Literary Perspectives What are the four perspectives

The four theoretical perspectives of literary activity are based on the four elements of literary activity.

Ontology from the point of view of the work (formalism.

Expressionism from the writer's point of view (Romanticism.

Representation from the perspective of the world (realism.

and the theory of reception from the reader's point of view (aesthetics of acceptance.

ism). One-sidedness:

The one-sidedness of ontology lies in the fact that the emphasis on the independence and self-sufficiency of the work almost completely replaces the importance of the author, and the ontology of the work has reached the level of extreme. As a constituent element of literature, works are admired to the point of no return.

The one-sidedness of the theory of expression lies in the fact that it does not emphasize the objective laws that should be followed in literary creation, but opposes literary creation with scientific research and other activities, and exalts the role of "literary genius".

The one-sidedness of the theory of representation lies in the fact that the theory of representation fails to recognize that literary activity is not only an imitation of the world, but also an activity of expressing the author's feelings.

The one-sidedness of accepting aesthetics lies in overemphasizing the position of readers in literary activities, ignoring the fact that the four basic elements of literature as a discursive activity are not isolated or static from each other, but are interdependent, interpenetrating, and interacting.

Guess upstairs is right.

It is the perspective from which the content of the story is observed and told in the work. The characteristics of the perspective are usually determined by the narrator, including the third person (unfocused narration), the first person, and the second person (intrinsic focused narration).

Divided into categories: culture, art, >> literature.

Film is a collection of screenwriters, directors, actors, cinematographers, art, editing, costumes, props, makeup, lighting, stunts equal to a kind of collective creation of a comprehensive art, film and television criticism can not only make comprehensive comments on many aspects, but also focus on a certain aspect.

Literary criticism is different from intellectual criticism in general. The object of ideological criticism is social life and the various ideological problems that people manifest in their life and work, with the purpose of helping people improve their ideological understanding and distinguish between right and wrong. It can be argued through a variety of materials, as long as it sticks to the point you are trying to make.

The object of literary criticism is literary works (**, poetry, prose, drama, painting, film and television, etc.); The purpose of the review is to improve the level of reading and appreciation through the discussion and evaluation of its ideological content, creative style, artistic characteristics, etc., and of course it is possible to cite and cite various materials for argumentation, but the various materials cited on the side should be related to literary works, and the materials used in literary criticism are basically from the literary works themselves.

In addition, literary criticism is also different from the analysis of works in general. Of course, from a certain point of view, literary criticism should first be based on the analysis of the work, without analyzing how to comment; And the analysis itself naturally contains the evaluation of the work. However, there is still a difference, and the analysis of the work focuses on talking about the work "as it is"; The comments focus on "why it is like this" and "whether it is good or not".

In addition, when writing literary criticism, you don't have to quote the raw material at length, as that will crowd out your argument with the raw material; Comment points should be focused and distinct. For example, if you write such a grand classical masterpiece as "Commenting on Dream of Red Mansions", where do you start commenting? It's hard to write, but if you narrow it down to "commenting on the dialogues of the characters in "A Dream of Red Mansions", and then narrowing it down to "commenting on the linguistic characteristics of Feng Laozi in "A Dream of Red Mansions", it's easy to write.

The point of view should be clear, and the analysis of conclusive materials should be used to support the point of view, and the cited material should first come from the work itself, and of course, it can also be cited from the side, and the material analysis and point of view should always be consistent. For works that readers do not know much about, they should give a certain explanation of their relevant aspects before commenting.

At present, many kinds of literary works have been added to the new Chinese textbooks, and the selection is basically ancient and modern Chinese and foreign famous texts. In addition, film and television programs are also quite rich. Students should pick up a pen and choose a literary work that interests them and write a literary review. Not only can you improve your reading and appreciation skills, but you can also improve your written expression skills.

Here are a few comments on "My Father and Mother" written by Class 10 of the High School Affiliated to Peking University. You have already shown a few of the articles they wrote, so you can compare the examples shown before and after, and then talk about the similarities and differences between the feelings after viewing (reading) and literary criticism.

When many middle school students do reading comprehension questions, they always feel that they don't know how to start with the appreciation questions, or they feel that they have answered them comprehensively, but they are still deducted by the teacher as soon as the test paper is sent. I am very distressed about this, and I always want to find a suitable answer path, and be able to accurately and comprehensively write standard answers that are not deducted.

But there is a saying in literary appreciation: there are a thousand Hamlets for a thousand readers. Different people may have different interpretations of the same text, and even the same person will have different opinions when they read the same text at different times.

Therefore, the immutable appreciation of literature does not exist in real life, and it cannot exist, unless it is perfunctory or plagiarized.

Reading comprehension for middle school students is different from true literary appreciation. The difference is that the readers they are dealing with are graders, not readers in the real sense.

It's like asking students to dance in shackles. Not only to have a wonderful time, but also to meet the requirements of marking and answering questions.

Here I would like to talk to the students about the "three perspectives".

1."The Protagonist's Perspective".

2."The Author's Perspective".

3."God's perspective" or "reader's perspective."

First of all, literature refers to the art that uses language and writing as a tool to vividly reflect the objective reality, including drama, poetry, prose, etc., which is an important form of cultural expression, expressing inner emotions in different forms (called genres) and reproducing the social life of a certain period and a certain region.

There doesn't seem to be a specific academic term for "literary perspective", and the word that usually likes to be used to analyze a thing is "text". According to what you mean, from a "literary perspective" it should mean that things (such as movies and other arts) are placed in the position of a literary and artistic text, and this thing is analyzed with the methods and perspectives of common literary works, and even the difference between the artistic effect produced by this artistic method and the artistic effect produced by literature.

For example, when a film is analyzed from a literary perspective, it is usually analyzed from its story and its cultural connotation. If it is a song, it is analyzed from the literary aspect of the lyrics, the artistic beauty and cultural connotation, and so on.

Narrative point of view (point

ofview

or angle

ofobsevation), also known as viewpoint, or perspective point of view, is an important writing technique that is very closely related to the narrator of **, and was proposed by Henry James as a concept of **criticism in the analytical preface to ** written between 1907 and 1909.

The so-called narrative point of view refers to the perspective of narrating the work, the relationship between the author and the narrator, that is, in what capacity the writer acts as the narrator of the work.

It is divided into the narrator's viewpoint, the character's viewpoint, the plot viewpoint, and the reader's viewpoint.

The angle or perception from which people observe the problem.

Well, my understanding is to appreciate literary works from an aesthetic point of view, and it is a perspective of literary aesthetics.

Literary aesthetic content.

First, the literary subject, that is, the author, carries out aesthetic creation in the process of creation.

Second, the literary object, that is, the work, is the carrier of literary aesthetics.

Third, the recipient of literature, that is, the reader, carries out aesthetic appreciation in the process of reading.

It can also be understood in terms of longitudinal aspects:

Aesthetics and reality are opposite, and the ideal country of recording the author is the sublimation of reality, which is higher than reality and higher than reality.

Aesthetics are embodied in the combination of language, rhythm and text, and the reader receives it with a sense of physical and mental pleasure.

The literary perspective is: the rhythm and prosody of language; The plot is vividly varied.

You can refer to Literary Theory for a detailed explanation in this book.