Which ancient texts are complete? What are some ancient books to recommend? How to read ancient text

Most of the ancient books are incomplete, especially such unofficial books, which are still before the Han Dynasty. If you want to see it, it is recommended to take a look at "Historical Records", Zhonghua Book Company Edition, 2005, a total of three books, blue hard shell, full of annotations and phonetics.

Most of the ancient books are better printed by Zhonghua Book Company and Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, although they are a bit expensive, but the quality is ***, and some vague places have very detailed explanations.

If you want to see the translation and translation, the phonetic, Shanghai translation and Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House have a set, ** is not expensive, you can go to the bookstore to find it.

Some of the "Four Books" are also incomplete, such as "This is the knowledge of the book, this is the knowledge of the Zhizhi" (University) in front of a large part of the scattered. Therefore, ancient books are often incomplete. Even the engraved copies of the Song and Yuan dynasties are now hard to find.

If it is said that there is no target at all, I am afraid that most of the books were written in Mengxue and the Ming and Qing dynasties. In fact, the scattering is largely artificial, and even a large number of "Zhuangzi" have been deleted by later generations. It is recommended to take a look at "Bingjian", "Longwen Whip Shadow", "Cuiwei Caotang Notes", "Tibetan Chronicles", "Zeng Guo Fan's Family Book", and "Caigen Tan", all of which are well preserved.

Of course, you can also take a look at the twenty-two histories, the first four histories are quite well preserved. But I dare not guarantee that there has not been tampering with the whole book of the four libraries. Good luck finding your beloved books.

The Four Books are complete, and some of the sentences in the Five Classics, like some of the poems in the Book of Songs, are incomplete, and some are scattered.

Hundred Cities: "Northern History: The Biography of Li Xiaobo": "The husband has thousands of books, why fake the hundred cities in the south?" "Calling the rich book collectors a "hundred cities".

Book field: Cultivating the field is a metaphor for reading, so the book is also called "book field". The allusion comes from "Wang Mai's Poem of Sending His Nephew to Zhangpu for a Thousand Miles": "I wish my son to continue from now on, and sow diligently in the book field." ”

Sutras: scriptures, scriptures, generally refer to the most important instructive works; Tsuna, a box containing books. "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, the Biography of Wenyuan, Bian Yun":

Abdominal poop, five meridians. But sleep, thinking about things. "And "Xu Ling Jin Ling Taishou Wang Lide Political Monument":

Learning is a classic, and the text is a treasure. Later generations burned and buried with "scripture" to replace many good books, and used "belly" to metaphor erudition.

10,000 volumes: Du Fu's "Twenty-two Rhymes for Wei Zuo Chengzhang".

Read more than 10,000 volumes, and write like a god. "Yu erudition, later generations used to replace the number of books with an astonishing amount.

Disaster pear jujube: Yu bad article, bad book. In ancient times, pear wood and jujube woodcarved books were specially engraved with poor quality articles, which meant that pear and jujube wood were affected, and in today's words, it is Zipai that makes the lead word unlucky.

Qian Zhongsu, ** house, Yan Ruyu.

Song Zhenzong's "Persuasion of Learning": "Read and read, there are thousands of bells in the book; Read and read, the book has its own ** house; Read and read, there is Yan Ruyu in the book. "In feudal times, it was often used to refer to books.

Five cars: five cars are used to carry books, and there are many books, and the words of "Zhuangzi Tianxia": "Hui Shi."

Many parties, its book five cars. ”

Sweat Cow Chongdong: Liu Zongyuan.

Mr. Lu Wentong's tomb table": "It is a book, and it is full of buildings, and it is sweaty and sweaty." Later generations used "sweat cow", "full building" or "sweat cow full building" to borrow.

Extremely rich collection.

Dan lead: Dansha.

With lead powder, the ancient dot leather book was used when the school books. Ming Dynasty Yang Shen.

