How to judge the types of medical research design and how to classify them?

The classification of modern medical research can be divided into basic medicine, clinical medicine, preventive medicine and health management research along the classification of natural sciences. The subjects of the study include normal people, sick people, animals (laboratory animals) and the natural and social environment in which organisms depend. Includes research studies:

In order to understand the health status of the population (the distribution, prevalence, incidence, mortality and mortality levels and growth of diseases) and study the pathogenic or protective effects of environmental factors, researchers must carry out a thorough investigation design in combination with their specialties. The survey design is the precursor and basis of the investigation and research work, and it is also the guarantee of the accuracy and reliability of the survey results. The characteristics of survey design are that the research factors exist objectively, such as occupation, region, ethnicity, etc.; Randomization cannot be used to balance the influence of confounding factors on the survey results, so the focus is on the design of questionnaires, analysis tables and sampling methods.

Clinical trials: The content of clinical medical research is very extensive, including research in the fields of science, diagnosis, efficacy and prognosis. Due to space limitations, only the observation of the efficacy is elaborated.

The content of the efficacy study includes the effects of drugs, surgery, physical and chemical factors, as well as the role of auxiliary measures and preventive measures such as nutrition and nursing, and can also be the study of a complete set of ** programs or a specific form of ** measures. The indicators of efficacy studies can be, depending on the purpose: survival or death, recovery or non-healing, effectiveness or ineffectiveness, presence or absence of symptoms or signs, changes in physiological and biochemical indicators, etc.

How to evaluate the quality of clinical efficacy, we should pay attention to the type of trial design, the scientificity of the subject factors (drugs, surgery, physical and chemical factors, etc.), the representativeness of the subject and the correctness of its diagnosis, and the uniformity and reliability of the efficacy index. Experimental research: A number of randomly selected experimental subjects are randomly assigned to two or more treatment groups to observe and compare the effects of different treatment factors, which is called experimental research.

Experimental research is characterized by the ability of researchers to artificially set treatment factors; The type or level of treatment factors received by study participants was determined by random assignment. As a result, experimental studies can control errors more effectively, allowing multiple experimental factors to be included in a smaller number of experiments.

Experimental research in the broad sense includes animal experiments, clinical trials, and community intervention trials.

The topic selection is the problem that you want to study or prepare to solve, such as the unsolved problems of a disease, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, etc. After selecting the problem to be studied, the research topic can be established, the design can be carried out, and the plan can be formulated. The purpose of clinical medical research is to target diseases, especially the diseases that are most common and cause the most serious consequences to human beings, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, etc., and can also study emerging diseases at home and abroad.

The research content includes exploring the disease or risk factors, clarifying the process and mechanism of disease occurrence and development, explaining some clinical phenomena and the significance of diagnosis and judgment of prognosis, exploring or evaluating new diagnostic methods and technologies, and observing the effects of new measures, toxicity or factors affecting the prognosis or mortality rate of the disease, etc., the purpose of which is to improve the understanding of the law of disease occurrence and development, improve the methods of diagnosis, prevention and prevention, so as to improve the quality of medical care and the level of prevention and treatment, in short, To a certain extent, the research topic reflects the level of scientific research work, and the topic should be innovative, scientific and applied, and the means to complete it should be completed. Write the title in the most concise and clear words, and the topic is basically the topic of the later research. A decision must be taken in its entirety.

Source: Innovative Medical Network.

A physician who has both theoretical foundation and rich experience should conduct clinical scientific research in a planned and purposeful manner in clinical medical work, develop the medical cause in order to achieve the above research objectives, and make his own contribution to the protection and promotion of human health.

Source: Innovative Medical Network.

Topic**: There are many topics for research, from the occurrence of diseases to the prevention and treatment of many links, and there are one or another problems worth studying and exploring in each link. In the past, these topics can be combined with their own specialty, interests, conditions to select topics, report the topic, apply for funding, there are also many tasks issued by superiors to conditions, units or collaboration, with the introduction of competition mechanism in the reform of the economic system, scientific research bidding has been carried out, the topic of the bidding is all aspects of disease prevention and control, in order to determine the common diseases in the population, the main disease, the state, the Ministry of Health, and the provinces have their own bidding projects every year, such as the 2000 National Natural ** "Project Guide" Bidding, you can choose the topic you want to study on the "Project Guide", write the scientific research design and make a bid, once you win the bid, you can get considerable research funds to ensure the completion of the research task.

Source: Innovative Medical Network.

Ultrasound medical research design'The research design is basically the same as that of other clinical disciplines. It can generally be divided into two broad categories: one is forward-looking'One is retrospective. The former are topics that have been preliminarily or not yet worked on in the past'Conduct predictive research'For example, how to study the value of a new technology and new method for clinical diagnosis'The results can be of practical value'The opposite can also be concluded.

The latter is a retrospective summary of the work done in the past. The current use of prospective research has new practical significance.

Medical science research is divided into: basic research, applied research and developmental research.

