Analysis: How should a company do full cost accounting?

The old horse made an opening remark with a big grin.

Yes! Lao Du, can you give me a little more understanding about cost accounting? ”

Lao Wang has always had doubts about the concept of full cost accounting, so he just took this opportunity to sort out his thoughts.

Lao Du doesn't seem to be in a hurry:

Management knowledge should come step by step! Can he digest the graduate courses for third-graders? Ahh Old horse, I don't mean anything else! Just an analogy. ”

Okay, we're in the third grade of primary school! In the past few months, we are almost at the level of junior high school, right? I think you can talk a little bit more about your high school curriculum! ”

Everyone laughed, Lao Ma really didn't care about Lao Du's teasing at this time.

We've already covered the advertising cost sharing ratio. In fact, each cost-sharing ratio can be calculated in the form of advertising cost sharing. (Figure 5-1)

Direct Cost Allocation Ratio = Total Direct Costs Total Sales Lao Du writes and draws on the whiteboard. Then, his gaze turned to Lao Wang:

At this time, Lao Wang basically understood what Lao Du said.

Add all the proration data together. ”

That's right! Isn't that simple? ”

Lao Du shows another figure on the whiteboard (Figure 5-2).

Attention: "Lao Du pointed to the arrow in the drawing

If 1 in the graph represents sales, each square in the graph represents the proportion of costs allocated among 1 sales. We add up all the small squares together; When the total height is less than 1, the enterprise will make money and profits; When Fang Kuai'er's total height is higher than 1, the company loses money.

It's amazing! Lao Du, these things come out of your mouth, why are they so simple? ”

Lao Wang sighed from the bottom of his heart!

Cost accounting mainly includes material and labor costs.

Materials are all the materials used in the production of products, mainly manufacturing costs.

Labor refers to the labor wages generated by the company's employees, mainly referring to labor costs.

Fees refer to the management expenses, financial expenses, sales expenses, etc. generated by the company's operation and management.

As long as each cost accountant counts the material and labor costs, the cost of the entire enterprise will be roughly calculated.

The most commonly used cost accounting methods for enterprises are the variety method, batch method, and step-by-step method.

The variety method is a relatively simple method of computational work. Generally, simple production in large quantities is used. For example, tap water production, raw coal and raw oil mining, etc.

This kind of production tends to be a single variety, closed production, and generally does not exist in the product at the end of the month. Even if there is a product in progress, the quantity is very small, so it is generally not necessary to divide the production cost between the finished product and the product in progress.

The batch method is a method of collecting production costs and calculating product costs according to product batches. In the small batch of single-piece production enterprises, the production activities of the enterprise are basically based on the order of the order unit to issue the work number to organize production, according to the product batch calculation of product cost, often consistent with the calculation of product cost according to the fixed wheel or search order, so the batch method is also called the order method.

The step-by-step method is a cost accounting method that uses the production stage or step of the company's products as the cost accounting object, which can be used as the allocation category by department, workshop, process, processing stage, etc., and is suitable for enterprises that require the cost calculation according to the production stage and step, such as the paper industry. This method is suitable for multi-step production in large quantities, such as metallurgy, textiles, mechanical engineering, etc.

Cost accounting is an important part of the cost management calendar, which is to allocate and collect various expenses incurred in the production and operation process of the enterprise according to a certain object to calculate the total cost and unit cost. The correctness of cost accounting directly affects the cost control work of the enterprise, and also has a significant impact on the correctness of the cost decision and business decision of the enterprise.

The workflow of accounting cost objects according to the nature of the industry and the enterprise.

Cost calculation needs to set the key points to obtain the data required for cost calculation according to the material management status of the enterprise

Such as the measurement of material consumption, the consumption of labor costs, the consumption of manufacturing costs, the number of production products, the statistics of production hours, etc

General cost accounting includes the collection of costs and expenses, and the allocation of costs and expenses.

Set up cost items: direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing expenses for accounting.

The expenses incurred in the production of products in the production workshop are included in the production cost - basic production cost, the raw materials are collected, and the raw materials are reduced and credited.

Borrowing the cost of production - the product credits the raw materials.

Indirect costs incurred in the production of labour and products are credited to the remuneration payable to employees and manufacturing costs, respectively.

Manufacturing expenses are used to account for expenses that are indirectly credited to the expense, i.e., expenses consumed that cannot be directly included in the cost of the product, and manufacturing expenses are debited when incurred. Credit the depreciation of machinery incurred on the production floor, etc.

Since manufacturing expenses are also incurred for the production of products, manufacturing expenses should be allocated to the cost of products according to the relevant allocation methods: such as labor hours, labor wages, machine hours, annual plan allocation, etc.

