What are the precautions for fertilizing bonsai or flowers

Fertilization of bonsai and flowers is very particular, too much application, and the branches and leaves are long; If there is a lack of fertilizer, the branches will be weak, the leaf color will turn yellow, and it will be susceptible to diseases and insects. So pay attention to the following tips for fertilization:

First, the newly planted, newly potted, and newly changed potted trees and potted flowers have damaged their root systems, so it is advisable not to fertilize them for the time being. In spring and summer, potted flowers and potted trees are in peak season, so you must apply more fertilizer. In autumn, potted flowers and potted trees grow slowly, so less fertilizer is needed.

In winter, flowering trees enter the dormant period and stop fertilizing. It is not suitable to fertilize around noon on rainy days or high temperatures in midsummer (fertilization is easy to lose in rainy days, and fertilization in high temperature weather is easy to hurt the root system). Fertilization is best done on cloudy days, in the evening or when the potting soil is slightly dry, first remove weeds and loosen the soil, which is conducive to fertilizer water infiltration into the soil and accelerates the decomposition of fertilizer.

However, it must be watered thoroughly the next morning, commonly known as "return water", which is not only conducive to the absorption of fertilizer water but also avoids fertilizer damage.

The second is to apply thin fertilizer frequently, and the amount of fertilizer applied each time should be small and thin. Generally speaking, from the beginning of spring to the beginning of autumn, chase thin fertilizer water (seven points of water and three points of fertilizer) every 15 days; Top dressing once 30 days after the beginning of autumn, and stop topdressing after the beginning of winter.

Third, it is necessary to pay attention to the nutrients needed by potted flowers and potted trees are mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen fertilizer promotes the growth of plant branches and leaves, such as peanut bran, soybean cake, and ammonium sulfate; Phosphate fertilizer promotes bright flower color and fruit hypertrophy, such as superphosphate and crushed bone meal; Potassium fertilizers promote root development and firm plants, such as potassium sulfate and plant ash. Therefore, it should be applied separately according to the growth of the plant, and also according to the characteristics of the variety and growth.

Fourth, it is best to use organic fertilizer for bonsai flowers, also known as farm fertilizer, such as human manure, poultry manure, bone meal, peanut bran, soybean cake and various green manure, plant ash, etc., these fertilizers contain different components of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Do not use chemical fertilizers as much as possible, because chemical fertilizers will leave acid or salt roots, and the potting soil will become acidic or alkaline, hindering the growth of plants. In addition, fertilization should be applied on the edge of the pot.

It is necessary to fertilize different potted flowers according to different fertilizers, and fertilizers cannot be the same. Such as osmanthus and camellia, like pig manure, avoid human urine; Camellias, azaleas, gardenias and other flowers native to the south should avoid alkaline fertilizers; Flowers that need to be pruned every year should increase the proportion of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Flower-based flowers, such as chrysanthemums, dahlias, etc., need to apply an appropriate amount of nutritious fertilizer during the flowering period to make the flowers large and beautiful; For foliage-based flowers, nitrogen fertilizer should be emphasized. For flowering flowers, fertilizer and water should be appropriately reduced during the flowering period, and sufficient fertilizer should be applied at the fruit-strengthening stage.

For bulbous flowers, it is advisable to apply more potassium fertilizer to facilitate the enrichment of bulbs; For fragrant flowers, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied during the flowering period to promote the strong fragrance of the flowers.

<>1. Flowers with different fertilization times have different needs for fertilizer in different plum kernel growth periods, and the types of fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer should be different. If more nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage, it can promote the growth of seedlings. The application of phosphate fertilizer at budding and flowering stage can promote large, bright and long flowering period.

Potted flowers should not be fertilized around noon in high temperatures or rainy days, at this time fertilization is easy to hurt the roots, it is best to fertilize in the evening.

2. The number of fertilization is applied once every 7-10 days during the peak growth period, and once or no fertilizer is applied every 15-20 days after autumn. It is necessary to "apply a small amount many times" or "thin fertilizer frequently".

3. According to the season, most flowers grow fast in spring and summer, and the growth is vigorous, so you can fertilize more in an appropriate amount. After autumn, the temperature gradually decreases, and the growth of flowers weakens, so less fertilizer should be applied. Stop fertilizing the flowers overwintering in the open field in autumn to prevent the second growth peak, otherwise it is easy to make the flower tissue cells delicate and cause overwintering difficulties.

Indoor flowers that are dormant in winter should be stopped fertilizing. The specific amount depends on the growth of flowers. Adhere to the principle of "four more, four less, four no".

Apply more yellow thin, more before germination, more before germination, more before pregnancy, and more after flowering; Less germination, less vigorous, less flowering, less rainy season; Don't apply for long, don't apply for new planting, don't apply for summer, don't apply for dormancy.

4. Organic fertilizer should be fully fermented and decomposed after application, whether it is solid fertilizer or liquid fertilizer, it must be fully fermented and decomposed before application, otherwise it is easy to cause damage to the root system, and it will emit a strong odor and attract flies.

