How to divide Jiangnan and Jiangbei in ancient times, and how to divide Jiangnan and Jiangbei?

Jiangnan, in the concept of human geography specifically refers to the south of the Yangtze River, in different historical periods, the literary imagery of Jiangnan is not the same, the first appeared in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties is the Chu State as the background refers to the whole territory of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and some areas in the south of Hubei, since the Sui and Tang dynasties, it is often associated with the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Anhui), and is the main birthplace of the Yangtze River civilization. It is basically believed that Jiangnan in a narrow sense now refers to the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain and some places along the Yangtze River, including the whole territory of Shanghai, the northern part of Zhejiang, Hunan and Jiangxi, and the southern part of Hubei, Jiangsu and Anhui, and the cities centered on Suzhou and Hangzhou are more representative. Jiangnan in a broad sense covers the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the north of the Nanling and Wuyi Mountains, that is, the whole territory of Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and the areas south of the Yangtze River in Hubei, Anhui, and Suzhou.

1] The area north of the Yangtze River, relative to the south of the Yangtze River, mainly refers to the area north of the Yangtze River and south of the Huai River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Yancheng City, Huai'an City, Yangzhou City, Taizhou City, Nantong City, Huainan City, Hefei City, Lu'an City, Chuzhou City, Chaohu City, Anqing City. Although the Jiangbei region is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River, it is close to the south of the Yangtze River, and has close ties with the Jiangnan region in terms of culture and dialect, and culturally Wu culture and Huaiyang culture converge and integrate, which is different from the Huaibei region that belongs to the northern culture (that is, the area north of the Huai River).

Jiangbei region has been one of the economic centers of our southeast region since ancient times, and has formed Yangzhou, Huai'an, Anqing and other southern economic centers, and together with the Jiangnan region to form today's Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone.

The area north of the Yangtze River, relative to the south of the Yangtze River, includes the areas north of the Yangtze River and south of the Huai River in Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. The area north of the Yangtze River, relative to the Yangtze River, includes all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government north of the Yangtze River.

Gangbuk Map (1).Refers to the area north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, it was generally used to refer to the South Road of Tang Huai and South Road of Song Huai, which had a wide area; In modern times, it mostly refers to the areas located on the north bank of the Yangtze River and the south bank of the Huai River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Zhi, and the Biography of Man Favor": "In the spring of the third year of Taihe, he was called Wu Dayan, and he wanted to hunt in the north of the Yangtze River, and Sun Quan wanted to come out of himself. "History of the Song Dynasty, Biography of the Family, Li Yu":

In the second year of Qiande, he also ordered Jiangbei, and allowed the people of Zhuzhou and the supervisors of Yanting to collect and cross the river. Wang Tao of the Qing Dynasty, "The Remains of the Urn: The Tale of the Fierce Chieftain Among the Thieves": "Outline Relying on his fierce spirits, he repeatedly violated the official army, and Xianfeng and Yimao fled to Jiangbei in May.

Chen Dengke Xiao Ma Chapter 2 of "Breaking the Wall": "In the black and thick Suzhou Creek, most of these houses have fled from northern Jiangsu, and the Shanghainese call them Jiangbei Boat Sheds. ”

In ancient times, Jiangnan and Jiangbei did not refer to the south and north of the Yangtze River, but generally to the Huai River as the boundary, the north was called Jiangbei, and the south was called Jiangnan.

It seems to be divided by the Yangtze River, south of the Yangtze River is Jiangnan, north is the north...

China's Jiangnan and Jiangbei are usually divided by the Yangtze River. Jiangnan is the geographical area south of the Yangtze River.

Jiangnan refers to the areas south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui, eastern and northern Jiangxi. Jiangbei refers to the area north of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, that is, the Jianghuai region. In ancient times, Jiangbei was one of the economic centers in the southeast, and formed Yangzhou, Taizhou, Nantong, Hefei, Chuzhou, Anqing and other economic centers along the Yangtze River in Jiangbei.

Jiangnan Jiangbei Geographical Environment:

In a broad sense, Jiangnan includes the area south of the Yangtze River among the five provinces and one city, including Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. In a broad sense, Jiangnan is a large area and diverse landforms, so it is often regarded as "Great Jiangnan", which is roughly consistent with the range of Jiangnan in meteorology. The four rice markets in the south of the Yangtze River and the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River are all in the scope of the south of the Yangtze River.