Borrow: Production Costs - Products Credit: Manufacturing Expenses.

If there is a work-in-progress at the end of the month, the cost of completed and work-in-progress should be calculated between completed and work-in-progress, and the cost of work-in-progress is generally calculated according to the approximate output method.

When the product is completed and put into storage, the cost of producing the product should be carried forward, that is, borrowing: finished product inventory commodity - product loan: production cost - product - direct materials, direct labor, manufacturing expenses.

When the finished product is sold, revenue is generated and costs are carried forward.

Borrow: Cost of Sales Credit: Finished Products Inventory Commodities.

Summary. Hello, glad to answer for you! The calculation method of cost accounting can be changed at any time according to the characteristics of the enterprise, and the cost calculation method is wrong. Once the cost accounting method is determined, it shall not be changed at will. The costing method is filed for tax purposes.

Hello, glad to answer for you! The calculation method of cost accounting can be changed at any time according to the characteristics of the enterprise, and the late dismantling method of cost calculation is wrong. Once the cost accounting method is determined, it should not be changed at will. The cost accounting method is filed for tax purposes.

Hello, Sen Roll is glad to answer for this Yinyu! The basis for the selection of cost accounting methods includes the characteristics of the production type of the enterprise, the mode of production organization and the requirements of cost management. Cost accounting refers to the management activities of classifying, summarizing, and accounting the expenses incurred in the process of production and operation of an enterprise in a certain period of time, according to its quality and location, and calculating the total amount of production and operation expenses in the period, and calculating the actual cost and unit cost of each product respectively.

Summary. Hello, according to the question you described, the following answer is given: The centralized cost accounting method is generally applied to relatively small enterprises:

It is conducive to improving the efficiency of the use of funds, through the accounting center regularly issuing various statements, the unit's various capital operations are clear at a glance, so that the decision-making body will be more reasonable and accurate in the allocation of limited financial funds. It is also possible to establish a uniform standard for controlling the expenditures of each unit. In addition, it can also realize the full control of the management over the subordinate units.

After the implementation of centralized accounting, the accounting center can be directly commanded, and the control can be deployed in advance to prevent it from happening.

Hello, according to the question you described, give the following answers: the cost of centralized accounting is generally used in the nuclear cover of relatively small enterprises: it is conducive to improving the efficiency of the use of funds through the accounting center regularly issued a variety of reports, the unit returns to the town of the various capital operations at a glance, so that the decision-making body in the allocation of limited financial funds, it is more leaky, reasonable and accurate.

It is also possible to establish a uniform standard for controlling the expenditures of each unit. In addition, it can also realize the full control of the management over the subordinate units. After the implementation of centralized accounting, the accounting center can be directly commanded, and the control can be deployed in advance to prevent it from happening.

The following is the relevant expansion, I hope it will help you: it is conducive to playing the role of internal and external supervision, supervision is divided into internal supervision and external supervision, in terms of internal supervision, the people of the accounting institutions pretend to be envious to implement the stool lack of forest, in the daily audit procedures, for the expenditure in violation of the regulations, timely stop, play a role in preventing corruption from the source. In terms of external oversight, such as:

The competent organs, supervisory organs, and taxation departments should come to their homes to carry out inspection and supervision work, and when they enter the accounting center, they will be able to obtain the accounting data of multiple units in a timely and accurate manner, thus greatly improving their work efficiency.

Hello, talk about your understanding of the cost accounting methods of different enterprises 1, according to the production mode of the world to determine the cost accounting method, the commonly used methods are: variety method, batch method, step method. In practice, these three can be combined with each other to search for difficulties.

If the company has a sound information management system, such as EP and other data management software, and it is running well (although the vast majority of the company's EP is in the form of nothing, or only barely achieves the function of data statistics, it also helps the details of cost accounting). 2. Basic data collection: production process standards and material consumption standards.

There are three calculation methods for product cost accounting of industrial enterprises: variety method, batch method and step-by-step method. The methods of accounting for the cost of commercial enterprises are:

Purchase price method, selling price accounting method, gross profit margin method, etc. Completely collect and account for the various costs incurred by the costing object. Correctly calculate the transfer value of means of production and the amount of expenses that should be included in the cost of the current period.

Scientifically determine the object, project, period, cost calculation method and expense allocation method of cost calculation, and ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the cost of various products. The essence of cost accounting is a conversion process of data information processing and processing, that is, the process of collecting and distributing expenses according to certain methods and procedures and in accordance with the determined cost accounting objects or use scope. Correct and timely cost accounting is of great significance for enterprises to increase production and save and achieve high yield, high quality, low consumption and more accumulation.