The work that collects the similarities and differences between his research books is called "Dan Lead Record". Later generations also used it to borrow books that had been calibrated or verified.

At the same time, because the ancient words (real words, imaginary words), rhetoric and usage are very different from those now, it often causes difficulties in understanding, such as "wife" in ancient times refers to wife and children, and now only refers to the meaning of wife, there are many such examples; In addition, the original ancient documents do not have punctuation marks, and it is even more difficult to use traditional characters. So how can it be solved?

1. How to understand ancient texts?

To read ancient books, the first premise is to have a certain ability to read ancient texts, otherwise even if there are many high-quality ancient books in front of you, you will be at a loss and have no way to start. So how can you have the ability to read ancient texts? I believe that after studying in middle school and high school, you will have a certain reading foundation.

If you've forgotten or have no foundation, there are two books that are your best choice.

1) The "artifact" of self-study of ancient literature

The so-called set of books refers to the "Synchronous Tutoring and Practice of Ancient Chinese" edited by Wang Li and published by Zhonghua Book Company, which has three volumes, which is the best teacher for learning the introduction of ancient Chinese. According to the evolution of ancient Chinese usage, excerpts from representative works from the pre-Qin period to the Song and Yuan dynasties are selected, which can help learners establish a complete knowledge system.

The so-called dictionary refers to the "Common Dictionary of Ancient Chinese" edited by Wang Li and published by the Commercial Press, which is a necessary reference book suitable for self-study. In addition, you can also buy "Ancient Chinese", edited by Wang Li and published by Zhonghua Book Company.

The so-called a**: refers to the Han Classics. You can search directly, in which you can find the evolution of the word and the ancient and modern meanings, the traditional and simple variant characters are complete, the query is convenient and fast, and the "lazy" must be. As shown below:

2. What are the recommended ancient books?

For the recommended ancient books, only "Zuo Chuan" (Yang Bojun's "Notes on the Zuo Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period") and "Historical Records" (published by Zhonghua Book Company) are recommended for entry-level books.

1) There are too many introductory books to choose, which is easy to make it difficult to choose, and it is easy to give up.

2) The Zuo Chuan retains the original usage of ancient Chinese in the pre-Qin period, from which the evolution of characters and words in later generations was developed, in addition to the concise language, vivid description, and strong readability.

3) The "Records of the Historians" inherits the evolution of ancient Chinese in the pre-Qin period, and the development system of ancient Chinese in the Han and Tang dynasties and beyond.

4) The recommended textbooks actually cover the common usage of ancient Chinese.

In addition, I also want to say that as long as you read these two books, ancient Chinese will at least solve 80% of your problems, and for ancient Chinese after the Wei and Jin dynasties, it is not a problem at all!

In conclusion, I would like to say that no matter how good the advice is, if it is not acted, ancient Chinese is still out of reach.

The Book of Han is an ancient text.

The Book of Han, also known as the Book of the Han Dynasty before the imitation of infiltration, is one of the "Twenty-four History" of China's first chronicle of the dynastic history. Compiled by the Eastern Han Dynasty historian Ban Gu, it has been a great time for more than 20 years, and was basically completed in the early years of construction, and was explained by Yan Shigu in the later Tang Dynasty. Among them, the eight tables of the "Book of Han" were written by Ban Zhao, the sister of Ban Gu.

The Book of Han created a dynastic historical style of "Baoju Generation". The Book of Han is another important historical book in ancient China after the Records of the Historians, and is known as the "First Four History" together with the Records of the Historians, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms. The Book of Han mainly describes the historical events of 229 years from the first year of Han Gaozu (206 BC) in the Western Han Dynasty to the fourth year of Emperor Mangdi (23 AD) of the New Dynasty.

The Book of Han includes 12 chapters of the book, 8 chapters of the table, 10 articles of filial piety, 70 chapters of biography, a total of 100 articles, and the descendants are divided into 120 volumes, with a total of 800,000 words.

