China s modern trade with foreign trade, the changes and reasons for China s foreign trade in modern

The situation of external affairs can be roughly divided into the following stages:

1840-1867 grew rapidly and then fell sharply. With Pu Dingcha's speech to the British Parliament, "the output of all the factories in Lankaixia is not enough to supply the clothing of her [China] province"4, it triggered the rapid entry of British industrial products into China, which was 1.43 million pounds in 1843 and 2.3 million pounds in 1845. On the one hand, it believed that China's lack of openness had led to the emergence of this situation, and on the other hand, some bourgeoisie had sent Mitchell and others to China to investigate, and on the basis of their investigation reports, they believed that the cost of domestic products had not yet been reduced.

The average annual growth rate from 1867 to 1882 was: Britain gradually completed the industrial revolution, the rapid decline of industrial manufactured goods, coupled with the shortening of time and space between China and the West, further reduced the cost of their products, began to open up the sales of goods in China, and partially achieved the goal of disintegrating China's natural economy in the treaty port area, so that the basis of the combination of farming and weaving was partially differentiated, expanding the family's dependence on the market, and contributing to the preference of certain classes of Western machinery in China.

The average annual growth rate from 1883 to 1915 was: With the formation of the coastal and inland networks, the West has gradually completed the control of the Chinese product market and then the financial market by virtue of its own strength, prompting the Chinese market to gradually integrate into the world market with the West as the core. Products are controlled by it, and items are also relatively concentrated in a few varieties such as tea, silk, and porcelain in the early stage to diversification, and China has begun to become a sales place for raw materials and Western industrial products in Western countries.

The average annual growth rate from 1915 to 1929 was:

Before the Opium War, China's ** has always been superb! In order to change this situation, the Western powers imported opium into China, and slowly China became a superpower! However, Comrade Hurd's customs management of China is still good, and many scholars have been praising it until now!

It's all written by yourself, but it's not pasted, so you want it.

China's opening up to the outside world lasted until Zheng He's seven voyages to the West.

At this time and before, all dynasties accepted the Hajj, tribute, **, etc. of the surrounding minority countries or regimes as great powers.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to the riots on the southeast coast of the Ming Dynasty, the country began to be closed at the end of the Ming Dynasty, until the Opium War, during which it was closed to the outside world, but China is still the richest and self-sufficient country in the world, attracting countless foreign businessmen to smuggle, smuggle, buy and sell, and earn China's **.

After the Opium War, it was forced to open treaty ports until the Treaty of Xincho.

After the signing, China cleared **.

Fully open to the outside world, but because the tariff has no autonomy, that is, the tariff policy that is beneficial to foreign businessmen and unfavorable to the national bourgeoisie has led to a large outflow of **, and the Chinese people have become more and more impoverished and backward, in addition to bearing a large amount of taxes for clearing ** foreign war reparations and building railways for foreign businessmen to better build factories and extract China.

The People's Republic of China was

Later, due to the full implementation of the planned economic system, the commodity economy basically disappeared on the mainland, and there was no basis for foreign exchanges, and the main ** objects in Chinese mainland were the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and the ** total amount was mainly customized, processed, and exported by ** and enterprises, ** flexibility and supply and demand elasticity were very poor. In addition, the inflow of goods into capitalist countries such as Western Europe and the United States is almost zero.

After the reform and opening up, the commodity economy and most of the market conditions were restored, allowing foreign-funded enterprises to enter China for investment, production, sales, and earning Chinese mainland **, but at the same time, advanced technology, experience, and high-quality goods were introduced for national assets to learn, apply and practice.

Accession to the WTO.

Later, it is more integrated with the world market economy and the world's leading organization.

The basic condition of member countries is to greatly reduce the tariff threshold, so China has also joined the world's leading market environment with a more open attitude, no longer carries out first-class protection, greatly reduces tariffs, and welcomes all investors in the world. The disadvantage is that it is susceptible to changes in the world market, which makes China's market economy unstable, but fortunately, China's macroeconomic regulation and control, inherited from the planned economic system, has a greater ability to control the market, so that there will not be too many fluctuations in economic operation.

In 1839, there was a serious ** conflict between China and Britain, which eventually led to the outbreak of the Opium War. Things have changed, and in response to this ** conflict, what experiences and lessons should we learn should be summed up.

Old Tang believes that as Chinese, we must keep in mind the following three lessons to avoid history repeating itself:

First, in the face of the best war, we must first introspect. It is necessary to reflect on whether there are any drawbacks in our system and policies, and if there are any, we will change them. There are many problems in the Qing Dynasty's ** system, but the Qing court's arrogant self-esteem and arrogance are great, of course, they will not introspect, not only lose the opportunity for self-improvement, but also intensify the contradictions between the two sides.

Second, in the face of the best war, it is even more necessary to promote opening up. China and the West added vitality to the stagnant Qing Dynasty economy, and the Qing Dynasty did not realize this, and when they encountered trouble, they rashly closed the country again. Needless to say, this will have a negative impact on itself and on Sino-British relations, and it will trigger a boycott from other countries, with the United States, France and other countries that have ** relations with China deeply dissatisfied, and the Qing Dynasty is isolated.

Third, in the face of a first-class war, national defense must be on alert. When the conflict is irreconcilable, the possibility of military war has increased dramatically, and we must not take it lightly. The Qing court was paralyzed by the external situation, and even the wisest Lin Zexu thought that the British would not dare to launch it.

The result? The war fell from the sky, and the Qing Dynasty's national defense was almost blank, and it could only end up with a tragic end of defeat.