1. Use of base fertilizer

Base fertilizer is to apply a layer of organic fertilizer at the bottom of the pot before the plant is potted, which can increase the organic matter in the soil, provide nutrients for plant growth, and at the same time increase the porosity of the soil, improve the soil quality, and use the base fertilizer mainly as organic fertilizer or crushed cake fertilizer, due to the small bonsai pot, the base fertilizer can not be applied too much, so as not to burn the root system of the tree.

2. Top dressing application

Top dressing is mainly applied during the growth period of plants, and different components of fertilizers are applied according to the growth needs of different plants to meet the nutrients required for plant growth. The root system absorbs the organic fertilizer after decomposition and fermentation faster, which is more conducive to its growth and development. Top dressing should be based on different growth and development periods of plants, and the elements of fertilizer are also different, such as nitrogen fertilizer in the growing season to promote the growth of branches and leaves, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before entering the flowering period to promote the quality of flowering and fruiting.

3. Foliar fertilization

Foliar fertilization is a method of extra-root fertilization, which is generally suitable for new roots or when the root system is not stable, foliar fertilization is mainly through the leaves to absorb nutrients, and then through the leaves to transfer nutrients to the stump, which is very effective in cultivating the tree potential and promoting the rapid shaping of the stump. Pay attention to the spraying of foliar fertilizer, to choose the temperature of the weather is suitable, try to avoid windy, rainy days, fertilizer should not be too thick, can be thin fertilizer diligent.

4. Fertilizer water soaking basin

Fertilizer water soaking pot is mainly to the surface of the bonsai soil to process and embellish, or the pot soil is higher than the pot surface and planting moss, these cases of bonsai is not easy to fertilize, the effect after fertilization is not obvious, at this time can be used fertilizer water soaking pot, that is, the fertilizer to be applied is dissolved in water, and then the pot is soaked in fertilizer water, so as to achieve the purpose of fertilization.

1. When topdressing, it is necessary to determine the type of fertilizer, the number of fertilization times and the fertilization method according to the type of flowers, the purpose of fertilization, etc., and at the same time water in time after topdressing to dissolve the fertilizer.

2. Use more ring fertilization, fertilize 15-20 cm away from the plant when fertilizing, do not fertilize directly next to the plant, otherwise it is easy to burn the flowers to death.

3. Farmhouse fertilizer can be applied in the ditch Zen Bili strip, and after application, cover the soil Kaitong soil in the ridge. Apply farmhouse fertilizer and fertilizer 20-30g per 1 square meter.

4. Different flowers have different needs for nutrients in different growth periods, such as applying more nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage to promote the growth of seedlings; Phosphate fertilizer was applied at the budding and flowering stages to promote large and bright flowers; When fertilizing potted flowers, you should choose to fertilize in the evening. Avoid fertilizing around noon on hot days or rainy days.

5. Fertilization times: during the peak growth period of flowers, apply thin fertilizer water every 7-10 days; Apply once every 10-20 days after the autumn staring, and the fertilization should follow the principle of "small amount many times" or "thin fertilizer diligent".

(1) Fertilization according to different flowers and trees and different growth periods. For example, chrysanthemums should gradually increase the amount and concentration of fertilizer in the process of forming flower buds. Gardenias, rhododendrons, camellias, jasmine and other acid-loving soil flowers and trees, can not be applied ammonia, sodium nitrate and other alkaline fertilizers.

Bulbous flowers and flowers that need to be re-cut every year should be fertilized with phosphorus and potassium. Overwintering fertilizer should be applied half a month before frost to improve the cold resistance of plants; Before germination in early spring, germination fertilizer should be applied to make the bud buds hypertrophied and germinate quickly; When the spring shoots are about to ripen, they should apply fertility to promote the differentiation of flower buds and the full of pregnant buds; Apply thin nutrient fertilizer after flowering to restore the tree's potential to promote flowering or fruiting. In the full flowering period and the early stage of fruit set, fertilizer and water should be controlled, otherwise it is easy to drop flowers and fruits.

Rapid growth at the seedling stage, more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied. Before flowering and budding, apply more phosphorus fertilizer.

2) Loosen the soil before fertilization, and pay attention not to let the fertilizer water fall on the leaves and buds. Human manure, superphosphate, ammonium carbonate and other acidic fertilizers cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash and ammonia. Alkaline potting soil should be acidic fertilizer, and acidic potting soil should be alkaline fertilizer.

Fertilizer should not be single, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied in combination to improve fertilizer efficiency; The combination of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can prolong the fertilizer effect, prevent potting soil compaction, and improve aeration, water seepage, water retention, fertilizer retention and other properties.

3) When fertilizing the balcony, pay attention to environmental hygiene, and at the same time be careful not to stain the clothes drying on the balcony downstairs.

Fertilization of potted flowers should be done in a timely and appropriate amount according to the habits of different flowers and the needs of different growth and development stages, temperature, light and seasonal changes, as well as the original fertility and texture of the potting soil.

1) It is very important to apply basal fertilizer, and the basal fertilizer is sufficient, and the top dressing can be reduced. The organic fertilizer made after full fermentation is suitable for the base fertilizer of potted plants. The usage is to mix one to three percent of the fertilizer in the culture soil, keep it moist, make the fertilizer and the soil fully integrated, and use it after 2 to 3 months in the winter or high temperature season.