Jiangbei New Area is located in the north of the Yangtze River in Nanjing, and the overall planning scope includes Pukou District, Liuhe District and Baguazhou Street in Qixia District, at the intersection of the developed areas in the east and the central and western regions, and is one of the core areas of Nanjing metropolitan area and Ningzhenyang urbanization, and is the strategic fulcrum of East China facing the inland hinterland, with a total area of about 2,451 square kilometers, accounting for 8% of the total area of southern Jiangsu.

Officially, it is divided by the Yangtze River, the south of the Yangtze River belongs to Jiangnan, and the north of the Yangtze River belongs to Jiangbei. The folk are divided by dialects, and the places where Wu is spoken belong to Jiangnan, and the places where Jianghuai official dialect is spoken belong to Jiangbei. For example, the Jiangyin dialect in Jiangnan is read here as a talk and there as a fruit.

The Jingjiang dialect of Jiangbei is read here as a burial block, and there as a bar block.

There have been several times in Chinese history when emperors visited Jiangnan. 1. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty.

Xiajiangdu, Jiangdu is in today's Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, so Jiangnan refers to Jiangsu Province. 2. Emperor Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty.

Go down to Jiangnan to Yingtian and Jiangxi, Yingtian is today's Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, so Jiangnan refers to Jiangsu and Jiangxi Province. 3. Emperor Kangxi of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

The core purpose of going down to the south of the Yangtze River is to control the river, guide the Huai, and help the transport. Because the Huai River is in Jiangsu Province, and the Qiantang River is in Zhejiang Province, Jiangnan refers to Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province.

Emperor Qianlong of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

The main locations of the six trips to the south of the Yangtze River: each time they generally go to Jiangning Mansion (now Nanjing City), Suzhou Mansion, Hangzhou Mansion, Yangzhou Mansion, and the last four times also visited Haining in Zhejiang, so Jiangnan refers to Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province.

Jiangnan is a geographical region of China, and the scope, concept, and definition of Jiangnan vary in different contexts in the fields of culture, geography, climate, etc. In a broad sense, Jiangnan refers to the south of the Yangtze River, and generally refers to the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In the narrow sense of geography, Jiangnan mostly refers to Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Shanghai and other places near the Taihu Lake basin south of the Yangtze River.

The scope of Jiangnan in the broad sense also includes Nantong, Yangzhou, Taizhou in Jiangsu and Jinhua in Zhejiang.

Lishui, Zhoushan, Taizhou, Quzhou, Wenzhou; Huangshan, Wuhu, Xuancheng, Ma'anshan, Chizhou, Tongling in the south of Anhui, Shangrao and Wuyuan in the northeast of Jiangxi.

Jingdezhen, etc.

Jiangnan refers to Nanjing, Suzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi, Zhenjiang, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Shanghai, Ningbo, Yangzhou, Nantong, Wuhu, Xuancheng, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Chizhou, Tongling, Anqing, Jiujiang, Shangrao, and Jingdezhen. Geographically, the south of the Yangtze River also includes Wuhu, Xuancheng, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Chizhou, Tongling, and Anqing in the southeast and south of Anhui. Jiujiang, Shangrao, and Jingdezhen in the north and northeast of Jiangxi.

1.Region: South and East China.

2.Including provinces: Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi.

3.Typical cities: Nanjing, Suzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi, Zhenjiang, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Shanghai, Ningbo, Yangzhou, Nantong, Wuhu, Xuancheng, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Chizhou, Tongling, Anqing, Jiujiang, Shangrao, Jingdezhen.

Geographically, the south of the Yangtze River also includes Wuhu, Xuancheng, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Chizhou, Tongling, and Anqing in the southeast and south of Anhui. Jiujiang, Shangrao, and Jingdezhen in the north and northeast of Jiangxi.

Gangnam refers to a geographical area. As the name suggests, it refers to the south of the Yangtze River, especially the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the concept of human geography. In the pre-Qin period, Jiangnan belonged to Kyushu and was called "Wuyue" by the Central Plains. Gangnam is known for its beauty, abundant water towns, and prosperity.

Jiangnan is a place with outstanding people and beautiful mountains and rivers. From ancient times to the present, "Jiangnan" has always been a constantly changing, flexible and changeable regional concept, but it has always represented a beautiful and rich water town. So far, it is also a developed area with superior natural conditions, abundant natural resources, developed commodity production, complete industrial categories and the highest comprehensive economic level in China.

