What causes emphysema? How should emphysema be treated?

Most of the causes of the disease are related to long-term smoking, and long-term exposure to air pollution may also cause emphysema. The main pathological stage of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and emphysema is small airway obstruction, which causes insufficient oxygen to a certain extent, usually accompanied by carbon dioxide retention, which can lead to respiratory failure and heart failure, endangering the transportation of blood oxygen content and the fusion and release of oxygen and hemoglobin concentration, and finally causing insufficient oxygen in the institution.

The causes of emphysema are complex, and according to research, the vast majority of emphysema is related to smoking, and a small part is related to occupational environment and other factors. Emphysema is not OK**.

The pathological basis for the formation of emphysema is bronchioleal obstructive ventilation abnormalities and an imbalance of alveolar elastase. To put it simply, due to external factors, such as nicotine in cigarettes, various chemical gases, and polluted atmosphere, bronchioles lumen dilate, gas retention, and alveolar elasticity weakens, resulting in excessive inflation and expansion of alveoli. This process repeats itself and accumulates over time to form emphysema.

In patients with emphysema, chest tightness and shortness of breath are predominantly caused and worsen over the years. Emphysema is an irreversible change, and once it occurs, it can only delay the progression, not **. **Emphysema, the first thing to do is to stop smoking and then do pulmonary function exercises, adjuvant bronchodilators to improve symptoms.

Emphysema is a disease that can affect people's lives. At first, the disease causes shortness of breath only when exercising and walking uphill, but as the disease worsens, it will also feel shortness of breath on the flat ground and when resting, and some patients will have purple lips, fingernails, and toenails.

Emphysema disease? According to experts, emphysema refers to a pathological state in which the airway elasticity of the distal end bronchioles is reduced, over-inflated, inflated and the lung volume is increased, or accompanied by the destruction of the airway wall.

According to its cause, there are several types of emphysema: senile emphysema, compensatory emphysema, interstitial emphysema, focal emphysema, paraseptal emphysema, and obstructive emphysema.

The clinical manifestations of the disease are mild, and the degree of emphysema is important. In the early stage, you may feel asymptomatic or feel shortness of breath only during labor or exercise. As emphysema progresses, the difficulty of breathing becomes worse and the breath is still short of breath even with a little activity or even complete rest.

Patients feel fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, and fullness in the upper abdomen. Accompanied by cough, sputum and other symptoms, typical emphysema patients with increased anterior and posterior diameter of the chest, barrel-shaped chest, weakened respiratory movements, weakened voice tremor, percussion too clear, cardiac dullness narrowed, liver dullness moved downward, breath sounds decreased, sometimes dry and wet rales can be heard, and heart sounds are low and distant.

How is emphysema?In fact, emphysema is a morphological condition in which a morphological change occurs in the lungs. If it has been damaged, it cannot be reversed, and it is impossible to restore it to the same state as before.

**The main purpose is to recover some lesions in time while they are in progress. Another part is to delay the decline of lung function and protect the existing lung function. **In addition to the acute phase, full anti-infection**, there are the following:

1. Long-term inhalation of bronchodilator drugs. If emphysema reaches a certain level, hormone drugs are added.

2. Supplemental oxygen therapy, if the blood oxygen is relatively poor and supplemental oxygen therapy is required, it is recommended to inhale oxygen for more than 10 hours a day. If the condition is severe and there is respiratory failure, it is best to recommend a non-invasive ventilator.

As a relatively common lung disease, emphysema is not to be underestimated. Since emphysema is not obvious, many people get into some ** mistakes that lead to worsening of the condition. So, what kind of disease is emphysema?Can emphysema be cured?

Can emphysema be cured?What kind of disease is emphysema?Can emphysema be cured?

Wang Jiyong, deputy director of the Department of Thoracic Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, pointed out that many people confuse emphysema with lung cancer and consider emphysema to be an advanced disease. This understanding is wrong. Emphysema is a serious lung disease that is common in older people.

Refers to a pathological state in which the distal bronchioles of the distal bronchioles have decreased airway elasticity, overdistention, distension, increased lung volume, or are accompanied by destruction of the airway wall. Those who smoke for a long time have a higher risk.

