What does the earthworm breathe through, and what does the earthworm breathe on

Breathe against the walls of your body.

The body of the earthworm is composed of many body segments, which are annelids, and the ventral surface of the body has bristles to assist in movement, and earthworms do not have special respiratory organs, they rely on the body wall to exchange gases with the outside world.

Earthworms breathe oxygen in the air, which dissolves in the mucus of the body wall and then penetrates into the blood in the capillaries of the body wall, and the carbon dioxide in the blood is also excreted from the body through the body wall. As a result, the earthworm's body wall is able to secrete mucus, which keeps the body wall moist at all times to ensure normal breathing and reduce friction with the soil.

Earthworms breathe through capillaries in the walls of their bodies, and their bodies secrete mucus substances that can attach oxygen to the air and then transport them to the capillaries in the body. The earthworm body wall is composed of epidermal cells, ring muscles, longitudinal muscles, cuticles, and bristles attached to the surface, and it is distributed in soils all over the world, but the nature of the soil affects the number.

The earthworm breathes through the capillaries in the body wall, and its body surface can secrete mucus substances, which attach oxygen in the air and then penetrate into the capillaries in the body, and carbon dioxide in the body is also excreted from the blood vessels.

The earthworm body wall is composed of epidermal cells, ring muscles, longitudinal muscles, and stratum corneum, and the epidermal cells contain developed glandular cells, which can increase the viscosity of the earthworm, and earthworms are generally hermaphroditic, the body is segmented but not partitioned, and bristles are attached to the surface.

Earthworms are distributed in the soil all over the world, and the ocean does not contain earthworm species, in addition to deserts, snow areas and other places are also very rare, earthworms are generally distributed on the surface of the soil, soil structure, acidity and alkalinity, water content will affect its quantity.

At present, there are 12 families and about 4,000 species of earthworms recorded in the world, of which 306 species are recorded in China, and earthworms are generally divided into three groups: deep perch, endophytes and epidhines, but there is no obvious boundary in these three groups.

The earthworm breathes by the body wall, the body wall of the earthworm is densely covered with capillaries, and the oxygen in the soil is first dissolved in the mucus on the body surface, and then penetrates into the body wall, and then enters the capillaries of the body wall The carbon dioxide in the body is also discharged from the body surface through the capillaries of the body wall, and the breathing of the earthworm depends on the body wall that can secrete mucus and always keep it moist.

The structure of the body wall is composed of the stratum corneum, epidermal cells, ring muscles, and longitudinal muscles, and the muscle layer is the body cavity membrane. There are well-developed glandular cells in the epidermal cells that secrete mucus moist ** to facilitate movement in the soil.

The mode of movement is peristaltic contraction. Several somites form a group, one group of medial longitudinal muscles contract, the ring muscles relax, and the somites shorten, while pressure in the body cavity increases, and bristles stick out to attach. In the adjacent somite group, the annular muscle contractions, the longitudinal muscle relaxes, the somites lengthen, the pressure in the body cavity decreases, and the bristles are retracted.

Each somite group alternately contracts the longitudinal and annular muscles with the adjacent somite group, causing the body to move forward in waves. The earthworm can advance 2-3 cm with each contraction, and the direction of contraction can be reversed, so it can do backward movements.

**Earthworms do not have special respiratory organs, and under normal circumstances, they mainly rely on the moist body surface to complete gas exchange, so they must go to the ground to ventilate when it rains, and earthworms are rarely seen in sunny weather, because they must keep their bodies moist.

Gas exchange of earthworms:

Air (mainly oxygen) > moist body surface, capillaries, in vivo, capillaries, moist body surface, air (mainly CO2).