How deep and wide is the root system of a three year old red grape?

Soil is the basis for grape growth, fruiting and abundance. Keeping the soil loose and fertile and well ventilated is the direction of vineyard management, and the main contents are: 1 Autumn tillage and soil improvement Autumn tillage and soil reform are mostly carried out in late autumn, which can improve the aeration and permeability of the soil, promote the activities of aerated microorganisms, and accelerate the decomposition and decomposition of soil organic matter.

Autumn tillage combined with fertilization can improve soil fertility, create good conditions for root growth, promote the growth of new roots, and enhance tree potential. The extent and depth of autumn ploughing depends on the age of the grapes, the distribution of the roots and the weight of the soil: ploughing a small number of fine roots has little effect on the growth of the grapes, and a large number of new roots can occur at the broken roots, increasing the absorption capacity.

2 Cultivating and weeding Cultivating is soil tillage carried out during the grape growing season, and its role is to keep the soil loose, improve aeration conditions, prevent soil moisture from evaporating, promote microbial activity, increase effective nutrients and reduce pests and diseases. Saline land can also reduce salinity rise and maintain soil moisture and fertility. Cultivating and weeding is in the season of vigorous root activity, in order to prevent root injury, the cultivation should be shallow, generally 3 4 cm.

After irrigation or rainfall, the soil should be loosened in time to prevent soil compaction and water evaporation. Cultivating 6 to 8 times a year is sufficient. The elimination of weeds in the vineyard during the growing season is an important management task, and tillage and weeding should be carried out in combination.

The combination of chemical weeding and manual weeding has a good effect. There are many types of chemical weeding, and according to the type of weeds in the garden, choose pesticides that have no effect on the grape roots. The main agent used now is thatch, which can kill a variety of grasses and weeds, and is less harmful to bileaved weeds and grapes.

The second is Roundup and glyphosate, which have strong destructive power on the underground tissues of 1-year-old and perennial weeds, and foliar spraying can lead to the death of the whole plant. But do not spray on grape leaves to avoid pesticide damage. In addition, there are herbicides such as paraquat, simazine, and prometrinet, which should be used after testing as indicated.

The sprayer should be dedicated and can no longer be used to spray insecticides and fungicides. 3 Intercropping and green manure Young vineyards can be planted with dwarf crops such as soybeans, peanuts, herb toxin, garlic, seedlings, etc., between the rows, and a clear tillage zone of 50 100 cm from the rows of grapes should be maintained. It can not only increase economic income, but also continue to improve the soil.

Some green manure crops can be planted between the rows of mature trees, and grape intercropping green manure crops, especially leguminous green manure crops, is one of the important measures to achieve high quality, high yield, stable yield, strong trees and low cost. Green manure is an organic fertilizer, which has a better effect on improving soil structure and fertility than applying inorganic fertilizers. In particular, planting green manure crops in saline-alkali land and sandy barren land can not only increase soil fertility, but also prevent phosphorus return and sand fixation.

4 Soil Improvement Before the grapes are planted, part of the soil has been improved when digging the planting ditch. After planting, it is necessary to widen and deepen, and continue to improve the soil, especially the saline-alkali land, sandy barren land, mountain slope land, etc., and the soil should be continuously improved every year, and the improvement method is similar to the improvement during planting.

In general, all plants have a little larger root system than their crown.

You see how big your grapes are, how well developed their root systems are.

Grape is a deep-rooted tree species, and the distribution of its root system is directly related to the variety, age, cultivation technology, soil texture, groundwater level, size of planting ditch, and fertility. In places with loose soils, low groundwater levels and good drainage, grape roots are widely distributed. The main root groups are distributed to a depth of 30 60 cm, with a few roots up to 1 2 m and a horizontal distribution of 3 5 m.

For example, the root system of longan, new rose, seedless dew is larger than that of varieties such as rose, saba pearl, etc., and the root system of adult trees is larger than that of old and weak trees or young trees. Generally, the canopy is large and the root system is also large, so the root system of trellis grapes is often larger than that of hedgerows.

There is an asymmetry in the distribution of trellised grape roots, that is, the root distribution under the trellis is more and farther than that outside the trellis. The reason for this phenomenon may be: there are shed branches and leaves under the shelf to shade the soil, and the soil moisture status is relatively stable. The ground is less trampled and the soil is well aerated.

1. It takes 160 days for red grapes to be harvested from bud break to harvest. Germination is usually in early April and harvested on August 15.

2. 1. Moisture management: The root system of red grapes is shallow, the drought tolerance is not strong, and the waterlogging resistance is also poor, so timely and reasonable irrigation is very important. In general, drought prevention should be carried out in spring and early summer.

The first irrigation is before the grape bud breaks, also known as germination water, and its function is to promote the neat germination and the new shoots are strong. After germination, water is irrigated once every 10 days or so.