Emphysema is a benign lesion of the lungs that does not develop into lung cancer on its own. However, some elderly patients often coexist with lung cancer and emphysema, so it is particularly important to evaluate lung function in these patients, especially before surgery. Therefore, it is a mistake to think that emphysema is an advanced disease or to equate emphysema with lung cancer, which requires the attention of most patients.

Wang Jiyong, deputy director of emphysema, explained that emphysema is a chronic disease, and clinical efforts can only be made to slow down the progression of the disease, and the purpose of the first is to improve respiratory function and improve the patient's ability to work and live. Therefore, attention should be paid to eliminating the reversible factors of airway obstruction, controlling sputum production, eliminating and preventing airway infection, and controlling complications such as arterial hypoxemia and vasoconstriction. The above is a detailed answer to whether the pneumophysema can be the best, I believe that everyone has a clearer and more scientific understanding of emphysema, and a correct understanding of emphysema will help everyone to correct emphysema in the future.

Although the current level of medical technology cannot ** this disease, if the patient can actively cooperate with the doctor's clinical **, then the development of the disease can be well controlled, the condition is in a relatively stable state, so as to reduce the occurrence of some unnecessary troubles.

It is a lung disease caused by over-inflation of the lungs, and there are many types of this disease. It is necessary to visit the respiratory department of the hospital in time and undergo an examination by taking an x-ray**.

This is due to excessive distension of the terminal bronchioles, so you should pay more attention to throat problems and vascular problems.

2.Air pollution: Long-term exposure to harmful substances in the air, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, can sting and irritate lung cells, leading to emphysema.

2.Medications**: Patients with emphysema can be relieved by using medications such as bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, etc.

4.Chronic bronchitis: People who have suffered from chronic bronchitis for a long time are prone to develop emphysema.

4.Respiration: Breathing is the improvement of respiratory function in people with emphysema by exercising and training the respiratory muscles.

1.Dysphagia: Patients with emphysema often experience difficulty breathing, especially during activity or labor.

2.Cough: Patients often cough, especially in the morning.

The specific symptoms of emphysema depend on the severity of the emphysema, generally if the disease is in the early stage, there are no obvious symptoms, or only during labor, or when exercising, there will be shortness of breath. As the disease progresses, the degree of dyspnea will worsen slowly, and even if you move a little or are at rest, you will still feel short of breath.

Emphysema develops slowly, and patients not only feel shortness of breath, but also have systemic symptoms, such as fatigue, poor appetite, upper abdominal distension and other symptoms, accompanied by cough, sputum and other manifestations. For typical emphysema, there will be an increase in the anterior and posterior diameter of the chest, a barrel-shaped chest, and at the same time, there is a weakening of respiratory movement, and the phenomenon of weakened voice tremor can also be found by the doctor's percussion, such as the narrowing of the dullness of the heart, the downward movement of the dullness of the liver, the decrease of breath sounds, etc., and some can also hear dry and wet rales, and there are manifestations of low heart sounds.

Emphysema can lead to some complications, such as spontaneous pneumothorax, respiratory failure, gastric ulcer, etc., so for patients with emphysema, it must be prevented and treated in time, and there are many methods, such as the use of dilating bronchial drugs, or the choice of effective antibiotics, physics, etc., patients can follow the doctor's advice according to the situation.

The above is about some of the symptoms of emphysema, it can be seen that emphysema is very harmful if it is serious, especially it can lead to the occurrence of some complications, so if there are symptoms of emphysema in life, such as poor breathing, shortness of breath and other symptoms, it is necessary to pay attention to it, see a doctor for examination, so as to find the condition in time and prevent it in time.

: Most of the people with emphysema are smokers, and after old age, they form old and slow branches, and slowly form emphysema and even pulmonary bullae. Therefore, the first step before ** is to quit smoking.

If symptoms of emphysema have developed, such as difficulty breathing after exertion, an inhaler, such as an inhaled 2-receptor agonist, can be used usually to avoid spontaneous pneumothorax. If chronic respiratory failure is already developing, it's best to have a home oxygen concentrator or noninvasive ventilator for respiratory support.

