What are natural disasters and what are natural disasters?

Natural disaster. It is an abnormal phenomenon that occurs in the natural world on which human beings depend, and the harm caused by natural disasters to human society is often shocking. Among them are **, volcanic eruptions, and mudslides.

Tsunami, typhoon, flood and other sudden disasters; There are also gradual disasters such as land subsidence, land desertification, drought, and coastline changes that can only gradually appear over a long period of time. There are also changes in the ozone layer, water pollution, soil erosion, and acid rain.

and other environmental disasters caused by human activities. These natural disasters and environmental damage are interlinked in a complex way. It has become a common theme of the international community for mankind to understand the occurrence and development of these disasters in a scientific sense and to minimize the harm caused by them.

Natural variations on the earth, including those induced by human activities, occur all the time, and when such variations bring harm to human society, they constitute natural disasters. Because it has brought varying degrees of damage to human production and life, including the relationship between man and nature through the medium of labor, as well as the relationship between people related to it. Disasters are all negative or destructive effects.

Therefore, natural disasters are a manifestation of the contradiction between man and nature, which has the dual attributes of nature and society, and is one of the most severe challenges faced by mankind in the past, present and future.

Major sudden natural disasters around the world include: droughts, floods, typhoons, and storm surges.

Frost damage, hailstorms, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides.

Mudslides, forest fires, agricultural and forestry pests and diseases, etc.

There are many types of natural disasters in China. **, typhoon, heavy rain.

Floods, waterlogging, high temperatures, lightning, fog, haze, mudslides, landslides, tsunamis, icy roads, tornadoes.

Hail, blizzards, avalanches, ground subsidence, sandstorms, etc., occur every year in the whole country and in local areas, causing widespread damage or devastating blows in local areas.

What are the common natural disasters?

Major sudden natural disasters worldwide include: drought, floods, typhoons, storm surges, frost damage, hailstorms, tsunamis, volcanoes, landslides, mudslides, forest fires, agricultural and forestry pests and diseases, etc.

There are many types of natural disasters in China. **, typhoons, heavy rains, floods, waterlogging, high temperatures, thunder and lightning, fog, haze, mudslides, landslides, tsunamis, road icing, tornadoes, hail, blizzards, avalanches, ground subsidence, sandstorms, etc., occur every year in the country and local areas, causing widespread damage or local devastating blows.

In the event of a natural disaster, people's houses become dilapidated houses, and the state has the obligation to subsidize and provide assistance.

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Department of Civil Affairs, Department of Finance, "Notice on Adjusting the Standards of Natural Disaster Relief Subsidies" Gui Min Fa [2017] No. 55:

Subsidy standard for the restoration and reconstruction of houses damaged by disasters. The first, second, and third categories of objects will be issued according to 15,000 yuan, 12,500 yuan, and 10,000 yuan respectively for the people whose only housing collapsed or was seriously damaged due to the disaster;

The funds required for the maintenance of the housing of the disaster-stricken people whose only housing is generally damaged due to the disaster shall be mainly based on the insurance claims of the rural houses purchased with the help of **, and the localities with conditions may appropriately arrange financial subsidies", which is adjusted to "the average subsidy standard for households rebuilt by the autonomous region's financial department for the total loss of housing due to disasters is 20,000 yuan per year."

The per capita subsidy standard for households repairing houses damaged by disasters is 2,000 yuan, and cities and counties (cities, districts) can formulate specific subsidy standards in combination with local conditions."

Natural disasters are divided into nine categories: meteorological disasters, marine disasters, flood disasters, geological disasters, ** disasters, crop biological disasters, forest biological disasters, astronomical disasters and other disasters.

The process of natural disasters can be long and short, slow and urgent. Some natural disasters, when the change of disaster-causing factors exceeds a certain intensity, will show disaster behavior in a few days, hours or even minutes and seconds, such as volcanic eruptions, floods, hurricanes, heavy rains, etc., this kind of disasters are called sudden natural disasters. Although droughts, crop and forest diseases, insects, and weeds generally take a few months to become disasters, the formation and end of disasters are still relatively rapid and obvious, so they are also classified as sudden natural disasters.

In addition, there are some natural disasters that gradually emerge into disasters under the condition of long-term development of disaster-causing factors, such as land desertification, soil erosion, environmental degradation, etc., which usually take several years or more to develop, which is called slow-onset natural disasters.

Natural disasters include: meteorological disasters, marine disasters, flood disasters, ** disasters, forest biological disasters, and crop biological disasters.

Meteorological disasters: drought at the ridge of dry and deficit, heavy rain, acid rain, dense fog, etc.;

Marine disasters: tsunamis, waves, red tides, etc.;

Flood disasters: flash floods, rain and snow floods, etc.;

Disasters such as structures, mines, etc.;

Crop biological disasters: crop diseases, crop pests, etc.;

Forest biological disasters: forest diseases, forest finch skin insect pests, etc.

Nature has natural disasters and natural disasters are: landslides, forest fires, tsunamis, avalanches, droughts, floods, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, typhoons, etc.