Counting, Hanshu is one of the 24 histories, written by Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, compiled in the style of Ji Chuan, and belongs to ancient texts.

Words are like people, "A good hand of words can also make people look at you with admiration, and the sister-brother relationship between Jing Boran and Ni Ni, who is now very popular, can be regarded as dominating the headlines of the entertainment industry. Such a lovely well treasure also has its own unique one-hand well body in the world of calligraphy and painting.

So, in this issue, let's learn what the book in the ancient Six Arts means.

What is a "book":

Books, "book" as the name suggests, the art of calligraphy and painting, it is wrong to count calligraphy and painting as a skill, Chinese calligraphy and painting is not only an elegant skill, but also a kind of self-cultivation of the foundation of the destruction of tools and magic weapons, many bureaucrats place their affection on calligraphy and painting, not only to exercise skills, the drunkard's intention is not in wine, leave it to the reader to think twice. The Book of Han first talks about the specific name of the "Six Books": "The ancients entered primary school at the age of eight, so the Zhou Guanbao clan was in charge of the country, and taught the six books, pictograms, elephant things, elephant images, elephant sounds, transcribing, pretending, and the book of words."

Book]: Calligraphy (writing, literacy, writing) [Six Books] :(Zhou Li did not explain, and the speculation of later generations may be):

Pictograms, signifiers, ideologies, shapes, sounds, transfers, and pretenses. (Note: Transferring notes and borrowing are literacy methods, while pictograms, signifiers, ideologies, and shapes and sounds are methods of making characters, of which about 90% are phonetic characters.)

In the ancient "Six Arts", the category of "books" was not exactly the same as the category of books that we refer to now. The original meaning of "book" refers to calligraphy, and the first step in writing is to confirm the character and maintain its correctness; The second is communication, writing the right word is very important in communication; The third is to convey, which is the three levels of "Brother Shubo".

Since the creation of characters in Cangjie, even the early characters engraved on oracle bones, bronzes, and bamboo slips have lines of different styles, showing simple and attractive shapes. Of course, it was only the appearance of the brush that really made calligraphy popular. Because the pen is soft and gas-shaped, it can be edged in eight directions, when it is sprinkled on the rice paper that is very good at moistening ink, the vertical and horizontal interspersed, black and white, blending and infiltrating charm, the text writing has developed to a new aesthetic stage, and it has made the Chinese people and calligraphy have formed a unique fate.

In ancient times, the proportion of people who could read and write was very low, and it was not as widespread as our current cultural education. People who read books are generally people who are very useful to social contributions or management, and in the past, the society paid attention to "learning and excellence", and they must become the pillars of society and the country through reading, so the importance of reading is more important than today.

Conclusion] In modern history, people who do not read Yu Zhaoshu often have different living conditions from those who read, which is more obvious in ancient times, and books are also the embodiment of personal ability.

Zhang Cheng is a good grass saint (book). One day, the sentence was written, and the paper dragon and snake flew all over the paper, so that the nephew recorded it. When the wave was in danger, the nephew stopped in confusion, and the deacon asked Yun: "What is this word?" The prime minister looked at it for a long time, and said, "Why don't you ask earlier?" ”

Zhang Chengxiang likes to write cursive (if the original text is "good grass sage", it is translated as "love cursive master"). Zhang Zhi of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Zhang Xu of the Tang Dynasty are both known as "grass saints". One day.

Zhang Chengxiang thought of a good sentence, so he asked for a brush to write down the sentence quickly, and the handwriting on the paper was like a dragon and snake flying, very sloppy. After writing it, I asked my nephew to copy it neatly again. When his nephew copied the scribbled strokes that were really difficult to recognize, the nephew stopped copying suspiciously, took the calligraphy written by Zhang Chengxiang and asked

What the hell is that? Zhang Cheng looked at it carefully for a long time, (he couldn't even recognize what the word was,) Zhang Cheng instead angrily blamed his nephew and said, "Why didn't you ask earlier?"

Now I don't recognize it either)".