What are the basic requirements for biomedical materials?

The basic requirements of biomedical materials: non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-teratogenic, and do not cause the burst of human cells and the reaction of tissue cells; It has good compatibility with human tissues and does not cause poisoning, hemolysis and coagulation, fever and allergies;

Chemically stable, antibody solution, blood and enzyme action; It has physical-mechanical properties that are compatible with natural tissues; It has specific functions for different purposes.

Biomedical materials are a new type of high-tech materials used to diagnose, repair, repair and replace human tissues and organs or enhance their functions.

It is mainly a high affinity with living organisms, which is manifested in the density to be close to the replacement site, or not to play an antagonistic role with biological cells.

General biomedical materials, biomaterials for tissue engineering, and advanced controlled release carrier materials.

1. General biomedical materials.

Titanium alloy series materials;

bioceramic compounding and bioactivation;

Biomimetic and high-performance ...... polymer biomaterials

2. Biomaterials for tissue engineering.

Tissue and organ damage or defects routine**

transplantation (human or xenotransplantation);

surgical repair; artificial prostheses, mechanical devices;

methods of tissue engineering;

Natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic tissues and organs are mimicked to give them function.

3. Advanced control release of carrier materials.

controlled release purposes;

Prevent drug inactivation by releasing the required dose to the desired site within the required time and time intervals.

control of the release of biologically active substances;

Drugs with short half-life and high toxicity, protein and peptide drugs;

Genes and vaccines ......

The main characteristics of biomaterials do not include cost-effective rationality, but also functionality, compatibility, molding processability, etc.

1. Functionality of biomaterials.

Refers to a series of properties that a biomaterial should have when it has or fulfills a certain biological function. According to the application, it is mainly divided into the function of bearing or transmitting the load. Artificial bones, joints, and teeth, such as those dominated.

Control the flow of blood or body fluids. Such as artificial valves, blood vessels, etc.; Electrical, light, and sound conduction functions. Such as pacemakers, intraocular lenses, cochlea, etc.; Filling function.

Such as fillers for cosmetic surgery.

2. Compatibility of biomaterials.

Refers to the ability of biological material to effectively and permanently perform its functions in or on the body surface of living organisms. It is used to characterize the biological behavior of biological materials in the interaction of organisms with organisms.

Hemocompatibility is classified according to the part of contact between the material and the organism. The material is used for the cardiovascular system to come into contact with the blood, mainly to investigate the interaction with the blood; Contact with extra-cardiovascular tissues and organs. It mainly examines the interaction with tissues, also known as general biocompatibility; Mechanical compatibility.

Investigate the consistency of mechanical properties with organisms.

Development of biomaterials:

With the rapid development of biomaterials science and technology in the world, even in the context of the global economic downturn, biomaterials still maintain a rapid growth rate of 13% per year, which fully reflects its strong vitality and broad development prospects. Modern medicine is developing in the direction of regenerating and reconstructing damaged human tissues and organs, restoring and enhancing human physiological functions, personalization and minimally invasive**.

Traditional inanimate medical metals, polymers, bioceramics and other conventional materials can no longer meet the requirements of medical development, and biomedical materials science and engineering are facing new opportunities and challenges. In the future, the market share of biomedical materials is likely to catch up with drugs.

Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the clinical application research and promotion of biomedical materials, and focus on the development of an integrated system that closely integrates the research, development, production and marketing of biomedical materials in China. In fact, the country has made major breakthroughs in the basic research of biomaterials science, and is in the advanced ranks of the world, but the level of industrialization needs to be improved, and the industrial scale is small.

1.Biomaterials are widely used, with many varieties and different classification methods. It is usually divided into the following according to the material properties

Synthetic polymer materials (polyurethane vinegar, polyvinegar, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, lactic acid glycolic acid copolymer and other medical synthetic plastics and rubber, etc.), natural polymer materials (such as collagen, silk protein, cellulose, chitosan, etc.), metal and alloy materials (such as Chin metal and its alloys, etc.), inorganic materials (bioactive ceramics, hydroxyapatite, etc.), composite materials (carbon fiber polymers, glass fiber polymers, etc.). Depending on the purpose of the material, these materials can be classified as bioinert, bioactive, or biodegradable. These materials are used for hard and soft tissue repair and replacement through long-term implantation, short-term implantation, and surface repair, respectively.

Biomedical materials have strict requirements for their use because they are directly used in the human body or closely related to human health.