Where is the Majiayao painted pottery 6 ear Banshan jar now hidden

The earth is thias, and it is impossible to be in outer space.

1. The type of Majiayao culture under the stone ridge.

In 1947, it was first discovered in Gansu Province, Wushan County, Chengguan Town, Shilingxia ruins and got its name. It belongs to the transitional relics below the Majiayao type strata of the Majiayao culture and above the bottom ditch type strata of the Yangshao culture.

Its main characteristics are: the pottery of the unearthed artifacts is mainly clay red pottery. There are also sand-filled red pottery and sand-filled gray pottery, which are mostly orange-yellow and brick-red, with a small amount of orange-red. Animals, fish, variant bird patterns and various forms of geometric patterns are its main ornaments.

Second, the type of Majiayao culture of Majiayao.

Named after the first discovery in 1924 in Linbei Majiadu, Gansu Province, the site has been announced as the third batch of key cultural relics protection units in the country in January 1988. According to many researches, it is dated to 3300 BC and 2900 BC.

On a large scale, the remains of Majiayao type are mainly distributed in the Longdong Mountains, the Longxi Plain, the southern part of Ningxia and the northwest of Qinghai, and the west to Wuwei in Gansu. Majiayao type painted pottery is mostly orange-yellow, painted patterns, all black color. The most important feature is that many of the utensils are beautifully decorated on the rim of the mouth, on the outer wall, and on the inside of the large ware.

3. Majiayao culture mid-mountain type.

It was discovered in 1924 on the second-class platform on the west bank of the Guanghe River in Gansu Province, and is the general name of many residential sites and cemeteries, including the Banshan cemetery. Its distribution range is the Longxi River valley and basin, the Hexi corridor and the eastern part of Qinghai Province.

The type of painted pottery of the mid-levels type is mainly based on small drums, single pots, amphorae and bowls, and the modeling characteristics are mainly the abdomen bulging outward, the arc is full, and it is approximately spherical. The ornamentation of the faience is bright and gorgeous, the tone is bright and warm, the pattern is fine and elegant, and the composition is dense and gorgeous. The most distinctive feature of the ornamentation is the red-and-black lines or saws on the orange-yellow clay pottery.

Fourth, the type of Majiayao cultural horse factory.

It was named after the Machangyuan that was first discovered in Minhe County, Qinghai Province in 1924. Its geographical distribution is roughly similar to that of the mid-level type, and the age is about 2350 BC to 2050 BC. The faience of the Machang type is the continuation and development of the Banshan type.

As a result, it retains the opulence and beauty of the Mid-Levels type; There are many changes and innovations; The overall style presents the characteristics of concise and simple, rough and robust; Its faience pottery is rougher, the typical zigzag pattern in the mid-mountain faience is basically absent at this time, in addition to the black and red two colors are used together, this period has developed a black line on both sides of each inlaid with a red line painting method, the appearance is attached to a layer of red pottery clothes.

Peculiarity. Architectural style.

Majiayao culture.

The ruins of the villages are generally located on the terraces on both sides of the Yellow River and its tributaries, close to water sources, and the soil is well developed. Most of the houses are semi-crypt buildings, and some are built on flat ground, and there are three types of houses: square, round and divided, with square houses being the most common.

Funeral customs. There are more than 2,000 tombs of Majiayao culture that have been excavated, and the cemetery is generally adjacent to the residence, and the public cemetery is popular, and the tombs are arranged irregularly, most of them are east or southeast. Pit tombs are prevalent, and there are rectangular, square, and round shapes.

The burial style varies according to the period and region, and there are generally upright limbs, sideways flexion and secondary burials.

Majiayao cultural pottery industry is very developed, its painted pottery inherits the Yangshao culture temple ditch type of hearty style, but the performance is more fine, forming a gorgeous and elegant artistic style, than Yangshao culture has further development, artistic achievements have reached the peak of the height. Most of the pottery is formed by the clay strip plate construction method, the pottery is orange-yellow, and the surface of the ware is very finely polished. In many Majiayao cultural relics, there are also kilns and pottery kilns, pigments, stone slabs for grinding pigments, and toning pottery dishes.

The painted pottery of Majiayao culture was dominated by pure black painted patterns in the early days; In the middle stage, pure black color and black and red colors were used to draw patterns; In the late period, black and red were used to draw patterns. The pottery process of Majiayao culture has begun to use slow wheel trimming. He also used the wheel to draw concentric circles, strings, parallel lines and other ornaments, showing skillful painting skills.

