How the Earth s mountains are formed, such as plateaus, canyons, and trenches

The formation of various terrain needs to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis, and even if it is the same terrain, the reasons for its formation may be different.

Mountains are generally formed by the collision and compression of the earth's tectonic plates, such as the Himalayas and the Cordillera mountain system that runs north and south of the Americas; In addition, volcanic eruptions can also form some mountain ranges, such as Mt. Fuji, Mt. Changbai, and so on.

plateaus, many of which are formed by the uplift of the earth's crust due to the extrusion of tectonic plates; Some plateaus are formed by the accumulation of volcanic eruptions, the famous one is the Colombian plateau, the Deccan plateau in India, etc.; Some plateaus are formed by external forces, the most famous of which is the Loess Plateau in China.

Canyons are usually formed by the combined action of internal and external forces on the earth, first some mountain ranges formed by internal forces, and then the low-lying parts are further cut down due to the erosion of flowing water, and then canyons are formed, such as the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. Some are formed by internal forces alone, such as the Grand Canyon of Colorado in the United States.

The formation of ocean trenches is the same as that of mountain ranges, two plates collide and squeeze, uplift upwards will form mountains, and sinking downward will form trenches, such as the Mariana Trench, the deepest in the world, is the result of the collision and extrusion of the Pacific plate and the Eurasian plate, and the downward subduction of the Pacific plate.

It is formed due to the movement inside the earth's crust. It is the action of internal forces, such as the mountain range is plate impact, and the canyon is Zhang Lie. Formation.

The fold mountain is formed by the horizontal relative movement of the earth's crust, and the fault block mountain and the plateau are formed by the upward vertical movement of the earth's crust.

Canyons are formed by the erosion of flowing water (a combination of internal and external forces).

Ocean trenches are formed by the relative movement of oceanic and continental plates.

The result of a strong collision of plates or a move away from each other.

Squeezing and separating between sections.

The rocks in the earth's crust are constantly shaped by geological processes into high mountains. The earth's crust is composed of various different types of rocks, such as volcanic rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, etc., which can be changed and transformed under different geological processes, and eventually form mountains.

Among them, orogeny is one of the main geological processes in the formation of high mountains. In orogeny, two or more crustal plates collide or squeeze, causing the crust to bend, fracture, uplift and other deformations, thus forming mountains, plateaus and mountains. In the process of orogeny, the rocks in the earth's crust undergo complex changes and deformations, such as magma intrusion, metamorphism, weathering, etc., which together promote the changes of the rocks and eventually form mountains.

In addition, glaciation is also an important geological activity in the formation of high mountains. In glacial movement, the erosion and erosion of the surface by glaciers can erode the rocks and soils of mountains and plateaus, forming canyons, ravines and moraine moraines, and at the same time, it can also promote the uplift and formation of mountains through the accumulation and movement of glaciers.

In conclusion, the rocks in the earth's crust go through different geological processes to eventually form mountains. These geological processes may be the release and transfer of energy from the Earth's surface and interior, or they may be the effects of the external environment, such as climate change and continental drift.

The reason why the ocean becomes a high mountain is that the crust of the earth's auspicious stove is moved by various squeezing forces from the earth's interior, and the pure rocks in the earth's crust are constantly squeezed and lifted to form mountains.

There are various landforms of mountains, rivers, lakes and canyons on the surface of the earth, which are formed by the geological action of nature, which is divided into internal force and external force, and the landform form is the joint result of internal force and external force.

The energy of internal forces** comes from the Earth's interior. It is a variety of tectonic movements, including folds, faults, volcanoes, **.

The energy of the external force comes from solar radiation. Including various weathering, erosion, handling, accumulation and other effects.

Internal and external geological processes are related to each other and work together. The internal forces complicate the composition and structure of the earth's interior and crust, forming the ups and downs of the earth's surface. External forces act on the undulations of the earth's surface, both acting on the surface at the same time.

External geological processes are produced by the external energy of the earth, and it mainly occurs on or near the surface of the earthAlmost all external geological processes are involved in gravitational energy. External geological processes have changed the surface morphology and crustal rock composition.

