How does the plane change course? How does the plane control its direction

You can deflect the rudder on the vertical tail by stepping on the rudder, generate a horizontal force distance, change the nose and the direction of the flight vector, or use the ailerons to roll the aircraft at a certain angle, and use the sum of lift and gravity to provide the centripetal force of the aircraft's steering. Wish.

1. First of all, let's understand the control of the pitch direction of the aircraft. Generally, our common airplanes have a pair of small horizontal wing surfaces at the tail, called horizontal tails (referred to as flat tails). On the trailing edge of the horizontal tail, there is a rudder surface that can move up and down, called an elevator.

The elevator has the function of controlling the pitch of the aircraft. During the flight, the pilot pulls the steering stick back, and the elevator will deflect upward, so that the airflow will exert a downward force on the horizontal tail, pressing the tail of the aircraft down, so that the aircraft will raise its head and fly upward.

2. In the same way, if the pilot pushes the steering stick forward, the elevator will deflect downward, and the airflow will produce an upward force on the horizontal tail, so that the nose will sink, and the aircraft will bow its head and dive downward.

3. Look at the control of the yaw direction of the aircraft. In the middle of the tail of the common aircraft, there is a vertical wing surface, which is called the vertical tail (referred to as the vertical tail). It acts as a stabilizing effect on the deflection of the aircraft to the left or right.

The trailing edge of the vertical tail also has a movable rudder surface, called a rudder. It controls the direction of the aircraft's yaw. When the aircraft is flying, the pilot kicks the stirrups to the right, and the rudder will deflect to the right, so that the airflow will exert a force to the left on the vertical tail, so that the nose will be deflected to the right, and the aircraft will yaw to the right.

In the same way, if the pilot kicks the stirrups to the left and the rudder is deflected to the left, the aircraft will yaw to the left.

4. Finally, understand the control of the rolling direction of the aircraft. The outside of the trailing edge of the left and right wings of the aircraft has a movable rudder surface, called ailerons. The ailerons control the tilt of the aircraft to the left or right, and the angle of inclination is the slope.

When flying, the pilot presses the steering stick to the left, and the ailerons on the right side of the aircraft will deflect downward, making the right wing more curvature and lift more. At the same time, the left ailerons are deflected upward, so that the left wing has less curvature and less lift. In this way, the difference in lift from left to right causes the plane to roll to the left.

In the same way, the pilot presses the steering stick to the right, the left ailerons deflect downwards, the right ailerons deflect upwards, and the aircraft rolls to the right.

The direction is controlled by the tail (horizontal tail, vertical tail), wing upper aileron, canard, vector nozzle. Aeroplane (airplane) refers to a heavier-than-air aircraft with one or more engines that generates forward thrust or pull, and lift is generated by the fixed wings of the fuselage. The airplane is one of the most significant inventions of the early 20th century, recognized as invented by the American Wright brothers.

Their flight on December 17, 1903, was recognized by the Fédération Internationale de Nautical (FAI) as "the first controlled, sustained powered flight of a heavier-than-air aircraft", and in the same year they founded the Wright Aircraft Company. Since the invention of the airplane, the airplane has increasingly become an indispensable tool of modern civilization. It profoundly changed and affected people's lives, and opened the history of people's conquest of the blue sky.

By tail (horizontal tail, vertical tail), wing upper aileron, canard, vector nozzle.

First of all, we must know the three axes of the aircraft, and establish a three-dimensional coordinate system with the center of gravity of the aircraft as the origin, the one that runs through the nose and tail is called the longitudinal axis, the one that runs through the wing is called the horizontal axis, and the vertical one is called the vertical axis. The attitude control of the aircraft is to control the rotation of the aircraft around these three axes.

The first look at the pitch is that the aircraft rotates around the horizontal axis, which is realized by the elevator on the horizontal tail, and the elevator deviates downward, so the oncoming air will give the rudder surface an upward force, which makes the aircraft rotate around the horizontal axis, which is the downward pitch. In the same way, the elevator deviates upwards and the aircraft looks up.