The purpose and significance of medical research are as follows:

1. The hospital undertakes the four major tasks of medical treatment, teaching, scientific research and preventive health care, and medical scientific research is an important means to promote the development of medicine, and is a necessary measure to ensure and continuously improve the quality of medical care, cultivate medical talents, and promote the modernization of hospital management.

2. The progress of scientific research, the number and level of scientific and technological achievements and scientific and technological talents, and the introduction and application of new business and new technologies are important indicators to measure the medical and academic level of a modern hospital.

3. The need to improve the level of medical technology and medical quality and improve people's health. The purpose of hospital research is to study the nature of human life and the law of the occurrence of disease resistance, development, prevention and eradication, so as to achieve the purpose of improving human health, prolonging life and improving labor ability.

4. With the continuous development of society, China's medical model and disease spectrum have undergone significant changes, and the organized medical research can summarize the past practical experience in depth and systematically, deepen the understanding of human life and disease phenomena and their occurrence and development laws, and continuously develop new medical theories.

5. Open up new fields of research, overcome new technical difficulties, constantly seek the best ways and methods to maintain human health and prevent and treat diseases, continuously improve medical technology and medical quality, and meet the people's growing needs for medical technology. The purpose and significance of medical research is to promote the construction of disciplines and the need to cultivate high-quality medical talents.

The purpose of hospital research is to study the nature of human life and the law of the occurrence, development, prevention and elimination of diseases, so as to achieve the purpose of improving human health, prolonging life expectancy and improving labor ability.

Scientific research can be classified in a variety of ways, and there are three main divisions: classification according to the purpose of the research, classification according to the content of the research, and classification according to the nature of the scientific research.

1. According to the classification of research objectives, it can be divided into three types: exploratory research, narrative research, and causal research.

1. Exploratory research

Exploratory research is a type of research in which the research object or problem is initially understood, in order to obtain a preliminary impression and perceptual understanding, and to provide a foundation and direction for more thorough and in-depth research in the future. This type of research is used because of the lack of previous research experience and the lack of clarity about the relationships between variables.

In addition, there is a lack of theoretical basis, and in this case, there will be problems of taking care of one or the other or generalizing in a partial way, as well as a waste of time, funds and manpower. There are many ways to fall into this type of research, such as participating in observations, unstructured interviews, literature review, case analysis, etc., and are often small-scale research activities.

2. Descriptive research

Descriptive research, also known as narrative research, refers to the study whose results are to correctly describe the characteristics or overall picture of some population or a certain phenomenon, and the task is to collect data, discover the situation, provide information, and describe the main laws and characteristics from the chaotic phenomenon. The point is not why there is such a distribution, <>

Rather, it is the accuracy and generalization of the description (narrative) of the distribution. What distinguishes descriptive research from exploratory research is its systematic, structural, and comprehensive nature, as well as the large sample size of the study. Generally speaking, there is a planned, purposeful, directional, and detailed outline of the research, the collection of data mainly uses closed-question questionnaire surveys, and the use of statistical methods to process the data return code, to obtain a variety of results based on numbers, and to extrapolate them to the population, both with the sample data of the study to illustrate the overall situation.

Much of the research in education lends itself to narrative research. There are various ways to fall under this type of research, for example, surveys, case studies, comparative studies, related studies, development studies.

Medical research design is a methodological and instrumental science of statistical design and data processing in medical research. It is very helpful to establish a sense of scientific and technological innovation as soon as possible, to enter the role of scientific research as soon as possible while engaging in professional work, to undertake scientific research tasks, to produce results early, and to make more contributions.

Features of medical research:

1. The research conditions are not easy to control;

2. Long research cycle;

3. The individual differences of the experimental subjects are large, the influencing factors are many, and the degree of variation of the experimental results is large;

4. Ethics and moral issues.

Scientific research is a series of innovative activities in which human beings consciously use scientific methods to explore the unknown and discover new facts, new laws, new theories, and new technologies in the future.

Definition of medical scientific research: Medical scientific research is an innovative activity in which medical staff actively and consciously use the theories and methods of basic disciplines to explore the objective laws of disease occurrence and development and the prevention and treatment effects of biological individuals from pathology, immune macrofiles, genetics, diagnosis, prevention, etc.

The importance of scientific research - science and technology are the primary productive forces. Science and technology are the prerequisites for promoting the development of undertakings and social progress, and science and technology are an important symbol of the country's prosperity and the people's strength, and the state has attached great importance to the development of science, technology, and education.

1. Reinforced concrete raft foundation: the overall foundation is evenly stressed, which can resist the tensile cracking phenomenon caused by the uneven settlement of the foundation to a certain extent;

2. Cup-shaped foundation: for local areas with poor geological conditions and excessive replacement costs, this foundation is used, which can save a certain cost;

3. Strip base and independent column base: strip foundation is generally used in places with good geological conditions, and the weight of the superstructure is relatively low; The monogram should also not be used in places where uneven settlement will occur;

4. Box foundation: the local stress point is very large or there is a dynamic load;

5. Pile foundation: good force and force transmission effect;