What does the immune system attack?

The role of the immune system is to search, recognize, and attack substances or pathogens that cause disease, such as bacteria or viruses. In the course of fighting pathogens, you will have symptoms such as fever and general malaise.

When a pathogen enters the bloodstream, a type of immune cell called phagocyte engulfs the pathogen and activates two other immune cells, B cells and T cells. B cells directly fight invading microorganisms by producing antibodies, while T cells are divided into many classes, and helper T cells activate the immune response by altering other immune system cells where the invader is located. Killer T cells directly kill invaders, while inhibition of T cells regulates and terminates the process of immune response.

After an immune response, the immune system remembers the chemical signals of the invader, and the next time it invades again, the immune system produces antibodies at a faster rate to attack.

In most people and most of the time, the immune system works very effectively, but sometimes it also attacks the normal environment. For example, an overactive immune response can cause so-called autoimmune diseases.

In such cases, for some unknown reason, the immune system mistakenly attacks normal, healthy body tissue, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, lupus, type I diabetes, scleroderma, and myasthenia gravis (destruction of muscle proteins) for some unknown reason. Some researchers believe that chronic fatigue syndrome and.

Lougehng disease may also be an autoimmune disease. Another type of immune disease is caused by the immune system reacting too strongly to some harmless substance, such as allergic diseases. Hay fever occurs when the immune system mistakes pollen for a dangerous invader and triggers a strong and sometimes fatal reaction.

Contrary to the above, there are cases where the immune response is too weak, manifesting as an immunodeficiency disease, of which AIDS may be the most familiar; The other is hereditary immunodeficiency, which is a rare but potentially fatal disease.

When a normal person has the following symptoms, such as an infection that does not heal easily and is easily infected, it may indicate that your immune system is suppressed.

The body's immune system is a defense network that covers the entire body. The first line of defense to protect the body is:**, mucous membranes and their secretions, cell membranes, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urethra and kidneys.

The second line of defense is: phagocytosis, antimicrobial proteins, and inflammatory responses. The third line of defense is mainly composed of immune organs (tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, etc.) and immune cells (lymphocytes, phagocytic cells, etc.) with the help of blood circulation and lymphatic circulation.

The immune system has the role of immune surveillance, defense, and regulation.

Antigens that mainly attack foreign invasions, such as pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, bacteria, polluting substances, mutated tumor cells in the body, senescent cells, dead cells and other harmful components, removed waste products and virus dead and injured corpses left by immune cells when fighting viruses are removed by immune cells.

What does the immune system attack to attack an invading antigen, such as a pathogen?

Organisms, viruses, bacteria, polluting substances, mutated tumor cells in the body, aging.

cells, dead cells and other harmful components, after the removal of waste and immune cells fight with viruses.

The dead and injured bodies of the virus left over from the war were spared.

Diseased cells are cleared, and generally their own tissue antigens are not.

There will be a reaction, called immune tolerance, however.

There are diseases in which the immune system in the body is wrong.

Induce an immune response against the antigen of the own tissue, attack and destroy the own tissue, causing autoimmune disease.

Some behaviors in life actually seem to be very small, but they will destroy the body's immune system in some unconscious, for example, some people usually drink less water, if they are not particularly thirsty, they will not drink water, in fact, if they feel thirsty when drinking water, it has caused some damage to the body, which will affect the body's metabolic ability and blood circulation, and will allow toxins to accumulate in the body, unable to detoxify normally, and will threaten the body's immunity. He now has a lot of young people who often stay up late, staying up until a few o'clock in the morning, for a long time it will make the body's organs unable to repair enough, the immune system will play a destructive role, and they will get sick for a long time, and some women usually like picky eaters, do not eat some meaty food, and if there is not enough nutrient intake, it will also endanger physical health. Therefore, if you want to avoid this situation, you must drink more water, eat a balanced intake of nutrients, avoid staying up late, combine work and rest, and ensure adequate sleep.

Because of work and social pressure and other reasons, many people don't usually like to exercise, if they don't exercise, the damage to the body is also very great, which will lead to obesity and cause some other physical diseases. In fact, exercise is a very good thing, regular exercise can accelerate the body's metabolism, help the excretion of waste in the body, but also promote appetite, improve sleep, and at the same time can maintain a good weight, reduce the damage caused by obesity to the body.

If the immunity is low, it will bring a lot of trouble to the body, which will speed up the aging of the human body, and will also cause various small diseases, such as catching a cold when it is a little cold, and the prevalence will also increase. Moreover, people with weakened immunity are very susceptible to various infectious diseases, such as AIDS.

Finally, in life, we must improve our immunity, maintain a positive attitude, have a healthy awareness, and exercise appropriately.