It can be divided into the geological action of rivers, the geological action of groundwater, the geological action of glaciers, the geological action of lakes and swamps, the geological action of wind and the geological action of the ocean. According to the sequence of its occurrence, external geological processes can also be divided into weathering, slope gravity, denudation, transport, sedimentation and induration.

Internal and external geological processes are related to each other, but the development trend is opposite. The action of internal forces complicates the composition and structure of the earth's interior and crust, resulting in the ups and downs of the earth's surface. The action of external forces changes the original composition and structure of the earth's crust, flattens the undulations of the earth's surface, and develops towards simplification. In general, the action of internal forces controls the process and development of the action of external forces.

Come from the earth.

First of all, the Earth's lithosphere is made up of six plates: the Eurasian Plate, the African Continental Plate, the American Continental Plate, the Indian Ocean Plate, the Antarctic Plate, and the Pacific Plate. These plates float above the underlying asthenosphere, the Earth's mantle.

As the Earth's rotation and revolution and the gravitational pull of the Earth, the plates collide and squeeze each other. The result is that one plate will subduct downward, and another plate will be lifted, and the lifted plate will form a mountain on the surface. At the same time, a series of geological structures will be formed in the interior of the plate, such as folds and faults.

There are two types of movement for tectonic motion: one is vertical lifting motion and the other is horizontal motion. Both of these movements lead to the formation of mountains and depressions.

Under the action of these two movements, the surface of the earth is lifted or pulled apart. At the same time as the surface is uplifted, the relatively low places receive atmospheric precipitation, and rivers will open up, and the most important role of rivers in transforming the surface is the downward erosion. In the process of flowing, the river water erodes downward (also dissolves) with its own power, and the sand and gravel carried by the river water impact and friction on the riverbed, which deepens the river valley.

In the early stage of river development or the upstream section, the longitudinal section of the river valley has a steep slope and a large flow velocity, the river strongly erodes the riverbed, and the river valley continues to deepen, forming a "V" shaped canyon with steep valley slopes on both sides, such as the Yangtze River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River crossing the Yulong Snow Mountain and Zhongdian Snow Mountain and the Tiger Leaping Gorge and the Three Gorges in the middle reaches are the world-famous "V" shaped canyons. The narrowest part of the Tiger Leaping Gorge is only 40-60m wide and 3000m deep

The main reason for the formation of mountains and valleys on the earth: the result of the combined action of internal and external forces!

1. Internal force: There are six major plates on the earth that drift to form the land and ocean on the surface of the earth today, such as crustal movement, volcanoes, etc.

uplift and form plateaus, sinking lakes, seas or basin valleys; The surface of the earth becomes rugged, undulating.

External force: Under solar radiation, the earth's atmospheric system, water cycle, wind, and organisms erod, scour, transport, fill, and deposit the earth's surface all the time.

Make the surface of the earth more and more gentle and flat.

The earth's internal activities are full of boiling magma, high temperatures, high pressures, and weak parts of the earth's surface, which will cause volcanic eruptions due to excessive internal pressure, and then cool down to form the current peaks. Some of them are squeezed internally, so that the ground in a certain place protrudes, forming the current peaks, as long as a certain place on the earth is raised, there will be a place to sink down, this kind of situation is better not to be too diligent, otherwise we ??! In general, it's better to read some professional books.

Asia. Himalayas.

Bab el-Mandeb Strait. Turkish Straits.

Strait of Malacca.

Mongolian Plateau. Tibetan.

Tarim Basin.

Siberian plains.

North China and Northeast Plains.

Europe. Alps.

English Channel.

Eastern European Plain. Africa.

East African Plateau. South African Highlands.

Strait of Madagascar.

Americas. Rocky mountains.

Andes.

Brazilian Altiplano. Great Plains.

Amazon plains.

Panama Strait.

Oceania. The Great Dividing Moment.

Australia hits the basin.

The cause of tectonic plate movement causing crustal movement.

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Among the many mountain ranges in China, there is an east-west mountain range, the south of the mountain range is the basin, the north is the plateau, and it is an important geographical dividing line in China, it is the Qinling Mountains, the mountain range is the dividing line between the Loess Plateau and the Sichuan Basin

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