due to many factors, first of all, although this heart is very similar to humans, but after all, it is a pig's heart, which is easy to reject humans, and after transplantation, there is no follow-up care, resulting in wound infection, and it is also prone to any problems.

First, the body's immunity, second, rejection, third, health, fourth, whether there is disease, fifth, the environment in which you live, and so on.

Introduction: From a medical point of view, this is also a very brave attempt. Because some relevant medical examinations and data evaluation must have been done before the transplant, although the patient passed away, it promoted the development of medicine from another point of view. <>

Probably most people felt a little sad when they saw the news, because Qinglu eventually passed away from this patient. But at this time, there are also some people who feel that from a medical point of view, this operation is also a very brave attempt. Because in this process, we have collected a lot of data, and at the same time, it has laid a certain foundation for the future development of medicine.

So this patient is very great, and it is because of his dedication that this operation can go smoothly. This surgery is also the first in the world, so it can be seen that scientists and patients have worked together. <>

I heard that many people also have a general understanding of this operation, because this patient's condition is very serious, but he can't wait for a suitable heart. So at this time, the researchers came up with a new method, which was to transplant pig hearts to patients. Some relevant studies and data evaluation were also done before the transplantation, and the data after the surgery were also very normal, and the patients did not have any other adverse reactions.

Although the man eventually left, his dedication also led to the development of medicine in the valley belt. Because in the process of surgery, it also brought new insights to scientists, and also provided them with some other ideas. <>

When most people saw this news, they felt a little incredulous. Because everyone didn't expect that pig hearts could be transplanted into human bodies, at this time, netizens also put forward some of their own ideas, and they thought that it could be replaced by the hearts of other animals. In response to this idea, the people concerned also made this choice, and the reason why everyone made such a choice is because the heart of a pig is similar to the heart of a human.

So researchers have been working in this direction, and at the same time want to find completely new methods.

It's a miracle, but this patient only lived for two months after receiving a pig's heart, and then died, which is a big step forward in the surgery because the technique is uncertain so far, and then the baby is not mature, but it is very likely that many related cases will be completed later.

This result is relatively normal, because the pig world is different from the human body, and there will be some rejection reactions in this way, and the heart is not able to operate normally.

From a medical point of view, the patient has been very successful, and it may have been due to other physical causes that caused physical damage and died.

Globally, porcine heart transplant patients are being treated for death or infection due to swine viruses, which can be avoided. The first is that the pig donor should be in a sterile environment during the breeding process, and the second is that the pig heart should be physically examined before it is removed, and the pig heart should be placed in some sterilized equipment after being removed. In addition, if the corresponding viral infection is detected after the transplant, targeted drugs can be used**.

It is necessary to explain and analyze the reasons why this can be avoided from the following four aspects.

1. Pig donors should be in a sterile environment during the breeding process

First of all, the pig donor should be in a sterile environment in the process of breeding, which is a very necessary means, because for pigs, if they live in some dirty environment, it is easy to cause infection of body organs, which is not conducive to the subsequent transplantation of pig hearts, and it will be very dangerous if blindly transplanted.

Second, the heart of the pig should be examined on the pig when the money is taken out

The second is that the pig's heart should be taken out before the pig should be fully examined, which is very necessary, the main purpose is to verify whether the health status of the corresponding pig donor is normal, if the normal situation can be arranged for the later transplantation, if it is not healthy, the heart transplant plan should be canceled.

3. After the pig's heart is removed, it should be placed in some sterilization equipment

In addition, the pig's heart should be placed in some sterilized equipment before transplantation, which is also a measure that must be done, because only in this way can the corresponding pig heart be guaranteed not to be infected by external bacteria or viruses, so that it can better prepare for subsequent transplantation.

4. Targeted drugs can be used if the corresponding viral infection is found after transplantation**

In addition, after transplantation, it is found that the corresponding viral infection can be carried out with targeted drugs**, which is very consuming**For many viral infections, because the corresponding targeted drugs will identify the corresponding viruses and destroy them, so that the number of viruses will be sharply reduced and finally disappear.

Precautions for transplantation:

The transplant should be performed in a high-class hospital.

At present, there is a way to avoid it, because as long as the pig virus destroys the vector and develops a certain antibody, the pig virus can be eliminated.