Do plants have an immune system? Do plants have an immune system

Most plants have a natural immune system, which is effective against diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses. So can plants, like vertebrates, acquire an adaptive immune system that can recognize multiple antigens? The knowledge of plant acquired immunity precedes the understanding of plant cross-protection, which is the increased resistance of perennial plants that have been previously infected with pathogens to pathogens.

A typical example is that orchids are more resistant to virulent strains after being devoid of pathogenic fungi. Later, experiments proved that by inoculating small plants with various inducing factors, plants can be immune as a whole and resist the occurrence of various diseases. Inducing factors can be varied, non-pathogenic physiological races of pathogens, selected pathogens, weakly pathogenic pathogens, strongly pathogenic pathogens and their metabolites can all induce plants to acquire immunity to diseases.

Now, cross-protection has evolved into two branches, namely system-acquired resistance and induced acquired resistance.

Plants have non-specific immune mechanisms, such as gums and gel-like substances, but no specific immune mechanisms. Mainly because it does not have T-cell-like immune cells and can only carry out broad-spectrum immunity (untargeted). Human beings have a circulatory system, with the help of which system-specific immunity can be carried out, such as T cells can "remember" specific antigens, and rediscovery activates specific immune mechanisms.

At present, the conclusion is still inconclusive, plants have their own set of anti-microbial systems, and indeed effective resistance to diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses, but the mechanism has not been fully understood, neither immunoglobulins have been found in plants, nor has there been definitive evidence of their pro-antibody relationships. Whether it is an immune system or not is not yet certain, most scientists currently study the animal immune system, although many scientists say plant immune system, but there is no authority to give an exact identification.

Probably not.

The immune system needs immune cells...

Whereas, there are no immune cells in plant cells.

Of course, plants can get sick too, and how can they thrive without an immune system.

Plants have a strong ability to heal themselves and have a very strong immune system. This is also the reason why plants have been able to stand proudly on the earth for hundreds of millions of years.

There should be none, after all, most plants have a simple structure.

The immune system needs immune cells...

Whereas, there is no immune cell z in plant cells

Yes... It's just not the same as the animal ...

Yes, but it is generally embodied in the next generation.

If you ask a simple question, I can only answer it simply, this question is not good, if you want to be detailed, you can only count on experts to help you.

This can be there, and it's quite powerful, and it can also emit gases, volatile oils, and whatever, to resist pests, bacteria, or something.

Of course there is, plants are capable.

Of course there is, and it's right or wrong.

Have immunity. Look it up for yourself.

There are two types of immunity for the human body, one is called specific immunity, which is the binding between antigens and antibodies or the attack of immune T lymphocytes on microorganisms with specific antigens, etc. There is also a kind of immunity called non-specific immunity, such as the protection of the human body, the adsorption of foreign substances by the fluid secreted by the exocrine glands, and so on.

It is safe to say that plants do not have a specific immune system because plants do not have lymphocytes; However, for non-specific immunity, plants have, such as bark, gum, etc., actually have certain non-specific immune functions.

Plants have a certain immunity, which is the conclusion of long-term research by botanists. But what is the mechanism of plant immunity? Scientists didn't figure it out.

Rats and cockroaches have strong resistance, so rodenticide and cockroach exterminators are constantly upgraded. If people grasp the immune mechanism of plants and cultivate new food crops, it is believed that there will be only benefits to human beings, not harm, and the annual cost of pesticides alone will not know how much to save. Plants have been on the earth for a long time, and I don't know how many fungi, viruses, bacteria and other parasites have eroded plants, but there are still so many plants on the earth, which is enough to show that plants have an immune mechanism to resist the invasion of external viruses.

Over the past century, a series of studies have been conducted on the application of immunization methods in plants to fight diseases. Inducible factors are inoculated on young plants to make the plant as a whole produce immune function to achieve the purpose of disease resistance. These inducers are sprayed on the surface of leaves, watered in the roots, or injected directly into the plant.

For the same plant, the inducing factors can be a variety of factors, and the induced disease resistance is not limited to one pathogenic bacteria, and the protection has a certain broad spectrum. The Germans used to water the roots of the beans with grape fermentation fertilizer to immunize the plants. The Americans used melon spiny disc and tobacco necrosis virus to induce cucumber immunity, making cucumbers resistant to 10 diseases, including black stem disease, stem rot, cucumber mosaic disease and horn spot.

A single induction can immunize the plant for 4 to 6 weeks, and if the induction is intensified again, the immune effect can continue until the flowering and fruit setting stage. At present, the use of immune induction has been successful in a variety of crops such as tobacco, cucumber, watermelon, melon, beans, potatoes, wheat, apples, etc.

The plant antiviral elements in the immunized plants were significantly increased, and the phytoantixin could directly inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

Plant immunity has great potential, not only because it can control diseases strongly, but also has the outstanding advantage of not polluting the environment. Because there are still many unsolved problems in plant immunity, such as immunity can control only some plants and some diseases, the immune mechanism has not yet been fully understood, and the stability and heritability of immunity need to be further studied, so most of the current plant immunity is still only in the laboratory stage, and it is rarely put into private applications. However, the prospect of plant immunity is broad, and after the continuous efforts of scientists, it is believed that it will benefit mankind in the near future.

