What pests need to be controlled in the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms?

Eye mosquitoes, jumping worms, nematodes, slugs, termites and other insect pests, but there are relevant methods for these insect pests.

1. Ophthalmic mosquitoes, the larvae of the insect feed on cultures, and the older larvae feed on the fruiting bodies of shiitake mushrooms and other fungi.

2. Jumping insects, also known as soot insects, harm hyphae and fruiting bodies.

3. Nematodes, the surface or all harmful culture materials will become wet, black, viscous, mycelium will atrophy or disappear, and small mushrooms will die. The surface of the dead mushroom is sticky and smelly. In humid, sultry, and unventilated conditions, nematodes can easily occur.

Nematodes, the surface or all of the culture material harmed by nematodes will become wet, black, sticky, mycelium will shrink or disappear, and young mushrooms will die. The surface of the dead young mushrooms is sticky and has a fishy smell. Under humid, sultry, and unventilated conditions, nematode damage is prone to occur.

What are the common insect pests of shiitake mushrooms and how to control them? Let's find out!

1. Ophthalmic mosquitoes.

The young larvae of the insect feed in the culture material, and the older larvae eat the fruiting bodies of mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms.

Prevention and control methods: to maintain the environmental hygiene of mushroom houses and mushroom farms, before cultivation, you can use 40% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times liquid spraying to kill insects, when the mushroom occurs, you can use 25% chrysanthemum 2000 times liquid or 40% dichlorvos 1000-1500 times liquid spraying control.

2. Jumping insects. Jumping insects, also known as soot insects, harm mycelium and fruiting bodies.

Control methods: found that the damage of jumping insects can be booby-trapped with dichlorvos and honey, and insect pests can be killed with rotene or pyrethrum during the mushroom period.

3. Nematodes. The surface or all of the harmful culture material will become wet, black, sticky, mycelium atrophy or disappear, and the young mushrooms will die. The surface of the dead young mushrooms is sticky and has a fishy smell. Under humid, sultry, and unventilated conditions, nematode damage is prone to occur.

Prevention and control methods: the insect pest is more harmful, generally can be sprayed with 2% formaldehyde solution to kill, local damage, need to dig out the nutrients of the damaged parts first, and then carry out pesticide control.

4. Sluggs.

The insect pest bites the fruiting body of edible mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms.

Control method: spray 1% potassium permanganate solution or 5% salt solution in the place where slugs are active, and the effect is very good.

5. Termites. This pest mainly harms mushroom trees.

Prevention and control methods: 80% arsenite acid, 15% salicylic acid, 5% ferric chloride, prepared into a poison, spray termite activity area, termite powder can also be configured, spray ant nest, the effect of killing termites is very significant.

The above is all the introduction to the common pest control of shiitake mushrooms, if farmers want to cultivate high-quality shiitake mushrooms, they must master scientific pest control methods.

Raw materials: mainly sawdust, bran, gypsum 3 categories; Sawdust is the main raw material for cultivation, and the substitutes for sawdust are mainly straw and weeds. It should be noted that sawdust can be used as the main material alone, but straw and weeds generally can not be used as the main material independently, now there are many modes of planting shiitake mushrooms, and it is necessary to choose an efficient planting mode, choose in the spring planting and autumn planting, autumn planting and autumn planting, or summer emergence, choose in the scaffolding mode, ground planting soil, ground planting poles, and choose in the bag and not the bag.

It is necessary to properly input, and improper selection or preparation of culture materials to plant shiitake mushrooms with contaminated and agglomerated raw materials is easy to cause large-scale pollution or no fungus. When preparing the culture material, excessive nitrogen fertilizer such as urea is added to the material, and the nitrogen fertilizer is easy to decompose and release ammonia gas after inoculation, so that the mycelium is poisoned.

Under humid conditions, the optimal temperature for spore germination is 22-26; c, the temperature range of mycelial growth is 5-24, and the most suitable temperature is 24-27, but due to the protective effect of wood, in the alpine mountains where the temperature is lower than -20 or higher than 40 in the low altitude area, the overall time of mushroom emergence is long, and the fruiting body grows slowly due to the sufficient nutrients in the fungus block in the early stage, the temperature is low, the fruiting body grows slowly, the mushroom body cover is large, the flesh is thick, the stalk is short, and the texture is dense; In the later stage, due to the high nutrient consumption of the fungus block, coupled with the high temperature, the fruiting body grew rapidly, so the suitable cultivation time was selected. Late August to mid-September is the best season for shiitake mushroom cultivation. Ingredient Preparation:

Press the wood chips, 10% bran, 1% gypsum, sugar preparation, and the moisture content of the culture medium to 55% 60% (hold it in the hand into a ball, drop it and spread it) is appropriate.

If you want to grow high-quality edible mushrooms, you need to pay carefully and hard work from ingredients, mixing, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, cultivation, mushroom production, and harvesting. If you are a beginner, it is not recommended to contract land or greenhouses on a large scale, and one is to choose the planting season. In practice, it is generally better to plant in spring, autumn and winter in the north, and autumn and winter in the south.

Because it can tolerate cold (minus 38 degrees) but not high temperatures, the growth environment cannot exceed 30 degrees, and if the temperature is too high, its mycelium will die.

The first thing is to choose the right time and temperature, and then when planting, you must pay attention to fertilizer, and then the soil, and then choose high-quality quality, then you must water in time, fertilize in time, and prevent bacterial infection.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that it can be in a relatively cool environment, preferably in a more humid environment, so that it is suitable for the growth of shiitake mushrooms, and water shiitake mushrooms frequently, so that shiitake mushrooms will grow particularly well and will grow quickly.