According to different ingredients, they can be used for potting, potting or repotting of different flowers. Hoofhorns and poultry feathers are used as base fertilizers, which can be placed directly on the bottom of the pot when the flowers are potted. Soybean cake and other oil meal fertilizer and bone meal are used as base fertilizer in the same way as manure, and the dosage is 3% 5% when mixed into the culture soil.

When the flowers and trees are not repotted, they can also open a circular ditch along the edge of the pot when the flowers and trees are dormant, apply some fermented organic fertilizer, and then cover with new culture soil, which can also replace the application of base fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizers such as phosphate fertilizer can use superphosphate and phosphate rock powder, nitrogen fertilizer can use ammonium sulfate urea, potassium fertilizer can use potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, and two weeks ago mixed into the culture soil as base fertilizer.

2) Top dressing In the growing season of flowers and trees, apply thin liquid fertilizer to make up for the lack of base fertilizer. All fermented urine, soybean cake water, fish intestine water, rice washing water and other 1 part of the original solution, with 10 20 times water, or with urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, apply 1 2 times a week, once every half month after the beginning of autumn. Top dressing should be mastered:

Apply more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during the vegetative growth period, apply more phosphorus fertilizers during the flower bud formation period, loosen the soil the day before fertilization, and water the next morning after fertilization; Apply after the beginning of spring, not after the autumn equinox; It can be applied before the rain and on sunny days, but not after the rain; It is applied when the climate is dry, and not in the rainy season; When the potting soil is dry, when the potting soil is wet, the climate is suitable for vigorous growth, and the climate is hot and the growth is stagnant, and it is not applied when the new planting, growth and dormancy are not applied; Thin fertilizer is applied frequently, and thick fertilizer is not applied; Fat-loving chrysanthemums and jasmine, from light to thick, can be applied more, and pines and cypresses such as barren-resistant five-needle pine should be applied more than light; Apply before and after flowering, and do not apply during the full flowering period; It can be applied in the morning and evening, but not at noon; Strong seedlings can be applied more, and weak seedlings should be applied less; Do not be hungry, do not be full; Not rotten, not diluted, not applied.

3) Extra-root topdressing is sprayed on the top and bottom of the leaf with chemical fertilizer solution to make up for the lack of root fertilization. Due to the increased fertilizer absorption, the plant grows robustly, the branches are leafy, the flowers are colorful, and the disease resistance is also enhanced, but it cannot replace soil fertilization. Only inorganic fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, superphosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate that are easily soluble in water can be used in the morning and evening in the weather with low temperature and high humidity.

The temperature is high, it is easy to dry and cannot be absorbed. The depth is appropriate, too light and low fertilizer efficiency, too thick and difficult to absorb.

In order for potted flowers to grow well in a limited space, reasonable fertilization is the top priority. As the saying goes: "If you don't live in water, you can't grow in fat."

Fertilization can not be blind, in the process of fertilizing potted flowers to pay attention to the following issues: 1. Fertilization should pay attention to the types of flowers. Fertilizing flowers is not always better, and different types of flowers have different fertilizer requirements.

The flower proverb says, "Clear orchid, turbid jasmine." This means that orchids like light fertilizers, and jasmine likes thick fertilizers. In fact, most flowers and trees like light fertilizer.

Even flowers and trees that like thick fertilizer are in the individual season of their growth. Flowers have different requirements for the pH of the soil, and should also be paid attention to when fertilizing, such as rhododendrons, camellias, gardenias and other southern flowers are mostly acidic flowers, do not apply alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash and ammonia. Different flowers have different needs for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased for flowers that need to be re-pruned every year to facilitate the germination of new branches; Flowers with foliage as the main focus can be more nitrogen fertilizer; Flowers that are mainly ornamental need to be completely fertilized.

2. Pay attention to the season of fertilization. In winter, the temperature is low, the plant grows slowly, and most flowers are in a state of growth stagnation, and generally no fertilizer is applied; Spring and autumn are in the peak period of flower growth, roots, stems, leaves grow, flower buds differentiation, young fruit swelling, all need more fertilizer, should be appropriate more top dressing; In summer, the temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly, and it is the peak period of flower growth, so the concentration of top dressing should be small, and the number of times can be more. In the flowering period of flowers, it is necessary to apply an appropriate amount of complete fertilizer to make the flowers bloom more and bloom brightly; Flowers that are mainly fruit-watching should properly control fertilizer and water during the flowering period, and apply sufficient complete fertilizer during the fruit-growing period to achieve the effect of fruit-harvesting.

3. The application of organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed, and raw fertilizer cannot be used. At the same time, it should be noted that do not apply hot fertilizer (the soil temperature is high at noon in summer, and the fertilization is easy to hurt the roots), and pay attention to the base fertilizer applied at the bottom of the pot when planting flowers, not to put the roots directly on the fertilizer, but to add a layer of soil to the fertilizer, and then plant the flowers into the pot, otherwise it is easy to cause root burning.

4. Be sure to loosen the soil before fertilization. In this way, the fertilizer water penetrates quickly and is easy to absorb.