In different historical periods, the literary image of Jiangnan is different. Jiangnan first appeared in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it was located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River where Wuyue and other vassal states were located, that is, some areas south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southeastern Anhui, and northeast Jiangxi (from the CCTV documentary "Jiangnan in **").

Since ancient times, there have been administrative divisions such as Huiji County, Wujun County, Jiangnan Road, and Liangzhu Road in the Han area of Jiangnan.

Jiangnan, which means the area south of the Yangtze River.

In a narrow sense, it is now Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu and Shanghai on the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. In a broad sense, it also includes the northern part of Jiangxi Province and the area south of the Yangtze River in southern Anhui.

Also known as Wu Yue, Jiangdong, Jiangzuo. Jiangnan is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, with ancient capitals such as Hangzhou and Nanjing, as well as historical and cultural cities such as Suzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Wuxi, Huizhou, etc., which has long been the largest urban agglomeration and economic center in East Asia and even the world, and has blessed Chinese civilization several times. As a geographical concept, Jiangnan echoes Guanzhong and Heluo, and is of great significance to the historical development of China and East Asia.

In the pre-Qin period, there was already a saying about Jiangnan in the history books. "Wu Yue Chunqiu": "King Zhou Yuan sent people to Gou Jian, and he has been ordered to go and return to Jiangnan."

Erya Shidi Chapter 9 wrote: "Jiangnan is called Yangzhou. "Jiangnan" belongs to Yangzhou among the ancient books written before the Qin and Han dynasties.

Ancient Jiangnan refers to the area in China that was located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, mainly including the provinces of present-day Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shanghai, southern Hunan and northern Fujian. The Jiangnan region has a mild climate, abundant water resources, fertile land, beautiful natural environment, coupled with long-term economic and cultural exchanges and north-south exchanges, making the Jiangnan region one of the economic and cultural centers of China in ancient times.

Gangnam 1Jiangnan, originally meaning the south of the river. "Jiang" in Chinese has the meaning of "big river", which is the Yangtze River. Therefore, geographically, "Jiangnan" generally refers to "south of the Yangtze River".

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, and the Qin and Han Dynasties, it generally refers to the southern part of the Yangtze River south of Hubei, including Hunan and Jiangxi.

In modern times, it refers to the area of southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang. In addition: Tang Zhenguan Ten Roads, Jiangnan Province includes: Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, southeast of Danyang in Jiangsu and south of the Yangtze River in Anhui.

The Jiangnan mentioned in the poem refers to the area that has been beautified by the literati. It is mainly centered on Jiangsu and Hangzhou, and the Taihu Lake basin south of the Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Culturally, the definition of Jiangnan is not limited to the north and south of the Yangtze River, but refers to a kind of water town culture centered on the Taihu culture of Su Xichang, including Yangzhou culture, Huizhou culture, and Jinling culture.

Speaking of Jiangnan, everyone naturally thinks of Suxichang, Hangjiahu, Mingzhou Shaoxing generation, in ancient times, called the six provinces of Jiangnan (Suzhou, Changzhou, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing). Four provinces south of the Yangtze River in the Qing Dynasty: Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui.

Another: Bai Juyi's several songs "Remembering Jiangnan" clearly say that Jiangnan is in Suzhou and Hangzhou, which is also the Jiangnan in the minds of many people.

However, this is not the case. Professor Yang Qinye, a scholar who studies geography, believes that from the perspective of physical geography, Jiangnan refers to the hilly area of Jiangnan. It is an area of hills and basins to the north of Nanling, south of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, and west of Taihu Lake.

Not only is the north and south boundary of the Yangtze River not the Yangtze River, but even the three famous lakes in the south of the Yangtze River - Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, Taihu Lake and the surrounding areas are not within the south of the Yangtze River.

Meteorologist Lin Zhiguang believes that the south of the Huai River, the north of Nanling, the east of Yichang in Hubei Province and the sea are all south of the Yangtze River.

Scholars who study dialects believe that the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River belongs to the six major dialect regions in southern China, and this area can be regarded as Jiangnan. Among them, the Wu language area (Jiangsu and Zhejiang area) is nothing more than Jiangnan in a narrow sense.

Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu's poem "Repatriation": "The down-and-out Jiangnan carries wine, and Chu's waist and intestines are broken and his palms are light." Ten years of Yangzhou dream, won the Qinglou Bo Xing name. "The south of the Yangtze River here clearly refers to Yangzhou, but Yangzhou is to the north of the Yangtze River.

In the process of forming the concept of Jiangnan, the role of administrative divisions plays a pivotal role. The demarcation of Jiangnan Province in the Tang Dynasty and the later division of Jiangnan Province leaving only Jiangnan West Province and Jiangnan East Province were very important to the formation of the concept of Jiangnan. Historically, such as the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there was an administrative district in what is now Jiangsu across the north and south of the Yangtze River, and the administrative district Yangzhou was located in present-day Nanjing.

This area was called "Yangzhou" at that time, and many areas in Jiangbei were under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou, so it is not surprising that it is called Jiangnan together with Jiangnan.

When we superimpose the various concepts of Jiangnan on the same map, then the undisputed Jiangnan is actually the Taihu Lake and West Lake basins.

Historically, the evolution of the administrative region named after "Jiangnan" is as follows: before the Tang Dynasty, the area referred to by the term Jiangnan included the south of the Yangtze River and the vast areas along the Yangtze River, including Jingzhou (southeastern Hubei and Hunan) and Yangzhou (Jiangxi, southern Anhui, Fujian, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang).

During the Tang Dynasty, Jiangnan West Road (southeast Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, southern Anhui) and Jiangnan East Road (Fujian, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang) were established. During the Song Dynasty, Jiangnan West Road (most of Jiangxi, southeast of Hubei) and Jiangnan East Road (northeast Jiangxi, southern Anhui, and Nanjing) were established.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan Province was established, and later divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province.

Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty established Jiangnan Province, which included the entire middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south of the Yangtze River, as well as Guizhou, Fujian and other places. Tang Xuanzong subdivided Jiangnan Province into Jiangnan East Province, Jiangnan West Province and Qianzhong Province. Jiangnan was divided into the east of Jiangnan and the west of Jiangnan in ancient times.

In the Tang and Song dynasties, Jiangnan West Road and Jiangnan West Road were set up, covering Jiangxi, Hunan and southern Hubei in the west of Jiangnan, which was originally composed of Jiangnan in a broad sense. In the late Tang Dynasty, Jiangdong was specifically called Jiangnan, and the concept of "Jiangnan" in the cultural sense was born. Later, with the concept of Jiangnan in a narrow sense, Jiangnan West Road evolved into present-day Jiangxi Province; The Jiangdong region is centered on Nanjing City, mainly including parts of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui.

In the Qing Dynasty, the Liangjiang Governor's Office was established, which governed Jiangsu Province (including Shanghai), Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province, and the Liangjiang River included Jiangdong and Jiangxi.

Gangnam in the narrow sense and Gangnam in the broad sense].

In a broad sense, Jiangnan refers to the entire middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the area south of the Yangtze River, that is, Jiangnan Province excluding southern Hunan, southern Jiangxi, Guizhou and Fujian. It includes the areas south of the Yangtze River, north of Jiangxi, south of the Yangtze River in Hubei and northern Hunan. But there are areas of Fujian that are sometimes referred to as Jiangnan.

Jiangnan in a broad sense was used more in ancient times, such as Du Fu's "Jiangnan in the Year of the Turtle", which was written in Changsha City. Jiangnan in a broad sense is also used in modern times, for example, Jiangnan in weather forecasting refers to Jiangnan in a broad sense; The Jiangnan mentioned in the three famous buildings in Jiangnan (the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan City, the Yueyang Tower in Yueyang City and the Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang City) is Jiangnan in a broad sense.

The Jiangnan that is now specifically referred to is Jiangnan in the narrow sense, which refers to the area that has been beautified by the literati. That is, excluding Fujian Province and southern Zhejiang, Jiangnan East Road is centered on the area from Nanjing to Suzhou, including parts of Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province and Zhejiang Province south of the Yangtze River, that is, southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui and northern Jiangxi. Some areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Yangzhou, are geographically located in the north of the Yangtze River, but their economy and culture are similar to those of the south of the Yangtze River, and they are also regarded as the composition of the Jiangnan region in the cultural sense. However, the Yangtze River basin is not considered to be the south of the Yangtze River, including the south of Taihu Lake and some areas south of the Qiantang River, such as Shaoxing and Ningbo.