Is black soil black because the soil contains humus?

The reason why the black soil is black is because the soil is rich in humus and has a high content of organic matter, but due to the high-intensity development in recent years, the black soil has been overdrawn for a long time.

In order to save the black soil and continue to maintain a high-yield state, in a place has been realized to promote local legislation, now Jilin Province has issued a special "Jilin Province Black Soil Protection Regulations", Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia have issued these regulations based on black soil, and then, we are exploring and realizing conservation tillage, straw no-tillage mulching, writing the main thing is to strengthen the construction of the entire infrastructure of the black soil, irrigation and drainage facilities, so that the use of ideas and behavior and science and technology combined, Only then can we restore the value of the black soil. <>

There is also a very important issue is the protection of black soil, now for the protection of black soil, everyone is also very concerned about the black soil in the Northeast is known as the giant panda in the cultivated land, so how to protect the black soil, is a very serious problem, the black soil is the most fertile in the whole soil, the organic matter content of the black soil is about 10 times that of the loess, according to the survey, it is found that under natural conditions, if you want to form a 1 cm black soil layer roughly takes 200 to 400 years, Our black soil in China is distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. <>

I hope that we can make reasonable use of the resources given to us by the natural environment, do not over-exploit, and at the same time of development and use, we must reinvent them, only in this way, we can always recycle natural resources, because resources are limited. If we overexploit it, we will only reduce the number of resources, so we need to protect natural resources as well. We believe that while we protect natural resources, nature will bring us better feedback, and at the same time, we can obtain greater benefits.

This is not only for us, but for future generations. <>

Yes, humus itself is black, which is conducive to plant growth, and the content of organic matter is relatively high, which is evolved after the death of surface plants, so the soil is called black soil.

Yes, there is enough humus in the soil, which then causes the soil to turn black and some plants cannot decompose in time.

Be. The black soil has high organic matter content, fertile soil and loose soil, which is a high-quality land suitable for farming.

That's right.

In mid to late October every year, the temperature quickly turns cold and freezes, the microbial activity in the soil is inhibited, and the residues after plant death cannot be quickly decomposed, and gradually accumulate in the soil, forming a thick humus layer, and the humus component in the soil is black, and finally forms the current continuous black soil area.

The topography of the black soil area is mostly undulating and undulating, so the precipitation is concentrated in summer, and the infiltration water flow makes the soluble organic colloids, nutrients and ash elements in the soil leachate and move downward, and accumulate in the alluvial layer.

This is also the reason why the soil structure of black soil is good, most of it is granular and lumpy structure, the soil layer is loose and porous, there is no calcium layer, no lime reaction, there are iron, manganese nodules, white powder and gray patches and streaks.

Distribution of black soils

The world's three major black soil regions are the Great Plain of Ukraine, covering an area of about 1.9 million square kilometers; the Mississippi River Basin in North America, covering an area of about 1.2 million square kilometers; The black soil region of Northeast China covers an area of about 1.03 million square kilometers.

The Ukrainian plain and the Mississippi River in the United States, like the black soil in the northeast, are distributed in the cold temperate zone with four distinct seasons, due to the lush vegetation and cold winters, a large number of dead branches and leaves are difficult to decay and decompose, and a thick humus has been formed after thousands of years, that is, a fertile black soil layer. The organic matter content of black soil is about ten times that of loess, and it is the land with the highest fertility and the most suitable for farming, so the world's three major black soil regions have been developed into important food bases.

The Northeast is located at a higher latitude and has a colder climate. The black soil is under cold climate conditions, the surface vegetation after the death of a long time after the erosion of humus after the evolution of the formation, with its high organic matter content, fertile soil, loose soil, the most suitable for farming is famous all over the world, known as the "grain warehouse". The black soil in Northeast China is a soil with black humus topsoil layer developed in the parent material of alluvial-flood deposits, sandy aeolian deposits, etc., and this kind of soil has fine particles, good properties and high fertility, which is suitable for farming.

China's black soil is mainly distributed in the Northeast Plain, and its administrative area involves Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and parts of eastern Inner Mongolia.

China has a large population and a small per capita arable land, and in the event of a famine, the consequences will be unimaginable. It is precisely because we have a sense of "food shortage" that our country has been increasing grain production. At present, China has achieved the good result of "nine consecutive increases" in grain production, the grain self-sufficiency rate has been maintained at more than 95 percent for a long time, and the foundation for food security is solid.

At the same time, China is also constantly increasing its grain imports, giving grain a "double insurance".

The black soil area belongs to the cold temperate continental monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, long, cold and dry winters, and the average annual temperature is around. Black soil is generally considered to be a soil formed under temperate steppe meadow conditions, and its natural vegetation is grassland meadow plants. At the time of formation, most of the parent material is loess clay, and the soil texture is heavy, the water permeability is poor, and there is a seasonal frozen layer.

In the warm and rainy summer, the plants grow luxuriantly, resulting in a very large annual accumulation of aboveground and underground organic matter. At the end of autumn, the frost period arrives very early, causing plants to die and be stored on the surface and underground, and as the temperature drops sharply, organic matter such as branches and leaves do not have time to decompose. The black soil particles are fine, uniform and consistent, the reason is: the particle size of the soil-forming parent material determines the soil characteristics, and the black soil is mainly distributed in the Northeast Plain, where the terrain is flat, the surface is more flowing water or wind sediments, and the soil-forming parent material particles dominated by flowing water or wind sediments are fine and uniform.

