What is the basic rural management system?

The two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining centralized and decentralized management is the basic management system in China's rural areas and the cornerstone of the party's rural policy.

Carry out the work of confirming the registration and issuance of certificates for rural contracted land. In about 5 years, we will guide 2,838 counties (cities and districts) across the country40,000 townships and 550,000 villages have confirmed the ownership of 1.5 billion mu of cultivated land to 200 million rural households, signed land contracts, and issued certificates of land contracting and management rights.

Implement the method of separating the "three rights" of contracted land, and speed up the construction of a market for the circulation of land management rights. At present, 1,239 counties (cities, districts and towns across the country have established rural land management right circulation markets (service centers) to provide policy consultation, information release, contract signing and other services for both sides of the circulation, and the national land management right circulation area is 100 million mu.

The basic management system in rural areas is the household responsibility system for joint production.

The household responsibility system is a form of responsibility system for agricultural production in which peasants contract land and other means of production and production tasks to collective economic organizations (mainly villages and groups) with households as units.

It is a basic economic system in China's rural areas at the present stage. In agricultural production, peasant households, as relatively independent economic entities, contract and operate collective land and other large-scale means of production (the general practice is to distribute land and the like to peasant households according to the proportion of population or labor to peasant households), and independently carry out production and management in accordance with the provisions of the contract.

In 1978, the reform of the household contract responsibility system, this land reform, divided land property rights into ownership and management rights. The ownership rights are still owned by the collective, and the management rights are subcontracted by the collective economic organizations to the peasant households for independent operation, and the collective economic organizations are responsible for supervising the performance of the contract, the unified arrangement, use, and dispatch of public facilities, and the adjustment and distribution of land.

As a result, a set of two-tier management system has been formed, which is unified and separated, and the combination of unified and separate management is formed. The implementation of the household responsibility system for the production of goods in conjunction with the household has corrected the long-standing malpractice of a high degree of centralization of management and an excessively monotonous mode of operation, and has enabled the peasants to change from mere laborers to both producers and operators in the collective economy, thus greatly arousing the peasants' enthusiasm for production and giving better play to the potential of labor and land.

The two-tiered management system, which is based on household contract management and combines centralized and decentralized management, is a great creation of hundreds of millions of peasants under the leadership of the party in the course of reform, and is the basic economic system in China's rural areas.

Agrarian system.

The core is the land system, which has a direct bearing on the rights and interests of peasants, the stability and development of rural areas, and the process of building a modern socialist country with Chinese characteristics.

We all know that the widespread implementation of the household responsibility system is a sign of China's reform. With the continuous deepening of rural reform and the continuous advancement of modern agriculture, the function of agriculture and the role of peasants in society have undergone fundamental changes, more and more peasants no longer rely on agriculture to make a living, peasants not only do not need to pay agricultural taxes, but also can get all kinds of subsidies, and also enjoy the same social security as urban residents, does this mean that the peasants' family management can be shaken.

Brief introduction. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that the second round of land contracts should be extended for another 30 years after expiration. This is to further make it clear that it is necessary to continue to implement the system of household contracting and household management of rural land.

This not only effectively responds to all kinds of controversies and questions in society and reassures the peasants, but also helps to promote the circulation of peasants' contracted land and arouse the enthusiasm of peasant households and new-type agricultural operators for long-term investment in agriculture.

On the one hand, maintaining the stability and long-term stability of the land contract relationship will help the peasants choose whether or not to operate their own businesses according to their own realities, and even if they choose to work instead of running agriculture for the time being, they will still be able to operate the contracted land after returning to their hometowns when the need arises, so as to minimize the impact and pain brought about by modernization on the peasants, conform to the wishes of the vast number of peasants, and also help arouse the peasants' enthusiasm for protecting cultivated land.

On the other hand, by improving the system of separating the "three rights" of contracted land, adhering to the collective ownership of rural land, stabilizing household contracting, and invigorating the right to operate, we can cultivate the rural land circulation market and realize the optimal allocation of rural land.