The mass production of painted pottery shows that the social division of pottery in this period has long been specialized, and specialized pottery craftsmen have appeared. The development of painted pottery is a significant feature of Majiayao culture, in all the painted pottery culture found in our country, the proportion of Majiayao culture painted pottery is the highest, and its inner color is also particularly developed, the characteristics of the era of the pattern are very distinct. Since the end of the 50s of the 20th century, with the accumulation of a large number of newly unearthed materials, the study of Majiayao cultural painted pottery has attracted more and more attention from the academic community, and has gradually formed a hot spot in the study of prehistoric culture.

After the decline of the painted pottery of Yangshao culture in the Central Plains, the painted pottery of Majiayao culture continued to develop for hundreds of years, pushing the painted pottery culture to an unprecedented height. Majiayao culture is represented by painted pottery, its vessel type is rich and colorful, the pattern is extremely rich in changes and gorgeous and colorful, it is an unparalleled wonder in the history of the development of painted pottery in the world, it is the most splendid culture created by the ancient ancestors of mankind, and it is the peak of the development of painted pottery art. It is not only the source of industrial civilization and agricultural civilization, but also the origin and development of Chinese culture and art for a long time, and its magical and brilliant artistic charm is still shaking our hearts.

Majiayao culture is a Neolithic culture with northwest regional characteristics formed by the westward development of Yangshao culture, about 6000 years ago. The people of the Majiayao culture generally lived a settled life in clans, and their settlements were mostly located on the terraces on both sides of the river. Most of their houses are crypts, with circular or square plans and stoves in the houses, which can be said to be the ancestors of classical Chinese civil engineering architecture.

During the period of Majiayao culture, people mainly based on the primitive farming economy, and the production tools were tools processed from animal bones, as well as axes, knives, chisels, adzes, shovels, sickles, etc., which were sharpened with stones. The farming method is the "fire cane planting" method of farming, and people in this period have begun to use soil turning tools.

After the decline of Yangshao culture, Majiayao culture sprung up, reached the peak of the world's ancient faience history, and created the most brilliant faience culture of mankind.

There are four types of pottery made in Majiayao culture:

1) Stone ridge type below. The largest diameter is in the abdomen, the mouth edge is mostly flat, and the variant bird pattern has become a unique pattern of the type under the stone ridge, and the abdomen is often decorated with a bipartite continuous variant fish pattern.

2) Majiayao type. The modeling characteristics of pottery such as bottles, pots, pots, saucers, and bowls are: the maximum diameter of bottles and pots is close to the shoulder of the pottery, and there are many mouths with slender and high diameters, and the mouth edge is reversed outward, and its shape is very beautiful.

The lines of the Majiayao type pattern are very smooth, and the patterns are exquisite, mostly water ripples and swirl patterns. Typical Majiayao type of faience is painted with smooth and vivid black lines, some of the pottery is painted with white color, and red color also appears in the later period. The painting method is similar to the form of gongbi painting.

Some people believe that the source of Chinese gongbi painting is Majiayao painted pottery painting.

3) Mid-levels type faience. Judging from the shape of pots, pots, bowls, and bottles, especially pots and jars, the maximum diameter of these pottery falls back close to the waist; From the point of view of the characteristics of the painting, it is composed of black and red colors, the black color has obvious zigzag lines, the pattern is gorgeous and exquisite, and its pattern inherits the water ripples of Majiayao, and then it is more exaggerated to paint into a large vortex pattern. In the later evolution of the pattern of Mid-Levels, the center point of the water ripples was gradually enlarged, and the four major circles representing the countryside were painted.

The connotation it expresses transitions from water culture to land culture.

4) Horse factory type. Painted pottery has pots, bottles, jars, bowls, basins, cups, with bottles, jars as the most, its pattern inherits the four circles of the painted pottery in the middle of the mountain, and then the four circles are reduced to two circles, and the frog god pattern is painted on the other two sides, and some are all painted with the frog god pattern. There are many forms of frog god patterns, some of which are often painted by abstract deformation and deconstruction.

The shape of its pottery is more like a round sphere extending downward from the bottom. The characteristics of its painting are: remove the zigzag pattern of the painted pottery in the middle of the mountain, paint the red color directly into the background color, express the pattern with black lines on the background color, and the painting is very rough, and its painting is similar to the form of freehand painting.

There are also people who believe that Machang painted pottery painting is the source of Chinese freehand painting.