What are the experimental methods of physics, and what are the methods of physical experiments

Control variable method Equivalent substitution method.

The methods of physical experiments include: observation method, comparison method, control variable method, description method, equivalent substitution method, transformation method, analogy method, model building method, and reasoning experiment method.

1. Observation.

Observation method refers to a method in which the researcher uses his or her own senses and auxiliary tools to directly observe the object of study according to a certain research purpose, research outline or observation table, so as to obtain information. Scientific observations are purposeful and planned, systematic and reproducible.

2. Comparative Method.

Comparative law is the comparative study of the legal order of different countries or regions. It can be divided into three distinct levels: the comparative method of narration, that is, the study of foreign law; the comparative method of evaluation, i.e., comparing the similarities and differences between the legal systems of different countries and their development trends; Evolutionary comparative law, i.e., the study of the current and historical relationships between different legal systems.

3. Control variable method.

The control variable method is a technical method used in the Monte Carlo method to reduce variance. This method reduces the error in the estimation of unknown quantities by knowing the known quantities.

4. Descriptive method.

Descriptive is a common representation of a set. It is often used to represent an infinite set, and the common attributes of the elements in the set are described in words, symbols, or formulas, etc., and written in curly brackets.

5. Equivalent substitution method.

The equivalent substitution method refers to the method of adopting equivalent phenomena similar or with common characteristics to replace a certain physical phenomenon and law in the study of a certain physical phenomenon or law due to the special limitations of the experiment itself or the limitations of experimental equipment. If this method is used properly, it will not only lead to conclusions, but will also be easily accepted and understood by students.

6. Conversion method.

The transformation method refers to the method of creating and inventing, when the exploration of a certain object is hindered by obstacles, setbacks, or the solution to the problem is not ideal, so as to change the perspective of observing and thinking about the problem, change the method used or the means of implementation, change the way to solve the problem, or change the internal structure of the thing, so as to make the problem clear.

7. Analogy.

Analogy is one of the oldest methods of cognitive thinking and speculation, which is to classify and compare unknown or uncertain objects with known objects, and then make guesses about unknown or uncertain objects. If the unknown object does have more similarities with some known counterpart, then the analogy has some cognitive value, and taxonomy evolved from the analogy method.

8. Establish a model method.

The model method includes a physical object model, an idealized experimental model, and a physical process model.

9. Reasoning experiment.

Reasoning method, also known as ideal experimental method, is a method of studying problems through generalization, abstraction, and reasoning on the basis of experiments.

Definition of physical experiments

Physics experiments are related experiments included in physics courses at the junior and senior high school levels, including electrical experiments, mechanical experiments, thermal experiments, optical experiments, etc., which are often used to verify the theorems and laws of physics.

There are several methods of physical experiments:

1.Observation: Obtaining data by directly observing and recording the characteristics, changes, or patterns of objects and phenomena.

2.Metrology: Measure and record data with a variety of instruments and equipment, such as measuring length with a ruler, measuring mass with a balance, etc.

3.Comparative Method: Comparing different objects or conditions to obtain data by comparing their properties, changes, or laws.

4.**Method: By gradually changing the experimental conditions, observing and recording various results and data of the experiment, so as to derive the physical laws or relationships.

5.Simulation: The use of models or simulators to simulate and study physical phenomena in order to obtain data and validate theories.

6.Statistical Method: By collecting a large amount of experimental data and using statistical methods to analyze and interpret the data, the physical laws and relationships are obtained from the traces of Changji.

7.Reverse deduction: verifying and explaining experimental phenomena by reverse deduction or calculation based on known physical theories or formulas.

The above methods can often be used in combination, and when designing and conducting experiments, select the appropriate method according to the purpose and requirements of the experiment.