In alternating current, the problem of the direction of electrons and electric currents 10

The first thing to be clear about is that the direction of the current is the direction in which the positive charge moves. It is actually the electrons that can move in the conductor, and since the electrons themselves are negatively charged, the directional movement of electrons is the directional movement of negative charges.

On the other hand, if the electrons (negative charges) are considered to be fixed, then the positive charges are in motion. Generate an electric current.

Alternating current: The magnitude of the current. When the direction changes periodically, it is called alternating current.

If you want to figure out why AC power is generated, then you have to start with the AC engine. We all know that when a part of a conductor in a closed circuit cuts magnetic inductance lines in a magnetic field, an induced current can be generated. You can find the engine schematic diagram on the textbook and compare it:

When a part of the conductor cuts the magnetic inductance line in the magnetic field, it is impossible to cut it in one direction all the time, it is reciprocating, and when the direction of the magnetic inductance line changes when you cut it, the direction of the current also changes!

When the rotor of the engine rotates in the stator for each revolution is a working cycle, the direction of the cutting magnetic inductance line changes twice, and the direction of the current changes accordingly twice. This creates alternating current!

Direct current: When the magnitude and direction of the current do not change with time, it is called direct current.

Direct current is the earliest method of generating electricity by human beings, that is, chemical methods, such as battery direct current is an advanced power electronics technology that generates direct current through alternating current rectification.

The direction of movement of the charge is the same as that of the positive charge and the opposite direction of movement of the negative charge (electrons);

The magnitude and direction of alternating current change with a certain law, such as when we usually use sinusoidal alternating current, it is transformed by a sinusoidal function with time;

The directional current of alternating current is relative for a certain period of time.

Let's be honest. Your description is too complicated.

I basically can't understand you.

What to ask.

Let's just post the answer.

There is no electricity on the neutral wire, and the live wire is electrified.

The reason why there is a zero line.

It is to compose a loop.

The magnitude and direction of the alternating current varies.

This has nothing to do with the fact that he has a few output lines.

This characteristic of alternating current is determined when electricity is generated.

Be. The duel is reciprocating.

1. Because physics stipulates that the direction of the current is a positive charge.

The direction of directional motion, in a metal conductor, it is the electrons that move freely, and the electrons are negatively charged, so the direction of the flow of electrons is opposite to the direction of the flow of electrons.

2. When physics first discovered the existence of electric current, it did not understand the nature of electric current, that is, the directional motion of electrons. At that time, it was thought that the movement of a positive charge caused an electric current, and the direction of the current was defined as the direction of movement of the positive charge. Later, it was discovered that there were electrons, but the original regulations had become customary, so they were not amended.

3. In chemistry, it is positive ions that move freely in the aqueous solution of acids, alkalis, and salts.

and negative ions.

The pointer of the ammeter is deflected in a direction other than the direction of the current.

The direction of the deflection of the ammeter pointer is determined by the direction in which the current flows into the meter: if the current flows from the positive terminal of the ammeter to the meter, the pointer is biased to the right, and vice versa.

If the direction of the directional movement of the positive charge is specified as the direction of the current, then the direction of the directional movement of the electrons is opposite to the direction of the current.

The direction of the current is from the positive electrode to the negative electrode (opposite to the direction of the electrons). The reason is that the direction of the current was defined by Hui Zhi before the discovery of electrons in Lao La, and scientists once believed that the current was a positive charge flowing from the positive pole of the power supply to the negative electrode through the wire.

It is now known that the current in a metal conductor is generated by the movement of negatively charged electrons, which flow from the negative pole of the power supply through the wire to the positive pole, and the electrons move in the opposite direction to the direction of the current.

The pointer of the ammeter is deflected in a direction other than the direction of the current. Stuffy.

What determines the direction in which the ammeter pointer is deflection?

Determined by the direction of the current flowing into the meter, the current flows from the positive terminal of the meter to the meter, and the pointer is biased to the right, and vice versa.

