What were the measures of the New Economic Policy of the Soviet Union in agriculture and what were t

An important element of the NEP is the replacement of the surplus grain collection system with a grain tax. The peasants pay a certain grain tax in accordance with state regulations, and the surplus grain in excess of the tax amount is owned by individuals, thus greatly reducing the peasants' burdens. To a certain extent, the restoration and use of commodity-money relations and the role of the market to consolidate the alliance of workers and peasants, to achieve the transition to socialism, the implementation of the New Economic Policy, the re-establishment of normal economic ties between industry and agriculture, the consolidation of the alliance between the working class and the peasants, and the promotion of the development of the productive forces, were welcomed by the broad masses of the people, especially the peasants, so that the crisis of 1921 was quickly overcome.

Measures: Replace the surplus grain collection system with a grain tax. It has increased the peasants' enthusiasm for production and promoted the recovery of agriculture.

Purpose: Consolidated Soviet power.

On the agricultural side of the New Economic Policy, on March 21, 1921, the decree "On Replacing the Surplus Grain Collection System with a Tax in Kind" was promulgated, stipulating that after the peasants paid the grain tax, the surplus grain and other agricultural products could be exchanged for goods in the market. The amount of grain tax was greatly reduced compared with the surplus grain collection system, and the national tax amount in 1921-1922 was 43.3 percent lower than that of the previous year.

In 1922, the Outline of the Agrarian Decree was adopted, which allowed the peasants to freely use the land and to lease it and hire workers under Soviet supervision.

After the Soviet Union gained de facto control of the Soviet-type Dongsun Union [October Revolution], the Soviet Union entered a civil war under the invasion of hostile forces at home and abroad. The Soviets** adopted a series of economic measures, which were called war communism, the introduction of a surplus grain manual system, the nationalization of all industrial enterprises, the abolition of freedom** (somewhat like today's**protectionism), the introduction of a universal system of forced labor.

After the end of the Civil War, war communism continued in the Soviet Union, but it caused an economic and political crisis. Due to dissatisfaction with the system at that time, in February 1921, a mutiny occurred at a naval base in Soviet Russia. Later, Lenin adjusted his policy and changed the system of collecting surplus grain to a grain tax.

Not only that, but also canceled the nationalization chain of some small and medium-sized enterprises (unleashing the vitality of enterprises?). Private capitalists are allowed to operate in a certain process. The series of policies to restore freedom** is known as the "New Economic Policy".

The implementation of these policies not only stabilized the political situation, but also contributed to the recovery of the Soviet economy. This policy lasted until 1924, before Stalin came to power, until 1925, when the Soviet national economy was restored.

Evaluation of Soviet Russia. New Economic Policy.

First, the implementation of the NEP made it possible for the crisis of the spring of 1921 to disappear quickly and production to recover steadily. It satisfies the economic requirements of laborers and is welcomed by the vast number of peasant workers. The workers' and peasants' alliance was consolidated and the Soviet power was reaped.

Consolidating day by day. Second, it explored ways and means of building socialism in small peasant countries, promoted the development of the productive forces, and moved from capitalism to socialist industrialization and collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union.

The transition to socialism created the conditions. Third, some of its principles and experiences have provided valuable historical experience for the international communist movement and are a major development of Marxist theory.

b First of all, the national economy of Soviet Russia was seriously damaged by the successive wars.

There is a serious shortage of daily necessities, and the people's lives are miserable. Second, the economic devastation had serious political consequences, with the lack of food and raw materials making it impossible for most factories to open, and many workers were forced to starve and leave the factories and run back to the countryside. The ranks of the working class were scattered, the situation in the countryside was even more severe, and the vast number of peasants refused to accept the policy of war communism anymore.

The discontent of the peasants affected the army, and in February 192l, a naval mutiny occurred in Kronstad, the main base of the Baltic Fleet, which was quickly quelled. However, the situation of the Soviet power remained critical. Lenin said:

In the spring of 1921 we were hit by a severe economic and political crisis. Thirdly, in March 1921, the "Tenth Congress" of the Russian Communist Party was held, at which Lenin made a report on the replacement of the surplus grain collection system with taxes in kind. On the basis of Lenin's report, the congress adopted a resolution to abolish the system of collecting surplus grain and introduce a grain tax.

Thus began the transition from the policy of war communism to the New Economic Policy.

b。First of all, Russia continued to practice wartime communism after the end of the civil war, hoping to directly enter communism. However, the "surplus grain collection system" in wartime communism seriously harmed the interests of the peasants, and there was also a universal compulsory labor system, which reduced the people's enthusiasm for production.

Therefore, there was a mutiny at one of the naval bases in Soviet Russia (I think that the naval servicemen at that time, whose homes should have been in the countryside, must have been dissatisfied watching their parents suffer). Therefore, Lenin realized the gravity of the incident and did not cancel the policy of wartime communism, and the mutiny would not have been just a naval base! So the new economy was introduced.

b.The war policy was not suited to the situation after the end of the war, and Lenin met to transition to the NEP.

After the October Revolution, the policy of wartime communism was implemented, which was to implement the surplus grain collection system, and the peasants' surplus grain was sold to the state with a very low amount of **; The industrialization of the country is widely carried out, the nationalization of large and medium-sized enterprises and the supervision of small enterprises; Abolish the commodities **' necessities of life by the state collective**; Forced labor, the principle of not working and not eating is implemented. The policy of wartime communism was carried out under special historical conditions, which concentrated national strength to a great extent and ensured victory in the war. But the peasants were increasingly dissatisfied with the policy of wartime communism, and riots broke out frequently.

In 1921 Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy. In agriculture, a fixed grain tax was used instead of a collection system; Industry Enterprises that are the lifeblood of the country are managed by the state, and small and medium-sized enterprises are run by foreign capitalists; Restoration of private small businesses. In terms of circulation, there has been a shift from product exchange to allowing freedom**.

After the implementation of the New Economic Policy, it was supported by the broad masses of workers and peasants, and the national power was restored and Soviet power was consolidated. After Lenin's death in the 30s, Stalin implemented a highly centralized political and economic system, and implemented a single public ownership, including national ownership and collective ownership; the implementation of a highly centralized economic management system; the implementation of a command-planned economy that excludes the market; It mainly implements administrative means to manage the economy. This system has made great achievements in economic construction, but its shortcomings have become more and more prominent, and even affect the survival of the Soviet Union.