The second looks at the roll, which is achieved by the aileron of the wing tip. The left aileron deviates downward, and the air will give an upward force to the wing surface, causing the aircraft to rotate around the longitudinal axis, that is, to roll right, in the same way, the left aileron is deflected upward, and the aircraft rolls left. It should be noted that the direction of movement of the left and right ailerons is opposite, because the left aileron is deflected downward, and the force obtained by the aircraft is left upward, and at the same time, the right aileron is deflected upward, and the force obtained by the aircraft is right downward, which together makes the aircraft roll right.

The third looks at yaw, which to put it bluntly is turning, which is achieved by the rudder on the vertical tail. If the rudder deviates to the left, the oncoming air will blow it to the right, giving the tail of the aircraft a moment to the right, which makes the aircraft rotate around the longitudinal axis, then the nose of the aircraft is turned left.

Finally, the left and right here refer to the left and right when the person is standing in front of the nose of the aircraft with his back to the aircraft, or when he is sitting in the cockpit.

Many modern fighters (such as the J-10) use front canards to control the flight, and some more modern fighters use vector nozzles (F22, SU35, etc.) to provide directional torque by changing the direction of the nozzle jet, so as to control the aircraft to change direction.

The steering of the aircraft is not only controlled by the vertical tail, i.e. the rudder, but also involves the attitude control of the aircraft in the three axes of the horizontal longitudinal and transverse axes, as well as the vertical axis.

To put it simply, the aircraft completes a steering action, and the pilot needs to make corresponding movements in all three axes of the aircraft to complete the steering.

It can swing from side to side by the tail wing, and if the technology can rely on the wing.

Rudder deflection on the vertical tail and the roll of the aircraft can be steered. Whereas, the roll is achieved by means of ailerons on the wing. At the same time as rolling, it is necessary to properly pull the rod (raise the head). In actual flight, rudder rotation and roll are used at the same time.

In the cockpit, turning the rudder is controlled by foot pedals, while the ailerons are achieved by rotating or swinging the joystick to the left and right.

Wheel in front of the earth. Air rudders.

There are two ways to steer the aircraft:

1. Steer by vertical tail.

2. The wing ailerons cooperate with the horizontal tail steering For example, turning to the left purely by the vertical tail steering, the pilot pushes the pedal on the left, the vertical tail deflects to the left, and the air blows to the left when passing through the vertical tail, so as to give the tail a moment to the right and push the tail of the aircraft to the right, so that the nose of the aircraft can follow the left turn.

Operation details: the wing ailerons cooperate with the horizontal tail steering, the pilot first presses the operating stick to the left, the ailerons of the left wing rise, and the airflow is deflected upwards when it passes, so as to give the left wing a downward moment, so the aircraft begins to tilt to the left; At this time, pull the operating lever again, and the horizontal tail should have been upturned, but because the plane was oblique to the left, the air blew to the left when passing through the horizontal tail, so as to give the tail a moment to the right, and push the tail of the aircraft to the right, so that the nose of the aircraft can follow to the left.

The aircraft relies on tail rudders and ailerons to achieve steering. The tail rudder is the one with the tail erected (there are also two pieces), and the rear half can swing from side to side, and the plane can turn horizontally under the action of air, which is similar to the rudder. The ailerons have the rear of the front and rear wings, which can swing up and down to control the up and down direction of the aircraft, generally with four ailerons, and different coordination (plus tail rudders) will make the aircraft make various complex movements.

Such as rolling, it is achieved by one side of the aileron up and the other side of the aileron down.

The steering is a bit more complicated, with at least two propellers.

The main propeller controls the ascent, descent and steering of the aircraft. The tail rotor is mainly used to overcome the force distance caused by the main propeller.

Prevents the fuselage from spinning. The coordinated action between the two propellers can make the aircraft tilt in different directions, and the main propeller will of course also tilt, and the aircraft will turn wherever the main propeller goes.