The main symptoms of emphysema include chronic cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, dyspnea, chest tightness and other symptoms, and in the late stage, it can be manifested as weight loss and loss of appetite. **Approaches include smoking cessation, use of medications such as bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, expectorants, and long-term home oxygen therapy. In the acute phase**, infection control and prevention of acute exacerbations are the main focus.

Emphysema typically presents with chest tightness after exertion, shortness of breath, and dyspnea. As the disease progresses, lung function becomes worse and shortness of breath becomes worse after activity. In severe cases, there are significant restrictions on life, work, and study.

If there is a bacterial infection, symptoms of fever, cough, and yellow purulent sputum may occur. Therefore, if emphysema occurs, it should be actively carried out to prevent the occurrence of various complications.

Emphysema is the alveoli burst, gas leakage outside, **emphysema, if it is not serious, it is conservative**, wait for the gas to be slowly absorbed, if it is very serious, you have to insert a tube into it to exhaust.

Emphysema is a disease caused by decreased airway elasticity, over-expansion, inflation and increased lung volume at the distal end of the bronchioles, and some patients will also be accompanied by a pathological state of airway wall destruction, which has a very serious impact on the patient's physical health and needs to be treated in a timely manner. The main symptoms of severe emphysema are as follows:

1. Patients with cough and phlegm emphysema often hear their cough and often have a history of cough and phlegm for many years. Generally, patients have mild cough and sputum during the stabilization period, and will cough up white sticky sputum; If cough and sputum production are aggravated when there is a respiratory tract infection, the symptoms of purulent sputum will appear;

2. With the development of the disease, patients will have symptoms such as fatigue, poor appetite, and weight loss, which is very common in elderly patients with emphysema;

3. Some patients will have certain symptoms of fever and infection, which will cause great harm to the patient's body;

4. There will be symptoms such as drowsiness or irritability, mental disorders, headaches, etc., and some patients will have excessive sweating, hand asterixis, etc. in normal living conditions, which mostly indicates the possibility of respiratory failure, which needs to be carried out in time**;

5. Due to certain lung problems, patients will have oliguria, edema of the lower limbs, cyanosis of the lips and fingers, palpitation, etc., which may indicate that the patient may have cor pulmonale and right heart failure.

Emphysema medications** or infusions** are preferred. If it is not carried out in time**, it is very likely that there will be dyspnea and respiratory failure, so some antibacterial drugs can also be treated by glucocorticoids**, if it is severe emphysema, glucocorticoid drugs cannot be used.

The clinical symptoms of emphysema include dry cough, phlegm, etc., and when the condition is severe, it often occurs with poor breathing, and in the early stage of emphysema, it is only after labor, when going up stairs, and when going uphill, the main manifestations such as shortness of breath and poor breathing often occur. As the condition worsens, patients can feel chest tightness and shortness of breath when moving on flat ground, even when resting, and are prone to recurrent respiratory infections, and when secondary infections occur, the symptoms will be exacerbated. Emphysema can not be completely **, can only be controlled by drugs, can only be treated with lung inflammation and infection aggravation, as soon as possible to give patients the use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, such as third-generation cephalosporin or penicillin drugs and melopenem or imipenem and other drugs to control.

The symptoms of emphysema are related to the severity of the disease, and most of them have no obvious symptoms in the early stage, and respiratory symptoms and systemic symptoms may appear as the disease progresses; Methods include general, medical, and surgical.

1. Clinical symptoms.

1) Respiratory symptoms: manifested as chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea, etc., especially aggravated after activity; If there is a co-infection of the respiratory tract, symptoms such as respiratory acidosis may also occur.

2) Systemic symptoms: such as fatigue, headache, weight loss, edema, etc., and coma may occur in severe cases.

2. Method.

1) General**: such as staying away from environmental pollution, appropriate oxygen therapy, nutritional support, etc., suitable for patients with no obvious symptoms or hypoxemia in the early stage.

2) Drugs**: If the symptoms of dyspnea are more obvious, bronchodilators can be used, which can also relieve the symptoms of emphysema discomfort; If there is phlegm in the throat that cannot be coughed up, expectorant drugs are used to promote rapid discharge of sputum.

3) Surgery**: Common surgical methods include surgical lung volume reduction, lung transplantation and transbronchoscopic lung volume reduction, etc., which are suitable for patients with more serious conditions.