The separation of the "three rights" of contracted land is a major innovation in the basic rural management system in the new era. On this basis, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system. On the one hand, this will protect the property rights and interests of farmers, especially the farmers who are members of the collective can fully and fairly distribute the income of the rural collective assets; On the other hand, the collective economy will be strengthened, which is of great significance for improving the level of rural public services, especially the collective economic development in poor areas and the poverty alleviation of the poor population.

The basic rural management system is as follows: Members of rural collective economic organizations have the right to contract rural land contracted by their collective economic organizations in accordance with the law. No organization or individual may deprive or unlawfully restrict the right of members of rural collective economic organizations to contract land.

After the rural land is contracted, the nature of the ownership of the land remains unchanged. The contracted land shall not be bought or sold. The Rural Land Contract Law stipulates in the form of law the important issues involved in land contracting, which is conducive to further stabilizing the party's land contract policy in rural areas.

The differences between the improvement of the basic rural management system and the reform of the rural collective property rights system are as follows:

1. The improvement of the basic rural management system refers to the development and expansion of the rural collective economic system is the basic work of improving the basic economic system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, in the new era of implementing the rural revitalization strategy and building beautiful villages, the pursuit of a better well-off life for the whole people, and the realization of the ideal goal of common prosperity make it more important and urgent to improve the basic rural management system and develop and expand the collective economy.

2. The reform of the rural collective property rights system is an institutional innovation that clarifies the ownership of collective assets and takes shareholding cooperation as the main form to quantify the conversion of rural collective operating assets and resource assets that have not been contracted to households to the people and households, and to clarify the market dominant position of collective economic organizations.

3. Improving the basic rural management system was put forward at the Third Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2008. The reform of the rural collective property rights system was proposed in 2014.

4. Consolidating and improving the basic rural management system is the foundation of our party's rural policies, which is of irreplaceable strategic significance for our country to adhere to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics and to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and rural areas. The significance of the reform of the rural collective property rights system is to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of peasants and increase their property income.

An important historical experience of the 30 years of rural reform is the basic rural management system created and formed by hundreds of millions of peasants that suits the socialist market economic system and conforms to the characteristics of agricultural production. This is a two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining centralized and decentralized management. The basic rural management system is the cornerstone of the party's rural policy, and it must be unswervingly upheld.

Maintain the stability and longevity of the existing land contract relationship.

"Long-term unchanged" is an objective requirement for the development of agricultural productive forces. The key to household management is to have a stable land contract relationship, and only when peasants have land for long-term independent management can they have stable business expectations and long-term business plans, and can they seek development and increase investment in land with confidence. "Long-term unchanged" is an inevitable requirement for maintaining stability and harmony in rural areas.

Although the minimum subsistence guarantee system has been fully implemented in the rural areas, for the vast majority of peasants at present and for a long time to come, land is still the foundation of their livelihood. "Long-term unchanged" is an urgent requirement to promote the circulation of rural land contract management rights. The implementation of farmers' contracted management rights to land plots makes the ownership of farmers' contracted land clearer, so that farmers can be more down-to-earth in transferring contracted land, and can their interests be more clear, so that farmers can transfer with confidence and stability.

Specialized peasant cooperatives are a new type of cooperative organization in which the vast number of peasants meet the requirements of the market economy and voluntarily choose, set up independently, and benefit themselves on the premise of not changing the household contract management. ** The basic requirements for the development of professional farmer cooperatives are clarified, that is, "to serve the peasants, to advance and retreat freely, to have equal rights, and to manage democracy". At the same time, it is emphasized that the state's preferential support in agricultural infrastructure construction, technology promotion, and agricultural product marketing should be tilted towards professional farmer cooperatives; It is necessary to take cooperatives as the main body of the implementation of the construction of agricultural support projects, and the agricultural and rural economic construction projects supported by the state, which can be undertaken by professional farmer cooperatives, can be entrusted and arranged for implementation; It is also necessary to increase financial subsidies, introduce financial support policies, and implement preferential tax policies.