What is the new calendar compiled by Zu Chongzhi 5

Most of Zu Chongzhi's achievements in astronomical calendars are included in the "Great Ming Calendar" compiled by him and the "Refutation" written for the "Great Ming Calendar".

Before Zu Chongzhi, the calendar used by people was the "Yuanjia Calendar" compiled by astronomer He Chengtian. After years of observation and calculation, Zu Chongzhi found that there were great errors in the "Yuan Jia Calendar". So Zu Chongzhi set out to formulate a new calendar, and in the sixth year of Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty (462 AD), he compiled the "Great Ming Calendar".

The Great Ming calendar was never adopted during Zu Chongzhi's lifetime, and it was not officially promulgated and implemented until the ninth year of Emperor Wu of Liang (510 AD). The main achievements of the Great Ming Calendar are as follows:

The distinction between the return year and the sidereal year was made, and for the first time, the precession was introduced into the calendar, and the precession was measured to be one degree in November of the year 45 (the current estimate is about one degree in the year). The introduction of precession was a major advance in the history of the Chinese calendar.

Set a return year as the day (now measured as the day), it has been the most accurate data until the fifth year of the Southern Song Dynasty Ningzong Qingyuan (1199 AD) Yang Zhong's auxiliary system of the Heavenly Calendar.

The new leap week with 144 leap years in 391 years is more sophisticated than the leap week with 7 leap years in 19 years used in the previous calendar.

The number of days in the month of the fixed node is the day (the current measurement is the day). Zu Chongzhi used the Ming calendar to calculate the time of 4 lunar eclipses that occurred in 23 years from the thirteenth year of Yuanjia (436 AD) to the third year of the Ming Dynasty (459 AD), and the results were completely consistent with the reality.

It is concluded that Jupiter transcends once every 84 years, that is, the orbital period of Jupiter is determined to be years (now measured as years).

A more precise five-star conjunction period is given, with Mercury and Jupiter also approaching modern values.

A method of measuring the shadow length of the sun at noon was proposed to determine the time of the winter solstice.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: What is the name of the calendar compiled by Zu Chongzhi? Very important!

Analysis: Zu Chongzhi's research on the astronomical calendar began as early as his teenage years. After years of actual observation and repeated calculations, he found that He Chengtian's "Yuan Jia Calendar" used at that time was no longer consistent with the actual celestial phenomena.

For example, according to the "Yuan Jia Calendar", the position of the sun at the winter solstice is 3 degrees different from the measured results, the difference between the winter solstice and the summer solstice is 1 day, the difference between the time of the five stars is 40 days, and so on. This situation clearly needs to change. Therefore, he set about compiling a new calendar, which later became known as the "Great Ming Calendar".

Most of the achievements of Liang Peng Zu Chongzhi in the astronomical calendar are contained in the "Great Ming Calendar" and the "Refutation" written for the "Great Ming Calendar". According to Zu Chongzhi's self-description, the "Daming Calendar" "has two meanings for change, and three feelings for trying". The so-called "change" refers to the introduction of precession in the calculation of the calendar and the reform of the leap week, which is a major advance in the history of the Chinese calendar and has had a profound impact on later generations.

The so-called "try" refers to the addition of some conditions when calculating the year of the Yuan Dynasty, such as the year of Jiazi, the first day of November is the day of Jiazi, the combination of the sun and the moon, and the combination of the five stars, etc., which has promoted the study of the coincidence solution in mathematics, but it is not of great significance to the development of the calendar.

Zu Chongzhi formulated the "Great Demolition Calendar";

In the sixth year of Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty, Zu Chongzhi compiled and dismantled the "Ming Calendar", which was never adopted during Zu Chongzhi's lifetime, and was not officially promulgated and implemented until the ninth year of Emperor Wu of Liang;

The Ming calendar distinguishes between the return year and the sidereal year, the first time the precession was introduced into the calendar, the precession was measured to be 45 years, so that the date of November difference is one degree, the introduction of the precession is a major progress in the history of the Chinese calendar, set a return year as the day, until the Southern Song Dynasty Ningzong Qingyuan five years Yang Zhong auxiliary system of the calendar before, it has been the most accurate data.

In 462 (the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty), Zu Chongzhi sent the "Great Ming Calendar" to Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty to request that it be announced and implemented. In the end, Emperor Xiaowu of Song decided to change the new calendar in the ninth year of the Ming Dynasty (465) and renamed it the Jiazi Yuan Calendar.

The Ming calendar uses a new leap method of 144 leap months in 391, and its leap week is extremely precise, equivalent to the length of a return year as a day, which is only 46 seconds different from today's estimated value. It was not until the Southern Song Dynasty's "Tongtian Calendar" that more accurate data than this was adopted.

In 462 (the sixth year of the Song Dynasty), Zu Chong's brother trembled to send the carefully compiled "Da Ming Calendar" to **, requesting the announcement of the implementation of envy. Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty ordered those who knew the calendar to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this calendar. In the course of the discussion, Zu Chongzhi was opposed by the conservative forces represented by Dai Faxing.

d Analysis: Zu Chongzhi was a famous astronomer, mathematician, and mechanical maker during the Southern Dynasties, and he made many achievements in his life, the most prominent of which was pi, and he was the first person in the world to calculate pi to the seventh decimal place. are all mathematical achievements, but the author of "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" is Liu Hui.

Therefore, choose the D test center: Zu Chongzhi.

Zu Chongzhi was an outstanding mathematician during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, how did he calculate pi?