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Neptune, the eighth planet in order of proximity to the Sun, was discovered on September 23, 1846 by its perturbation of Uranus' orbit, calculated by the French astronomer Jean-Les Verrier. The German astronomer Gahler was the first person to observe the planet by its calculated position. This discovery is seen as an example of the precision of the theory of planetary motion.

Neptune's rotation period cannot be determined by observing the movement of surface landmarks due to its distance and dim luminosity, even with large telescopes. In 1928, the autorotation period was measured by observing the Doppler shift of the spectral line, and the current rotation period (see the table below) is mFrom the analysis of about 300 infrared observations, Belton et al. determined that Neptune's rapid rotation gives it an oblateness of 1 50 (i.e., the equatorial radius is about 500 km longer than the polar radius).

On April 7, 1968, Neptune occultated the star, and through the observation of this event, it was determined that its equatorial diameter was 50,950 km, which is very small from the current data. Neptune is slightly green with a telescope, and in 1932 it was proved that the strong absorption lines in the infrared region of Neptune's spectrum were caused by methane. Its atmosphere is rich in hydrogen and helium, and its atmospheric temperature is about -205°C, which is higher than expected from solar radiation, suggesting that either Neptune's subatmosphere has a greenhouse effect or that it has an inherent heat source.

1846, WRussell discovered the retrograde Triton, which was calculated to be approaching Neptune, and may in the future break into Neptune's rings, and discovered Triton in 1949.

The average temperature of Neptune's clouds is -193°C to -153°C, and the atmospheric pressure is about 1-3 Pa. The orbit around the Sun has a radius of 4.5 billion kilometers and takes 165 years to complete one revolution. Neptune is equal in brightness and can only be seen through telescopes.

It has a diameter of 49,400km, which is twice the size of the Earth. Its equatorial radius is about 641 km longer than its polar radius. Neptune has a volume of about 57 times the volume of the Earth and a mass of times the mass of the Earth, with an average density of .

The surface gravitational acceleration is slightly greater than that of the Earth, at 1,180 cm s2 at the poles and about 1,100 cm s2 at the equator. The escape velocity of the object on the surface is. Neptune has 6 moons and 5 rings.

3。The surface gravitational acceleration is slightly greater than that of the Earth, at 1,180 cm s2 at the poles and about 1,100 cm s2 at the equator. The escape velocity of the object on the surface is.

Neptune has 6 moons and 5 rings.

Since Neptune is a pale blue planet, people call it Neptune according to the traditional planetary nomenclature. Neptune is the god of the sea who rules the sea in Roman mythology, and holds 1 3 of the universe and is quite powerful.

Basic Information.

Baiji dolphin (bái jì tún), which has lived in the Yangtze River for about 25 million years, is an ancient relict of the Miocene and Pliocene that has survived to this day. The baiji dolphin is a small individual member of the cetacean family, and is the one with the lowest number of surviving heads among the five species of freshwater dolphins in the world (La pufferfish, sub-pufferfish, Ganges pufferfish, Indian pufferfish, and baiji dolphin). Due to its extremely small number, the baiji dolphin is not only listed as a first-class protected animal in China, but also one of the 12 most endangered animals in the world.

Originally belonging to the freshwater dolphin family, at the end of the 70s of the 20th century, according to the suggestion of the Chinese scientist Professor Zhou Kaiya, the Baiji dolphin family was established separately. It is the only species of the genus of the family Cetaceans.

Chinese name]: Baiji dolphin.

Latin name]: Lipotes Vexillifer (Miller, 1918).

Common name]: White Dolphin, White Sided Dolphin, White Flag, referred to as White.

English name]: Yangtze River Dolphin [National Key Protected Animal Level]: Grade 1 (listed as a first-class endangered animal in 1995) [International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)]: Endangered.

Endemic species]: Yes.

Endangered Status]: Endangered animals.

International Convention on Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES)]: Appendix I [Ecology and Environment]: Freshwater and brackish water confluence waters.

Risk factors]: return travel is cut off, overhunting, environmental pollution, busy shipping [protection measures]: ex situ protection.

Domestic distribution]: Yangtze River (Yangtze River), Qiantang River (Qiantang Jiang) [Dongting Lake and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River].

Classification Status]:

Animalia

Chordata of the phylum Chordates

Mammalia

Cetacea

Odontoceti of the toothed whale suborder

White dolphinidae lipotidae

Lipotes

White dolphin species L vexillifer

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The white-sided dolphin (scientific name: Lipotes vexillifer), also known as white-sided whale, white-fin whale, white-fin whale, white flag, white clip, blue-finned fish, Jiangma, Chinese finless porpoise, Yangtze finless porpoise and Yangtze river pufferfish, etc., is an endemic freshwater cetacean in China, only produced in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In the 80s of the 20th century, due to various reasons, the population of white-sided dolphins plummeted, and in 2002 it was estimated that there were less than 50 individuals, and they were known as "giant pandas in the water". The white-sided dolphin is a family of its own, listed as a national first-class wild protected animal, and one of the 12 most endangered animals in the world. On August 8, 2007, a report was published in the journal "Royal Society Bioletterhead", officially announcing the functional extinction of the white-sided dolphin.