1. Landslide refers to the effect and phenomenon that a certain part of the rock and soil on the mountain slope moves to the bottom of the slope as a whole under the action of gravity (including the gravity of the rock and soil itself and the dynamic and static pressure of groundwater) along a certain weak structural plane (zone). It is commonly known as "walking the mountain", "breaking the mountain", "slippery ground", "slippery" and so on. It is one of the common geological hazards.

2. Forest fire refers to the forest fire behavior that is out of human control, spreads and expands freely in the forest land, and brings certain harm and loss to the forest, forest ecosystem and human beings. Forest fire is a natural disaster that is sudden, destructive, and difficult to deal with.

3. Tsunamis are destructive waves generated by submarine **, volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides or meteorological changes, with a wave speed of up to 700 800 kilometers per hour, which can cross the ocean in a few hours; The wavelength can reach hundreds of kilometers and can travel thousands of kilometers with little energy loss. In the vast ocean, the wave height is less than one meter, but when it reaches the shallow water of the coast, the wavelength decreases and the wave height increases sharply, reaching tens of meters, forming a "wall of water" containing huge energy.

4. Volcanic eruption is a peculiar geological phenomenon, a manifestation of crustal movement, and the most intense display of thermal energy on the surface of the earth. It is the release of ejecta such as magma from the crater to the surface in a short period of time.

Due to the large amount of volatiles contained in the magma, coupled with the confining pressure of the overlying rock layer, these volatiles are dissolved in the magma and cannot overflow, when the magma rises close to the surface, the pressure decreases, and the volatiles are released sharply, thus forming a volcanic eruption.

5. Typhoons are a type of tropical cyclone. A tropical cyclone is a low-pressure vortex that occurs over the tropical or subtropical oceans and is a powerful and deep "tropical weather system". Tropical cyclones in the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific are classified into six categories according to their maximum average wind strength (wind speed) near the center of the bottom layer, of which those with winds of 12 or more are collectively referred to as typhoons.

6. **, also known as ground motion and ground vibration, is a natural phenomenon caused by the rapid release of energy from the earth's crust, during which ** waves will be generated. The squeezing and collision between plates on the earth causes dislocation and rupture on the edge of the plate and the interior of the plate, which is the main reason for the conflict.

**The place where it begins to occur is called the hypocenter, and the ground directly above the epicenter is called the epicenter. The most destructive ground vibration is called the extreme earthquake area, which is often the area where the epicenter is located, which often causes serious personnel, and can lead to disasters, floods, toxic gas leaks, the spread of bacteria and radioactive materials, and may also cause secondary disasters such as tsunamis, landslides, collapses, and ground fissures.

The problem of nature is that there are natural disasters, natural disasters are: landslides, avalanches, droughts, forest fires, floods, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, **, typhoons.

Natural disasters are abnormal phenomena that occur in the natural world on which human beings depend, and the harm caused by natural disasters to human society is often shocking. Among them, there are sudden disasters such as volcanic eruptions, mudslides, tsunamis, typhoons, and floods;

There are also gradual disasters such as land subsidence, land desertification, drought, and coastline changes that can only gradually appear over a long period of time. There are also environmental disasters caused by human activities such as changes in the ozone layer, water pollution, soil erosion, and acid rain.

Natural disasters are chaotic: meteorological disasters, geological disasters, marine disasters, crop disasters.

1. Meteorological disasters.

Including typhoons, tropical storms, tornadoes, droughts, floods, cold waves, heavy rains, frosts, hail, blizzards, hot and dry winds, etc.

2. Disasters.

Disasters include various disasters caused by high-level earthquakes, as well as various secondary disasters induced by **.

3. Geological disasters.

Including collapses, landslides, debris flows, ground fissures, collapses, volcanoes, land subsidence, etc.

4. Marine disasters.

Including storm tides, tsunamis, tidal disasters, seawater intrusion, seawater recharge, etc.

5. Crop disasters.

Including crop pests and diseases, rodent infestation, etc.

Considering the characteristics of major natural disasters in China and the differences in disaster management and mitigation systems, they can be summarized into seven categories, each of which includes a number of disasters. (1) Meteorological disasters: including tropical storms, tornadoes, thunderstorms and gales, hot and dry winds, dry winds, black winds, blizzards, heavy rains, cold waves, frosts and droughts.

2) Marine disasters: including storm surges, tsunamis, tidal disasters, waves, red tides, sea ice, seawater intrusion, sea level rise and seawater recharge. (3) Flood disaster:

Including floods, river flooding, etc. (4) Geological disasters: including collapses, landslides, debris flows, collapses, volcanoes, freeze-thaw, land subsidence, land desertification, soil erosion, land salinization, etc.

5) Disasters: including various disasters caused by ** and various secondary disasters induced by **, such as sand spraying and flooding, urban fires, rivers and reservoirs bursting, etc. (6) Crop disasters:

Including crop pests and diseases, rodent infestation, agrometeorological disasters, agricultural environmental disasters, etc. (7) Forest disasters: including forest pests and diseases, rodent infestations, forest fires, etc.