I d like to ask questions about some heart surgeries that should be done. 100

It seems that the basic direction of the landlord is determined! I basically agree with you. Persuasion method, explain the risks of surgery, for your grandmother who has cerebral infarction and paralysis, the key is to improve her quality of life.

Mental pleasure is important! You can communicate and guide by listening, empathy, cognition, suggestion, relaxation, motivation and other methods! For details, you can go to the Internet to check the psychological counseling methods.

There are many types of heart disease, and generally inflammatory ones do not require surgery. Congenital diseases such as congenital patent ductal closure, stenosis, insufficiency, etc., and acquired diseases such as insufficient blood supply can be operated on**. It depends on the situation.

1. The cardiopulmonary bypass thoracotomy you did at the beginning was not the kind of surgery you found on the Internet (sewing both ends of the patent catheter, and then disconnecting the catheter in the middle), but it should be an incision of the pulmonary artery, exploration from the end of the pulmonary artery, finding the ductus arteriosus, and then sewing it from the inside, there is no disconnection of the catheter at all, so your worries are unnecessary. A small amount of residual shunt is left untreated.

2. You really don't have to worry about corroding the thread off, because the sutured tissue will soon have intimal hyperplasia, which will bury the thread in the meat, and the meat and meat will grow together, and there will be no problem you said. It's like a broken bone with a steel nail, when the bone heals, the steel nail can be removed, because there is no need for steel nails to fix it, and the bone has grown on its own.

3. The expansion of the shunt really won't happen, the probability is too small, unless you encounter a serious impact, car accident, etc., and hit the heart again. As for what method you are curious about how to send the small umbrella to the location you want to go, this is under X-ray (interventional catheterization laboratory), usually from the femoral artery puncture, guided by a very thin guidewire, after sending the small umbrella to the designated position, it is released, opened like an umbrella, and clicked at the shunt site. These procedures are clearly visible on x-rays, and the doctor needs to wear a heavy lead suit to emit radiation.

In the hospital, the doctor will determine the best method for the patient's symptoms, such as medication, intervention, or bypass surgery, depending on the patient's specific situation. The advantages of intervention** are that it is less traumatic, recovers quickly, and is easily accepted by the patient. However, interventional stents have a certain range of indications, and the rate of vascular stenosis is high, and about 20% of patients may have vascular restenosis within half a year of doing ordinary stents, and the use of drug-coated stents has significantly reduced vascular restenosis.

At present, the scope of interventional coronary heart disease is becoming more and more extensive, from simple and limited single-vessel lesions and two-vessel lesions to various lesions of coronary artery stenosis in the early stage. However, interventional surgery is not suitable for all patients with coronary heart disease, and for patients with extensive lesions and special site lesions, coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is better than intervention.

Anesthesia is important for heart surgery. There are two types of heart bypass surgery: extracorporeal and off-cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, and off-cardiopulmonary bypass surgery has the advantages of less trauma and fewer complications, which can avoid organ or brain damage that may occur in cardiopulmonary bypass. These two surgical methods are commonly used in clinical practice, and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass bypass for coronary heart disease in European and American countries still accounts for a large proportion, and some even all use cardiopulmonary bypass bypass.

The development of bypass technology in China is rapid, and some hospitals have basically adopted non-cardiopulmonary bypass surgery**, but the requirements for anesthesia technology and surgery are relatively strict.

1. Congenital heart disease 1 may be related to the mother's illness or medication taken in the early stages of pregnancy. 2 Genetic related. 2. Acquired heart disease 1 Coronary heart disease:

Smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, etc., lead to hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels, which obstructs blood flow and easily causes myocardial hypoxia and damage. 2 Hypertensive heart disease: arterial hypertension leading to left ventricular hypertrophy; Pulmonary hypertension causes right ventricular hypertrophy.

3. Rheumatic heart disease Chronic rheumatic heart disease is mainly caused by the gradual change of heart valves after rheumatic fever infection. 4. Pulmonary heart disease causes pulmonary artery hypertension due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema and other defibrillation, resulting in right ventricular hypertrophy or failure. 5. Cardiomyopathy Abnormal myocardial changes in metabolism or hormones, sometimes alcoholism, and drugs also cause myocardial changes.

6. Cardiac tumors are mostly benign tumors, with mucinous tumors being the most common, and primary cardiac malignant tumors are rare.

If it's a problem with surgery, it's responsible, and if it's not, there's no responsibility.

Myocardial infarction is mainly caused by coronary atherosclerosis. Various triggers that lead to rupture, bleeding and spasm of coronary sclerotic plaques can lead to interruption of coronary blood flow and myocardial infarction, such as overwork, strenuous activities, emotional stress, anxiety, overeating, and heavy tobacco and alcohol intake. In terms of prevention, antiplatelet and lipid-lowering drugs are mainly given; Patients should also be controlled with underlying diseases such as hypertension and hyperglycemia, while maintaining good lifestyle habits and adjusting their diet.

It is estimated that the heart failure caused by the excessive fright of the elderly has little to do with the hospital, but if the person who died during the operation is related, it is because the hospital is not prepared enough and cannot be rescued in time.