What is the difference between organic peroxides and inorganic oxidants

Organics are organic compounds. A general term for carbonaceous compounds (except for a few simple carbonaceous compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, metal carbides) or hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Organic matter is the material basis for the production of life.

Characteristics of organic compounds: Most organic compounds mainly contain carbon and hydrogen, and often contain oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, halogens, phosphorus, etc. Some organic matter comes from the plant kingdom, but most of them are made from oil, natural gas, coal, etc. as raw materials, and are prepared by artificial synthesis.

Compared with inorganic matter, the number of organic matter is numerous, up to several million. The carbon atoms of organic compounds are very strong in binding capacity and can combine with each other to form carbon chains or carbon rings. The number of carbon atoms can be one, thousands, tens of thousands, and many organic polymer compounds can even have hundreds of thousands of carbon atoms.

In addition, isomerism is very common in organic compounds, which is one of the reasons for the abundance of organic compounds. Organic compounds are generally combustible except for a few. Compared with inorganic substances, they have poor thermal stability, and electrolytes are prone to decomposition when heated.

The melting point of organic matter is low, generally not exceeding 400. The polarity of organic matter is very weak, so it is mostly insoluble in water. The reaction between organic matter, most of which is an intermolecular reaction, often requires a certain amount of activation energy, so the reaction is slow, and catalysts and other means are often needed.

Moreover, the reaction of organic matter is more complex, under the same conditions, a compound can often carry out several different reactions at the same time to produce different products. Inorganic substances are inorganic compounds. Generally, it refers to the compounds of various elements other than carbon, such as water, salt, sulfuric acid, lime, etc.

However, some simple carbon-containing compounds such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, carbonates, and carbides are also studied as inorganic due to their similar composition and properties to inorganic substances. The vast majority of inorganic substances can be classified into four categories: oxides, acids, bases, and salts.

Oxidants are used in redox reactions.

The substance whose valency decreases.

Peroxide. It consists of two elements.

One element is oxygen.

And the valency of oxygen is minus-one.

compounds.

Organic peroxides refer to organic substances and their mixtures containing peroxy groups (O—O) in their molecular composition, which can be regarded as derivatives of hydrogen peroxide in which one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. Organic peroxides can undergo exothermic self-accelerated decomposition, which is a thermally unstable substance, usually with the properties of easy decomposition, rapid burn-up, and extreme sensitivity to heat, vibration or friction.

Organic peroxides are classified into 7 types according to their degree of danger.

Hazardous properties of organic peroxides:

1) Strong oxidation.

2) Decomposition in case of heat.

3) Sensitivity.

4) Decomposition with acid.

5) Decomposition with water.

6) Toxicity and corrosiveness.

7) Strong and weak oxidant reaction.

The following calls for wisdom are oxidants and organic peroxides are and serve ().

a.Potassium permanganate (correct answer).

b.Sodium peroxide (correct answer).

c.Potassium peroxide (correct answer).

d.Hydrogen peroxide (correct answer).

Oxidizing agents must be oxidizing, and substances that are oxidizing are not necessarily oxidizing agents.

In redox reactions, substances that gain electrons are called oxidants, and correspondingly, substances that lose electrons are called reducing agents. In a narrow sense, an oxidizing agent can refer to a substance that can make another substance get oxygen, and so on, a fluorinating agent is a substance that can make a substance obtain fluorine, as are chlorinating agents, brominating agents, etc.

The electron-gaining property of the oxidant is called oxidation, and the determining factor of the oxidizing balance is the electron-gaining tendency of the ** state element in the collapse of the material. In solution, according to the electric double-layer theory, the magnitude of the oxidizing anti-bond is reflected as the standard hydrogen electrode potential of the oxidant: the higher the potential, the stronger the oxidation; The lower the electric potential, the weaker the oxidation, and correspondingly, the stronger the reduction of the reduced state.

It should be organic peroxides that are more dangerous.

1. Ordinary oxidants must encounter reducing agents in order for redox reactions to occur. And only those strong oxidants and strong reducing agents can have dangerous reactions such as combustion, **, etc.

2. The organic peroxide contains a peroxide bond (-o-o-), and the valency of these two oxygen atoms is -1 valence, which is the intermediate valency of oxygen elements, which can be increased to 0 valence or decreased to -2 valence. That is to say, under suitable conditions, it itself can undergo redox reactions, part of the oxygen atom valency increases, part of the oxygen atom valency decreases, resulting in **, combustion, etc.

Because when ether is stored in the air for a long time, the carbon-hydrogen bonds in the ether form organic peroxide polymers due to the formation of peroxide bonds, which are unstable and easy to decompose when heated, which will cause dangerous accidents such as **. Therefore, it is necessary to check for the presence of peroxide.

Methods: A small amount of ether was tested with moistened starch potassium iodide test strips, and the test strips turned blue, indicating the formation of peroxides.

Removal: Remove with ferrous sulfate or sodium sulfite solution.

First of all, oxidants and organic peroxides are very oxidizing, and the oxidized substances will release a lot of heat, which is very prone to combustion.

Most peroxides burn easily, and they burn quickly and violently, because peroxide oxidation can release a large amount of oxygen to support combustion.