The climatic environment of the formation of black soil is because the area is relatively cold, and then the soil is frozen, and at the same time, the nutrients contained in the soil are also locked in it, so the black soil is more fertile.

Black soil generally survives in a relatively cold environment, and after a long period of erosion and evolution, a lot of humus remains in the land, which increases the organic matter content of black soil and makes the soil more fertile.

Black soil is a soil that slowly evolves after a particularly cold climate and long-term erosion of surface vegetation, and the organic matter content of black soil is particularly high.

The reason for the fertility of black soil is the abundance of organic matter. At present, only the Northeast region of China has black soil, the Northeast region is a temperate monsoon climate, the summer rain and heat at the same time, which is conducive to the growth of vegetation, but the winter temperature is low and cold and dry, and the leaves are more but the microbial activity is weak, so the organic matter of the soil is rich and the black soil is formed.

Black soil

Black soil is the soil that evolves after the death of surface vegetation and the formation of humus after long-term erosion, and the black soil has high organic matter content, fertile soil, and is suitable for crop growth.

At present, in the world, only the Mississippi River Basin in the United States, the Great Plains of Ukraine and Northeast China have found cold black soil, and China's black soil area is 1.02 million square kilometers.

China's black soil is distributed in the black soil area of Northeast China, the east and west sides of the mountains in the central and southern sections of the Daxing'an Mountains, the middle of the Songnen Plain in Northeast China, and the watershed areas of the Songhua River and Li'o.

The decomposition of organic fertilizers is a complex process. The process of mineralization and humification of organic matter can only be carried out under soil microbial crops. In order for organic matter to be decomposed, the release of nutrients must rely on the activities of microorganisms.

In the process of decaying, the decomposition and synthesis of organic matter are carried out at the same time.

On the one hand, some organic substances change from complex forms to simple forms, from water-insoluble substances to water-soluble substances, so as to improve the effectiveness of nutrients and make nutrients easy to be absorbed and utilized by crops, which is mineralization.

On the other hand, some simple compounds or intermediate products in the decomposition process, under the action of microorganisms, are resynthesized into complex compounds, and finally can be synthesized into humus, which is humification. Therefore, the production of humus is an important indicator of the decomposition of organic fertilizer, and its content is closely related to the quality of organic fertilizer.

Loam soil has good air permeability and is suitable for plant growth, especially grasses. Deciduous and rotten roots are important for organic matter in the soil. Correcting the fact that the organic matter content of loam is not necessarily high, but it is generally higher, and if you want to analyze the reasons for the high, it is what I said.

Due to the action of microorganisms, the soil polymerizes to form a special class of polymer organic compounds.

Among all the soils, the fertility of black soil should be relatively high, but not all areas have black soil, and there are mainly the following three areas in the world. <>

In fact, there is a very broad black soil in the Northeast Plain of China, most of which are distributed in the Songnen Plain and the Sanjiang Plain, and in these areas, the area of the black soil is still relatively large, with a total area of 350,000 square kilometers. In the northeast plain of China, the thickness of black soil can reach about one meter. Many people may not know much about this, you must know that it takes about 200 400 years to form a centimeter of black soil, and if you calculate according to this, if you want to form a black soil with a thickness of one meter, then it will take at least 20,000 years or so.

In fact, the Ukrainian Plain is the southern part of the Eastern European Plain, and it is mainly concentrated in Ukraine. There is also a large amount of black soil in the Ukrainian plain, with a total area of 1.9 million square kilometers, and the Ukrainian plain is also the largest area of black soil distribution in the world. The crops in this area are mainly wheat and sugar beet, and barley is also grown in some areas.

For a long time, this area was called the "granary", mainly because the land of the Ukrainian plains is very fertile and the crops are very well harvested. <>

The Mississippi River is the largest and longest river in North America, and this area is also known as the Great Plains of the United States. Similarly, in the Great Plains of the United States, there is a lot of black soil, and the total area of the Mississippi River Plain in North America is 1.53 million square kilometers, and of these 1.53 million square kilometers, 1.2 million square kilometers are black soil. Wheat and corn are the main crops in this area, and because there are many farms in this area and the scale is large, the yield of crops is also very high.

The Northeast Plain covers Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and parts of eastern Inner Mongolia. The fertilizer is very good, the soil is abundant, and the black soil is a clayey soil with strong expansion and disturbance characteristics.

Heilongjiang, Jilin, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hebei. The above areas are rich in black soil.

The black soil of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces is the most fertile land in China, the black soil of the Great Plains of Ukraine, and the black soil of the Mississippi River Basin in the United States.

China's black soil is mainly distributed in the Northeast Plain, Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain and other places, suitable for planting soybeans, wheat, sorghum and so on.

The reasons for the thinning of the humus layer in black soil are as follows:

1.Over-tillage: Over-tillage destroys the structure of the black soil, causing it to lose its stability and water-holding capacity, leading to humus loss.

2.Climate change: Climate change can lead to changes in environmental conditions such as rainfall and temperature, which can affect the rate of plant growth and death. All of these factors have an impact on the accumulation of humus.

3.Land use change: With the acceleration of urbanization and the advancement of agricultural modernization, a large amount of farmland has been converted into industrial parks or urban construction land. At the same time, the use of large quantities of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other pesticides in modern agriculture will also cause damage to the black soil.

4.Natural disasters: Natural disasters such as floods, droughts and other extreme weather events may directly damage the surface structure of the black soil and carry away the nutrients from it, thus trapping hail and causing the sparse layer of scheming to become more scarce.

In summary, the combined effect of multiple factors is the main reason for the gradual disappearance of the humus layer in the black soil.