The relationship between the direction of the current and the direction of the electric wheel letter bend and the reason:

The two are in opposite directions for the reason that the direction of the current was defined before the discovery of electrons, and scientists once thought that the current was the flow of a positive charge from the positive electrode of the electric tank rolling source through the wire to the negative electrode.

Actually, you shouldn't say the direction of the supply voltage. The voltage has no direction, only positive and negative. This voltage is the potential difference between the high and low potentials.

And your question is more suitable for the direction of the power supply current. Then this is right, the direction of the current is outside the power supply, which is from the positive pole of the power supply, through the wire, and the load to the negative pole of the power supply. However, the direction of the current inside the power supply is from the negative to the positive.

It is well understood that the direction of the current is opposite to the direction of the movement of the electrons, while the same poles repel each other, and the opposite poles attract. The electron is negatively charged, so it naturally moves towards the positive pole, so the direction of the current is opposite to the direction of the electron, so from the outside, the direction of the current flows from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.

In the battery, in order to maintain this voltage, the positive pole of the power supply must remain positively charged, and the negative charge of the positive pole of the power supply must flow to the negative pole, so as to ensure that the positive pole of the power supply has always had a positive charge, so the direction of the internal current becomes the negative pole flowing to the positive pole. To achieve such an effect, it is necessary to consume other energy to keep this electron moving, which is why the battery will run out of power after a long time. This is the case because the energy to maintain this change inside the battery is consumed, and the orange wheel appears.

All of the above assertions are based on DC power supplies. In the case of alternating current, the current is also alternating current because the positive and negative voltages are constantly alternating, but at a certain moment, it is still compounded by the above statement.

In the electrolytic cell, there is a power supply, and the direction of current flow is from the positive end of the power supply to the negative end of the power supply, while the direction of electronic flow is reversed.

When scientists discovered electric current, they defined current as the direction in which a positive charge flows, but when they made this definition, scientists did not know that electrons had a negative charge, so the direction of current flow was opposite to the direction of electron flow.

In an electrolytic cell, there is a power supply where the direction of current flows from the positive electrode of the power supply to the negative electrode of the power supply, while the flow of electrons is in the opposite direction. In the galvanic battery, the galvanic battery is equivalent to the power supply, and the direction of current flow is from the positive electrode of the galvanic cell to the negative electrode of the galvanic battery, while the direction of electron flow is the opposite.

Regularity of reactions

Anode: active metal-ruler electrode loses electrons (except Au, PT);

Inert electrode – the anion loses electrons in solution.

Electron loss ability: reactive metal (except PT, Au) > S2->I-> Br->Cl-> OH-> oxygenate (NO3->SO42-) >F-

Cathode: Electron capacity of cations in solution: AG+>HG2+>Fe3+>Cu2+>H+(acid)>Pb2+>SN+>Fe2+>Zn2+>H+(water)>Al3+>Mg2+>Na+>Ca2+>K+ (i.e., the reverse of the metal activity order table).

Rule: Aluminum pre-(aluminum-containing) ions are not discharged, hydrogen (acid) ions are discharged first, and hydrogen (acid) before and after aluminum ions look at the conditions.

The above content refers to: Encyclopedia - Electrolytic Cell.

What can move freely in a metal conductor is the "free electron" (negative charge), so the "current" in the metal conductor must be the "current" formed by the "directional movement of electrons";

The "current direction" is the directional direction of movement of "positive charge or high charge", and the direction of "positive charge" movement is "opposite" to the direction of movement of "electrons" (negative charge), so the direction of "current" and "electron" (negative charge) move in opposite directions.

So the current in the diagram above is the result of the electrons in the metal conductor moving in the opposite direction of the current that is now formed.

According to the left-hand rule, judge the direction of the Lorentz force on the electron, the four fingers point to the direction of the current (the opposite direction of the electron movement), so that the magnetic inductance line passes through the palm, guess the direction of the electron's thumb is the direction of the electron's force, that is, the electron is stressed to the A side, so the A side gathers negative charges, the electric potential is low, so the A side has a high potential.

According to the Poyinting vector, the direction of the current is determined to be perpendicular to the direction of the electric field and the direction of the magnetic field, respectively.