2. Fertilization: Red grapes are large-spike and large-grain varieties, and the demand for fertilizer is greater during the growth period. On the basis of applying good base fertilizer after the grape harvest in the previous year, the vineyard applies "germination fertilizer" when the grape buds are swollen in the spring of the following year, the main role is to promote the germination of neat and robust new shoots, this fertilization is mainly based on watering nitrogen fertilizer, generally 20 30 kg of urea per mu or 5 kg of Capinotec (20-5-10) per mu.

3. Branch tip management: the red grape preparation bud germination force is very strong, and the phenomenon of multiple branches germinating and multiple bud eyes germinating is often formed in spring budding, which not only affects the growth of the main bud due to nutrient dispersion, but also often forms the branch tip is too dense, so it is necessary to wipe the bud in time after germination. When wiping buds, wipe off the germinated preparatory buds, so that only one strong tip is retained in one bud eye, and at the same time, it is also necessary to erase the weak buds on the branches and the useless hidden buds germinating on the old vines and the sprouts issued at the base of the main trunk, and retain the corresponding hanging fruit buds.

4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: white rot, use Fumeishuang 500 800 times liquid spray control when germinating; black teas, use difenoconazole 4000 5000 times spray prevention and control; Aphids: 70% imidacloprid 8000 times spray control; Ground Tiger:

The use of high-efficiency chlorfluthrin 1000 1500 times spray control.

I have planted red grapes and his fertility period is 160 days. Germination is usually in early April and harvested on August 15.

The length of the main trunk of grapes is generally the most suitable, generally retain a trunk and two side vines, and appropriately retain some fruiting branches, in addition, it is also necessary to ensure that the soil where it is located is loose and fertile, acidic, apply an appropriate amount of water and fertilizer, and timely pruning and pruning and pest control work.

.About 5 meters

Generally speaking, the length of the main stem of the grape is about a meter is the most suitable, because the growth and development rate of this plant is relatively fast, usually 3 years can grow to a length of nearly 2 meters, it needs to be properly shortened, leaving only the main vine, two side vines and some fruiting branches.

2. Soil adjustment

When the soil is hardened and rigid, it is necessary to turn it in time, break up the hardened part, and replace the heavily acidified and salinized soil to ensure that it can be in a soft, fertile and acidic substrate.

3. Water and fertilizer control

When watering and fertilizing grapes, it is necessary to uphold the principle of moderate and appropriate amount, watering to see dry and wet, leaving no stagnant water or leaving the soil in a long-term drought state, keeping it slightly wet, and fertilizing should be done with thin fertilizer and frequent application, a small amount of multiple applications, and adjusted according to the growth stage of the plant.

4. Pest control

When it is found that there are signs of pest and disease attack on the grape branches, such as disease spots or insect moths, it is necessary to cut off the damaged parts in time and re-maintain, spray pesticides to kill the remaining bacteria and insect eggs, etc., otherwise the pests and diseases will continue to spread and spread, which may cause a large area of grapes to die and wither.

When the soil temperature is 10 degrees, the roots begin to absorb.

Generally, after the severe cold has passed, the soil will begin to thaw in spring, and plants will begin to have life activities as the temperature rises. The temperature during this period of early spring is the most difficult to control, and in addition to the drought and wind, try to control the time when the grapes are unearthed, not too long, and it will not be good if you are not careful to have a cold spring. The time of excavation and shelf should be completed before the soil temperature is 10 degrees, after all, if the temperature is higher than 10 degrees, the grape buds will begin to swell, and it is easy to touch the young buds when they are unearthed.

Budbreak usually occurs in March and April in spring, just as the temperature begins to rise, and by mid-April, bud break is almost complete.

It is generally recommended to plant in spring, and seedlings planted in autumn are easily damaged by low temperatures in winter, and autumn planting should be kept warm, which is very time-consuming. Planted in the spring when the grapes have not germinated, it is easy to manage the following autumn.

How to grow red grapes.

1.Reasonable construction of the park.

The red grape cultivation area should be free of air and water pollution, and have a good water and gas environment. The terrain is higher, preferably sunny and ventilated slope, surrounded by no large buildings, the soil is arid, and has better watering conditions.

2.Choose high-quality strong seedlings, high-quality strong seedlings must meet the following conditions:

1) No virus.

2) Pure variety.

3) The seedlings are robust.

3.Seedling planting method.

Planting method: Each seedling should be selected and renovated before planting. Where the seedlings meet the quality specifications are usually cut 3-4 full buds in the shoots, the root system is cut to remove the splitting and mildew parts, and the shoots are soaked in 5 degrees of stone sulfur mixture or 200 times Fumei arsenic for 2-3 minutes to eliminate the pathogens and pests on the shoots.

In the pre-prepared planting row, dig 30 30 30 (cm) of planting pits every meter, add kilograms of urea and kilograms of diammonia to each plant, after the seedlings enter the pit, align the direction, stretch the root system, step on the soil while filling, and gently lift upward, so that the root system is in close contact with the soil. The planting depth should be 1-2 buds at the base of the branches. Water thoroughly after planting.

After a few days, the soil is loosened and covered with mulch film (the film is wide and moisturizing, so as to facilitate the vigorous growth of seedlings that year.

4.Shaping and trimming.

1) Shaping and frame type.