We must pay attention to ventilation, but also pay attention to the timely elimination of bacteria, but also pay attention to timely fertilization, but also pay attention to the intensity of light, but also to timely application of organic fertilizer.

There are many types of new strains of shiitake mushrooms. According to the size of the mushroom, it is divided into large-leaf species, medium-leaf species, and small-leaf species. According to the production season, it can be divided into four mushroom species: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

According to the commodity, it can be divided into mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms and thin mushrooms. According to the cultivation method, it can be divided into basswood species, sawdust species, forage species, and shiitake mushrooms, which are inseparable from the rich nutrients they contain. Authoritative testing data show that:

Shiitake mushrooms also contain more than 30 enzymes and 18 amino acids, 8 essential amino acids, and so on.

It must not be mixed with those wood chips that contain special aromatic odor substances such as pine, fir and cypress, which will affect the quality of shiitake mushrooms. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the uniformity of the particle size of the raw materials to ensure that the raw materials are fresh and dry. If the natural shade is not enough, it can also be adjusted by building an artificial shade.

Before cultivation, the mushroom field should be tidied up, weeds, small shrubs and fallen leaves should be removed, then properly leveled, drainage ditches should be opened, and some lime and insecticides should be sprinkled on the edge of the field to prevent insects and ants.

Shiitake mushroom color change refers to the transformation of mycelium from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, the process of color change has extremely high requirements for water, the water content of mycelium must be greater than 65%, otherwise it will not change color, and the humidity that is usually relieved must also be kept above 80%, too dry will not change color, but if it is compared with the past, we can reduce it appropriately. After we harvest the first batch, we can properly ventilate them, and then carry out water retention work, which can naturally ensure a smooth mushroom production.

There is no basic understanding of shiitake mushroom cultivation. If you want to enter the mushroom cultivation industry, you need to consider the climatic characteristics of the production area, the surrounding substrate resources, your own funds, and the circulation of land. It is necessary to invite professional scientific research units to design and plan, formulate cultivation models, processes, technical training, etc.

The mushroom greenhouse should be built in a place that shelters from the north wind, is sunny and has a near water source, has shade, is gravelly, and is acidic, which is conducive to the mushroom and the prevention of pests and diseases. And all the debris, leaves and other decaying things in the vicinity should be cleaned up, and the ground should be sprinkled with lime to remove insects and ants.

Shiitake mushrooms need to be planted under ventilated and low-light conditions, pay attention to pest control, use potassium permanganate or quicklime for disinfection in time, and fix the amount of spraying water to avoid affecting the growth due to lack of water.

Attention should be paid to the temperature, and you should also pay attention to pests and diseases, you should water frequently, and you should pay attention to the texture of the soil, etc., these are all things that should be taken care of.

1. Choose a suitable place for planting. Improper selection of mushroom cultivation sites, such as choosing to plant in a shady, poorly ventilated or unhygienic place, resulting in serious contamination of miscellaneous mushrooms, and failure of shiitake mushrooms to grow normally.

2. Reasonable and correct preparation of culture materials. Incorrect selection or preparation of culture materials, such as the use of contaminated and agglomerated raw materials to grow shiitake mushrooms, it is easy to cause large-scale pollution or no fungus.

3. Reasonably select the appropriate strains. The selection of high-temperature varieties in winter, the selection of low-temperature varieties in spring, or the sowing of aging or contaminated strains are easy to cause slow or no fungus, late mushroom emergence or no mushroom.

Be sure to choose the materials and ingredients. To clean the raw materials, and do a good job of disinfection, in the ingredients can not add chemical fertilizers at will, only when the compost fermentation and planting mushrooms, can the appropriate amount of urea to supplement the nitrogen source. In the process of batching, special attention should be paid to the humidity of the culture material, and the moisture content should not be too high or too low, otherwise it will be unfavorable to the germs.

There are two cultivation methods of shiitake mushrooms, namely segment cultivation and substitute cultivation.

Sectional wood cultivation: 1. The quality of mushroom products produced by sectional wood cultivation is high, and the input-output ratio is also very high, up to 1:7 to 10, but it requires a large amount of wood and is only suitable for development in forest areas.

Substitute cultivation: 1. The input-output ratio of substitute cultivation is only 1 to 2, which is relatively low, but the production cycle of substitute cultivation is very short, and the biological efficiency is also very high; Moreover, various agricultural wastes can be used to develop widely in urban and rural areas. The one-time input of substitute cultivation is large and the cost is high.

Dried shiitake mushroom insect prevention method:

The first method is the dry storage method. Stir the container where shiitake mushrooms are stored and put an appropriate amount of lump lime or dry charcoal and other hygroscopic agents to prevent moisture and insects from multiplying.

The second method is cryopreservation. The container containing shiitake mushrooms is sealed and stored in the refrigerator and cold land storage, and the insect Mingling lead is not easy to survive in low temperatures.

The third method is the dark preservation method. Strong light will make shiitake mushrooms deteriorate and provide conditions for insects to multiply, and placing them in the shade has a good effect on preventing insects.

The fourth method is the separate preservation method. Shiitake mushrooms have strong adsorption and are easy to change their flavor when stored with other items, which is conducive to the reproduction of insects. Therefore, shiitake mushrooms should be kept separately.