Tobacco World.

Integrative Plant Immunology and Molecular Biology.

As a result of the study, many scholars have proposed the concept of plant immune system (plantimmunesystem) or plant innate immune system (plantinnateimmunesystem). The plant immune system is against fungi.

Pathogens such as oomycetes, bacteria, etc., have two levels of immune response.

The first level identifies the broad-spectrum elicitors of microorganisms, and the second level identifies the specialized effectors of pathogenic bacteria.

Plant pathogens and non-pathogenic microorganisms generally have a broad spectrum of elicitors, called pathogen pattern molecules (PAMps) or microbialassociatedmolecularpattern (MAMP), It can be detected and recognized by the plant's pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to elicit the first level of immune response, while the undetectable one is susceptible. Pathogen pattern molecules are a class of conserved small molecules that are localized to plant cells.

There are many types of apoplasts, including bacterial polypeptides (flagellin), bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharide), nucleic acid variants of bacteria and viruses, and peptidoglycan.

peptidoglycan), lipoteichoic acid of gram-positive bacteria, lipoproteins.

lipoproteins) and fungal glucanase, among others.

Plants can get sick when they are infected by various germs, but they are not extinct, and the secret is that plants have the same immune function as animals.

Plants are mostly naturally immune and are effective against diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses.

So can plants be like human cowpox, and can also obtain acquired immunity? After a long period of experimentation, people finally succeeded. By inoculating young plants with various inducing factors, plants can be immune as a whole and resist the occurrence of various diseases.

Inducing factors can be varied, such as non-pathogenic physiological races, selected non-pathogens, weakly pathogenic pathogens, strongly pathogenic pathogens, and their metabolites can all induce plants to acquire immunity to diseases. At present, it has been confirmed in at least 17 families of plants, and the plant resistance in the immunized plants is significantly higher than that of the general plants. Phytoantixins are biospecific and can directly inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

Personally, I think that plants have an immune system. Rich layers and precise control. Of course, it's not the same as the animal system we're familiar with.

First of all, in terms of organs, plants do not have specific immune organs and immune cells (this is actually still controversial), but the immune mechanism at the cellular level still has many similarities with animals. For example, they rely on surface antigens to recognize antibodies, and kinase modification triggers downstream cascade reactions, triggering changes in intracellular gene expression, and expressing a large number of immunoactive substances, in this process, some surface antigens of animals and plants have high homology. In addition, as mentioned in the first answer, PTI and ETI are similar to inflammatory reactions and allergic reactions.

SA, JA, ET are transported to plants through volatilization and leaf veins, which are slightly similar to animal circulatory systems. But the plant stands still, wow. There are no T cells, B cells or anything.

For animals, acquired immunity is more specialized, I have seen enemy A, I kill enemy A, the acquired immunity of plants is weird, you let it be eaten by insect A, it can gain resistance to a series of other things in ABCDE. <>

The plant immune system refers to the fact that each mechanism is independently affected by infection, and each mechanism must have the right amount of special proteins, called immune receptors, to respond in the right place, and also have the right combination to make the plant effective and efficient immune response.

Millions of dollars are lost each year due to damage to cereals and decorative plants caused by pathogens, including the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. In March 2015, a team of researchers at the University of Missouri discovered a new way for plants to defend against pathogens.

Bacteria can directly affect the disease of tomatoes and leaves, and directly damage fruits and leaves. Research at the University of Missouri used arabidopsis thaliana, which has the same immune response as tomatoes but grows faster, to study the plant's immune response.

Once upon a time, researchers thought that plants against bacteria and defended themselves by activating themselves in a few steps. But this study found that when a plant is attacked by bacteria, it actually uses three separate systems of immune mechanisms to motivate it.

The team of researchers at the University of Missouri confirmed that each mechanism is independently responsible for infection. Each mechanism requires the right number of specific proteins, called immune receptors, to respond in the right place. There are also the right combinations that allow the plant to respond effectively and efficiently.

This discovery could lead to new strategies for scientists to adopt in the future to help plants defeat bacteria and obtain good grains.

Like any organism, plants have finite resources, and they need to use them efficiently. If it is used too much in one area, it will be damaged in other ways. Such as the quality aspects of the grain produced.

The same findings apply to many other cereals, including rice and soybeans, and ornamental plants, including roses, pears and apple trees. These findings will lead to a new approach to research for scientists. <>

What should be studied by now is not very thorough. But we haven't even figured out the immune system of bats. The plant's one is further away.

Plants have highly efficient and complex immune systems. Their first line of defense is the thick epidermal cell wall, which acts like human skin. If the pathogen is able to cross this natural barrier, such as through a wound to invade the cell, the pathogen is usually recognized by receptors on the surface or inside the plant cell.

Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-rich repeat receptor kinases are one of the most representative pathogen recognition receptors in plants. This receptor kinase recognizes bacterial pathogens, a structure called flagellin that maintains bacterial movement. "Many bacterial pathogens have a conserved region on the flagellated protein, which allows plants to identify bacterial pathogens very efficiently through receptor kinases.

Sheen explained. Given the highly conserved and similar nature of the immune systems of animals and plants, bacterial flagellin is also able to induce innate immune responses in mammals through LRR receptors. <>