Storage and transportation.

1) Except for non-combustible gas, it shall not be stored together with other items that conflict with each other; Different varieties of oxidants should be stored in separate stacks, and it is strictly forbidden to mix with organic combustibles. Before and after storage in the warehouse and before and after loading and unloading of transport vehicles, they should be thoroughly cleaned to prevent impurities from being mixed.

2) The packaging should be intact and tightly tied without leakage to avoid danger. In case of damage to the packaging, immediate measures should be taken, and the leakage should be thoroughly removed.

3) The warehouse shall not leak water, and shall prevent the invasion of acid mist, and it is strictly forbidden to mix with acids. The warehouse should be cool and ventilated to prevent sunlight exposure.

4) Friction and impact should be avoided during storage and transportation. You can refer to ** items.

5) It should be shipped separately and should not be shipped in parallel with acids, organic matter, reducing agents, etc. In general, the primary inorganic oxidant shall not be formulated with an organic oxidant; Nitrites, chlorites and hypochlorites shall not be formulated with other inorganic oxidants.

Oxidants shall not be mixed with spontaneous combustion, flammable and water-combustible products.

Unstable, easy to cause combustion in the event of high temperature, impact, etc., is a chemical dangerous goods.

The oxidant can oxidize many substances, and a large amount of heat is released during oxidation, which may cause fire and accidents. Peroxidants are generally very oxidizing items, and when encountering reducing items, they will react violently to cause **, combustion, etc., and these substances themselves are not very stable, and they will also separate and release gas in the case of high temperature and impact, which is easy to cause, so they are chemical dangerous goods.

Strong oxidation, easy to meet reducing agent.

1.Hazardous properties of peroxides.

Decompose sexuality.

Peroxides all contain peroxide groups (-o-o-), due to the weak binding force of peroxide bonds, the energy required for fracture is not large, peroxide groups are extremely unstable structures, extremely sensitive to heat, vibration, impact or friction, and decompose when subjected to a slight external force.

If the heat release rate of the reaction exceeds the heat dissipation rate of the surrounding environment, the temperature rises under the action of the heat of decomposition reaction, and the reaction accelerates and develops to **. The order of change of the stability of organic peroxides is: ketone peroxide, diacetylperoxide, perether, and dialkyl peroxide.

The lower homologs of various peroxides are more sensitive to mechanical action than the higher congeners, and the danger is greater.

FlammableMost peroxides burn easily, and they burn quickly and violently. The activation energy of organic peroxide O-O bond is lower than that of general ** substances, which is in the range of about 80 160 kJ mol, which determines that the spontaneous ignition temperature of organic peroxide is low. When the peroxide is enclosed and heated, it is easy to turn from rapid deflagration to detonation.

Personal injury.

The personal injury of organic peroxide is mainly manifested in the easy damage to the eyes, such as cyclohexanone peroxide, tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, etc., all of which have a harmful effect on the eyes, and some will cause serious damage to the cornea even if they are in contact with the eyes for a short time.

The structural characteristics of the peroxide functional groups in organic peroxides determine that peroxides have the following chemical properties:

1) It has a strong oxidizing effect.

2) It has natural decomposition properties, above 40, most of the peroxide reactive oxygen species are reduced.

3) Acids and alkaline substances can promote decomposition. Strong acids and hydroxides (solid or highly concentrated aqueous solutions) of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals can cause intense decomposition.

4) Iron, cobalt, manganese organic peroxides and redox system compounds significantly promote decomposition.

5) Strongly reducing amines and other reducing agents significantly promote decomposition.

6) Iron, lead and copper alloys can promote their decomposition.

7) Rubber promotes its decomposition.

8) Rubbing, vibrating, or impacting the storage container causes a local temperature increase, which can promote decomposition.

Episode 6: What are the chemical properties of a substance: This lesson introduces the definition of the chemical properties of a substance through three experiments: "iron rusting", "candle burning", and "copper sulfate reacts with sodium hydroxide". The properties of matter that manifest themselves in chemical changes are called chemical properties.

Fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide are still in the dust.

Sulfides, selenized fissile slags, tellurides.

Nitride, phosphide, arsenic.

Carbide, silicide.

Boride. Hydride.

In a reaction, an atom in the ** state is the oxidation state, which includes the oxidizing agent as well as the reduction product.

Oxidation states are the different valence states of matter, which are called valency in middle school and oxidation in college, and the term oxidation state is more accurate than valency.

Just as elements in different valencies do not necessarily exhibit oxidation, a certain oxidation state does not mean that it is oxidized, and there may be no oxidation but only reduction;

For example, when it is in the lowest oxidation state, it can only be used as a reducing agent, and when it is in the highest oxidation state, it can only be used as an oxidant;

Of course, it is not necessarily used as an oxidant when it is in the highest oxidation state, because it may be very stable, such as C in CO2 is in the highest oxidation state, but it will only be used as an oxidant when it encounters an extremely strong reducing agent.

It is not an oxidant that is a substance that obtains electrons or has an electron pair bias in the redox reaction, and changes from ** to low price.

The oxidant gets its electrons from the reducing agent and the electrons are reduced to the reducing products themselves.