The main vine is kept about meters, 10-12 fruiting mother branches are evenly distributed on both sides of the front end, each branch is about 20 cm apart to leave 1 fruiting branch, and 1 vegetative branch is arranged, and the fruiting branch and the vegetative branch are converted every year.

2) Prune. Winter pruning: In the first year, it should be re-pruned, leaving a 20 cm long mother branch, and in the second year, the main vine with a length of 1 meter should be left, leaving 3-5 fruiting branches on it, and each fruiting branch should leave 1 fruit spike. In the third year, the shed has been covered, at this time, the main vine of rice leaves 10-12 fruiting branches, half of which bears fruit, each fruiting branch leaves 2-3 buds, prunes vegetative branches and preparatory branches, and leaves 1-2 buds to be truncated.

Summer scissors: Tie vines, fix the new shoots on the scaffolding, distribute evenly, and occupy space reasonably. In view of the characteristics of small red grapes leaves, leaving 7-8 leaves for topping can control the growth and improve the photosynthetic efficiency.

Thinning the inflorescence and the whole panicle, according to the principle of 2:1 for the vegetative branch and the fruiting branch, the inflorescence on the vegetative branch is thinned, the tip of the panicle is pinched, so that the panicle shape is inverted trapezoidal, and when the fruit ear is more crowded, part of the fruit is thinned.

Once the bud eye load is determined, these bud eyes are assigned to the retained fruiting mother branch. How much fruiting mother branch can be left, and how many knots the mother branch intends to prune, is roughly calculated using the following formula.

The number of mother branches that should be retained for fruiting per plant = the average number of nodes intercepted by the mother branches.

From the formula, it can be seen that under the condition of a certain number of bud eyes, the more the retained fruiting mother branches and the shorter the length of interception, the larger the proportion of basal bud eyes. The opposite is true. In general, the germination rate and seed setting rate of the bud eye at the base of the mother branch are often low, while the bud eye of the middle and upper branches is higher. Therefore, it is appropriate to adjust the retention amount and pruning length of the mother branch.

FruitMother branches can be divided into 1 section according to the interception length: ultra-short tip pruning and leaving 1 section; Short tip trimming to leave 2 4 knots; mid-tip trimming to leave 5 8 knots; Long tip pruning to leave 9 12 knots; Extra-long tip trimming leaves more than 13 knots.

Mixed pruning refers to the same plant, several interception lengths are available, in line with the actual pruning situation, and more is used in production. As for what kind of branches should be kept long, what kind of branches should be shortened, the main consideration is the fruiting habits of the variety, such as the Eurasian hybrid inflorescence is often born on the 3 5 nodes, such as the inflorescence of the red earth grape is often born on the 5 nodes, so when pruning, the fruiting mother branch leaves the buds to leave more than 5 buds first, and it is appropriate to take 5 7 buds. Varieties with high fruit branch occurrence parts should be left for a long time, and varieties with low fruit branch nodes should be left short, secondly, long branches can be left longer, weak branches can be left shorter, and those left for reserve branches should be pruned with short branches regardless of strength or weakness.

In addition, the length of interception is also related to the frame type, plant shape, climatic conditions and management level.

Every 30-40cm or so leave a fruiting mother branch, the fruiting mother branch is divided into both sides of the main vine, each plant leaves a total of 7-8 fruiting mother branches, using short and medium tip pruning, each fruiting mother branch leaves 2-4 buds.

1. Treat the seeds.

In the grape cultivation technique, it is necessary to choose high-quality seeds first, and the quality of Kyoho grapes and vine grapes is very good, so you can choose according to your needs. After selecting the seeds, soak them in clean water for about 8 to 11 hours, then take them out and place them in a moist cloth for about 3 days.

2. Land selection and land preparation.

It is best to choose fertile and loose sandy loam soil for planting grapes, with about pH, and garden soil, humus soil, and sandy soil can be used as planting substrate. It is best to choose a plot of land on higher ground facing the sun. Before land preparation, apply a well-rotted basal fertilizer and then turn the soil deep to a depth of between 25 and 35 cm.

3. Sow seeds and germinate.

After the seeds and soil are processed, the seeds are sprinkled into the soil, then a layer of sand is spread on top of the seeds, poured with an appropriate amount of water, the temperature is kept at about 22, avoid direct sunlight, and organic fertilizer is applied once every 2 months or so. It takes about 18 days for the seeds to take root and sprout.

4. Build a frame and plant.

After 40 days of sowing, it is planted with a scaffold. When building the bracket, you can choose a V-bracket, a T-bracket or a horizontal bracket, and the material can be cement or wood. The bracket is about 3 meters long, and the spacing of each column is about 5 meters.

When planting, seedlings with relatively complete root systems should be selected, with the spacing of each plant between meters and the row spacing between 5 meters and 7 meters.

5. Water and fertilizer technology.

In the fertilization, the main organic fertilizer, every 12 days or so, around April, the main concentration of urea, around June, the main Bo Shemai compound fertilizer, after August, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. When watering, water after each fertilization application, using small water flood irrigation.