What is a model organism and what are the characteristics of a model organism

Biologists conduct scientific research on selected biological species to reveal a certain life phenomenon with universal laws, and in this case, the selected biological species is a model organism. For example, Mendel used peas as experimental materials to reveal the genetic laws of the biological world, while Morgan used fruit flies as experimental materials, and in their research, peas and fruit flies were model organisms for studying the genetic laws of organisms. Due to evolutionary reasons, the basic mode of many life activities is conserved in various biological species on Earth, which is the basic basis for the success of model organism research strategies.

The choice of a model organism depends first on what scientific question the researcher wants to solve, and then on the species that can best help solve the problem. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was discovered that the problem of developmental phenomena could be partially answered if the focus was on relatively simple organisms. Because these organisms are easier to observe and experimentally manipulate, in addition to genetic research, model organism research strategies have been widely used in developmental biology, and some species are recognized as excellent model organisms, such as nematodes, fruit flies, Xenopus laevis, salamanders, mice, etc.

With the completion of the Human Genome Project and the advent of the post-genomic research era, more attention has been paid to model organism research strategies. The structure and function of genes can be studied in other suitable organisms, and the physiological and pathological processes of human beings can also be simulated by suitable organisms.

At present, the most widely used model organisms in the field of population and health include bacteriophages, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, sea urchins, fruit flies, zebrafish, Xenopus toads, and mice. It is more commonly used in botanical research, such as Arabidopsis thrain, rice, etc.

With the development of life science research, new species will be used as model organisms. But they will have some basic things in common:

1) It is beneficial to the researcher's concern and can represent a certain large group of biological kingdoms;

2) harmless to humans and the environment, easily accessible and easy to raise and breed in the laboratory;

3) Short generations, many offspring, and clear genetic background;

4) Easy to perform experimental operations, especially with genetic manipulation methods and phenotypic methods.

A model organism is an organism that is often used in experiments and is clearly understood, and most of the model organisms have already figured out every gene. Common model organisms include fruit flies, mice, zebrafish, nematodes, and Arabidopsis thaliana in plants.

The characteristics of model organisms are:

1) Physiological characteristics can eliminate a certain category of destruction groups in the biological world;

2) easy to obtain and easy to raise and breed in the laboratory;

3) Easy to perform experimental operations, especially genetic analysis.

Biologists conduct scientific research on selected biological species to reveal a certain life phenomenon with universal laws, and in this case, the selected biological species is the model organism.

Peculiarity. 1) It is beneficial to the researcher's concern and can represent a certain large group of biological kingdoms;

2. It is harmless to the human body and the environment, easy to obtain and easy to raise and breed in the experimental Xinla room;

3) Short generations, many offspring, and clear genetic background;

4. It is easy to carry out experimental operations, especially the methods of liquid Zen and phenotypic analysis with genetic manipulation.

Biologists conduct scientific research on selected species of organisms to reveal a certain universal phenomenon of life, and in this case, the selected species is the Huiji model organism.

Peculiarity. 1) It is beneficial to the researcher's concern and can represent a certain large group of biological kingdoms;

2) harmless to humans and the environment, easily accessible and easy to raise and breed in the laboratory;

3) Short generations, many offspring, and clear genetic background;

4. It is easy to carry out experimental operations with precursors, especially with the means of genetic manipulation and phenotypic analysis.

Scientists use relatively simple organisms, that is, model organisms, to study the growth and development of complex organisms. Model organisms are characterized by distinct physiological characteristics and can represent a large group of organisms; Easy to raise and reproduce; Easy to perform genetic analysis.

Before the Nematode, well-known model organisms were yeast, sea urchin, fruit flies, etc.

With the completion of the Human Genome Project and the advent of the post-genome research era, more attention has been paid to model organism research strategies, and the structure and function of genes can be studied in other suitable organisms, and the physiological and pathological processes of human beings can also be simulated by suitable organisms.

At present, the most widely used model organisms in the field of population and health include bacteriophages, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisia, Caenorhabditis elegans, sea urchins, fruit flies, zebrafish, Xenopus laevis and mice, and Arabidopsis thaliana rice is more commonly used in botanical research.

As life science research evolves, there will be new species that people will use as model organisms, but they will have some basic things in common.

1) It is beneficial to the researcher's concern, can represent a certain large group of biological kingdoms, 2) is harmless to humans and the environment, is easy to obtain, and is easy to raise and reproduce in the laboratory, 3) has a short generation, has many offspring, and has a clear genetic background.

4) Easy to perform experimental operations, especially with genetic manipulation methods and phenotypic methods.

Scientists use relatively simple organisms, also known as model organisms, to study the growth and development of complex organisms. Model organisms are characterized by significant physiological characteristics and can represent a large group of organisms; It is conducive to feeding and reproduction; Easy to perform genetic analysis.

Yeast, sea urchins, and fruit flies are all well-known model organisms.