Staying up late, eating fried food often, overeating, mental pressure, not exercising, and often indiscriminately using drugs will destroy the immune system. In terms of diet, you should eat some high-protein and high-calcium foods, eat more green vegetables, try not to eat greasy food, do not overeat, insist on exercising for more than half an hour every day, and seek medical attention in time when you are not feeling well.

Like to smoke and drink, stay up late and not sleep, use some drugs indiscriminately, be overstressed, very nervous, like to eat sweets, eat all kinds of canned food; I think that if you want to avoid this situation, you must first strengthen your physical exercise, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, supplement more foods containing trace elements and minerals, and maintain good living habits.

Personally, I think that poor immunity is caused by bad habits in life, such as eating some canned food, you should eat more fresh food, there is a layer of wax on the surface of the barrel noodles, eating it is not good for the body, blocking yourself from communicating with the outside world; Take medicine indiscriminately, don't exercise, don't sleep well; It is best to have the right lifestyle and eating habits so that the immune system can not be destroyed.

As the guardian force of human health, the immune system is mainly composed of two parts: innate immunity and acquired immunity.

1. Innate immunity.

Innate immunity is present at birth. The first echelon of repentance is **, mucosa, which prevent bacteria, viruses, etc. from stationing and multiplying in the cortex and prohibiting them from entering the epithelium; In addition, mucosal secretions, such as lactic acid, fatty acids, gastric acid and enzymes, also have a bactericidal effect. The second echelon is the bactericidal substances and phagocytic cells in body fluids, such as neutrophils, macrophages, etc., which have a defensive effect on a variety of pathogens.

When people are unconscious, these two echelons prevent the invasion of pathogens on the body.

2. Acquired immunity.

Acquired immunity is gradually established by the human body through continuous contact with new things after searching for cherry blossoms, and it only works against a specific pathogen or foreign substance.

How many physiological functions does it have? The immune system is a complete anatomical system in which the body recognizes self and danger signals, triggers an immune response, performs immune effects, and maintains its own stability; It has its own operating mechanism and can cooperate with other systems and restrain each other to maintain the overall physiological balance of the body in the life process. It has the functions of immunity, anti-hunger, immune self-stability and immune monitoring.

To put it simply, the immune system attacks unfamiliar foreign substances (not necessarily all foreign substances that are harmful to the human body), such as various bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms.

The immune system is most capable of attacking many viruses, such as cold viruses, influenza viruses, hepatitis A viruses, herpes viruses (mainly herpes simplex virus, which often causes diseases such as facial paralysis, mouth ulcers, hand, foot and mouth disease, etc.), as well as SARS virus and new coronavirus.

The immune system has a weak ability to kill fungi, and can only kill a small number of fungi with mild infection.

Current studies have found that possible factors related to estrogen levels, smoking, viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms are among others.

Under the action of these various factors, through common antigens, abnormal immune regulation and other mechanisms, autoantibodies that attack their own tissues are produced, and recent studies have found that autoantibodies are not the only ones, and the autoantibodies currently found are rheumatoid factor (autoantibodies against the IgG FC segment), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, anti-keratin antibodies, etc. The immune system is a fairly complex web, and the current findings may only be a comparison of changes in the downstream stages, or perhaps some immune response triggers the initial trigger in the future. A large number of rheumatology and immunology-related researchers are committed to the best research of RA, and our front-line clinicians are looking forward to some breakthrough research to bring better methods to patients.

In summary, autoimmune diseases are not like infectious diseases, they may be caused by a single pathogen, and the disease can be cured by removing the pathogen with antibiotics. Autoimmune diseases are caused by complex factors such as genes, environmental factors, and immune system disorders.

There are many diseases in which the immune system attacks one's own organs, and I am a good example, I have suffered from ankylosing spondylitis for 11 years, which is an immune system disease, which is known as "immortal cancer" in medicine, and every time it occurs, the immune system is chaotic and attacks one's body. When the diagnosis was first made, the doctor said that it was not possible, and that the strong immune system was like a police station, and after they drank alcohol, they would get dizzy, causing the system to be chaotic, and they would attack their bodies with guns. The joints of the whole body will be inflamed, very painful, sometimes the high fever does not go away, the eyes, ears, and body organs will cause damage, at this time it is necessary to regulate, the immune system.

Biological agents and the like, I rely on this expensive biological agent and drug, from twice a week to once a month now, regular hospital injections, so that like normal people, it does not affect normal life, but it can only control the progression of the disease, and the root cause cannot be ** at present. Deformation of the spine and joints, forced fibrosis, autoimmune diseases that cause 1 degree of eye, lung, musculokeletal lesions.

Immunity is the physiological function or pathological response process of the body to recognize and reject antigenic substances.