What is the status of China s land resources?

China's land resources have the following characteristics:

1) Diverse land types. Among them, the land area of humid and semi-humid areas accounts for; Land area in arid and semi-arid areas. From the perspective of topographic height, from the eastern plain with an average altitude of less than 50 meters, it gradually rises to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with an altitude of more than 4,000 meters in the west.

2) Large mountainous area. Mountains (including hills and plateaus) cover an area of about 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for 66% of the total land area. 1 3 of the country's population, 2 5 of the arable land and 9 10 of the wooded land are distributed in the mountains.

3) The proportion of agricultural land resources is small. China's total land area is very large, and according to the existing technical and economic conditions, only 6.27 million square kilometers of land resources can be used by agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, as well as urban and rural construction, accounting for 65 percent of the total land area. About 1 3 of the other land is deserts, Gobi, glaciers, rocky mountains, alpine deserts, etc., which are difficult to use for agriculture.

Of the land that can be used for agriculture, arable land and forest land account for a relatively small proportion. arable land is about 100 million hectares, accounting for 14% of the total land area; About 100 million hectares of forest land, accounting for 17%.

4) Insufficient reserve cultivated land resources. According to statistics, there are still about 35.3 million hectares of land suitable for cultivating crops and developing artificial pasture and economic forests in natural grasslands, vegetable forests, shrublands and tidal flats, accounting for the total land area of the country.

The latest data on the second phase have not yet been released, and there is no land resource status in this area.

The current situation of cultivated land in China is one more and three less, and one more refers to the total amount of cultivated land.

One more refers to: that is, the total amount of cultivated land. The three lessities refer to less cultivated land per capita, less high-quality cultivated land, and less cultivated land reserve resources.

The current situation of China's land resources:

1.Farmland resources are relatively scarce, and there is little land for good quality

With the development of the economy, China's per capita land resources are gradually shrinking, and the cultivated land is also decreasing. Meantime. The quality of cultivated land in China is generally low. Among them, the area of superior land is 100 million mu (10,000 hectares), which only accounts for the total area of cultivated land in the country.

2.The degradation of land resources is more serious

The continuous degradation of land resources in China is mainly manifested in the large reduction of the amount of cultivated land, serious desertification, serious soil erosion, and serious barren agricultural land. For example, real estate occupies a large amount of land resources, agricultural cultivated land resources are occupied, irrational or overutilized, and the greening construction is not perfect, which are the causes of land degradation.

3.The phenomenon of enclosure is frequent

Although many localities have relevant land management systems, there are still some areas that ignore the system and have the phenomenon of using land before approval and exceeding its authority. Similar to the real estate development boom, enterprises develop a large amount of land to develop the real estate industry, resulting in a large amount of land resources being encircled. In some localities, a large amount of land has been enclosed by industrial and commercial capital in rural areas, resulting in non-grain and non-agricultural conversion.

These are all wastes of land resources.

At present, there are two main problems in land development and utilization in China: first, the degradation of land quality in large areas; Second, land is wasted, and good cultivated land is decreasing. The former includes soil erosion, land desertification, salinization, latent breeding and land pollution. The latter refers to irrational land use, indiscriminate occupation and abuse of cultivated land, etc.

The main ones are: First, soil erosion is serious. Deforestation, grassland reclamation, and improper harvesting and grazing have destroyed vegetation and exacerbated soil erosion, which are the main problems of land resources destruction.

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of industrial and mining, transportation and other large-scale projects, and the lack of attention to soil and water conservation in construction has also caused soil erosion to increase. Second, desertification is expanding. Land desertification refers to the phenomenon of wind-blown sand activities and desert-like landscapes under arid and windy conditions after the ground is lost due to the destruction of vegetation and the loss of ground cover.

Third, the area of secondary salinization of land is large. Fourth, land has been polluted and damaged, land has been wasted, the quality of cultivated land has declined, and insufficient attention has been paid to the protection and utilization of forest and fishing land. Fifth, land for urban and rural construction has been expanding year by year, occupying a large amount of cultivated land.

Sixth, the development of mining areas has caused serious damage to the ecological environment, and the ecological reconstruction of mining areas is imminent.

With the development of time, China's urbanization and industrialization have accelerated, and the basic national conditions facing China's land resources are "more people and less land", and the total amount of land resources is large, but the per capita occupation of land is less, and the per capita occupation of cultivated land is less, and the land resources have become more scarce, and the contradiction between man and land is prominent.

Characteristics of China's land resources.

1.The absolute number is large and the per capita share is small.

China's land area is 14.4 billion mu. Among them, cultivated land is about 2 billion mu, accounting for about the total area of the country, forest land is 100 million mu, accounting for 4.3 billion mu of grassland, accounting for 1.2 billion mu of urban, industrial and mining, transportation land, accounting for 100 million mu of inland waters, accounting for about 100 million mu of wasteland suitable for agriculture and forest. China ranks fourth in the world in terms of arable land, eighth in forest land and second in grassland, but its per capita occupancy is very low.

As of 2014, China's per capita cultivated land area is only mu, far lower than the world's developed countries, less than 44% of the world's per capita cultivated land, and 666 counties are below the warning line of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's per capita cultivated land.

2.The distribution of land resources is unbalanced.

Due to the different hydrothermal conditions and complex topography and geological combinations, there are many different land types in China, but the distribution of various types of land resources is unbalanced. From east to west, it can be divided into humid areas (land area, semi-humid areas (land area, semi-arid areas (land area, arid areas (land area.

More than 90% of China's arable land and land waters are distributed in the southeast; More than half of the woodland is concentrated in the northeastern and southwestern mountains; More than 80% of the grassland is distributed in the arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China, and the productivity of land resources is concentrated in cultivated land.

3.The quality of land resources is not high.

Among the existing cultivated land, waterlogged land, saline-alkali land, soil erosion land, red soil low-yield land accounted for 12%, and secondary latent paddy soil accounted for 100 million mu. From the perspective of grassland resources, there are 900 million mu of desert and semi-desert grassland with annual precipitation below 250mm, and about 2 billion mu of alpine grassland distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with poor grass quality and low grass yield, about 60-70 mu or even 100 mu of grassland to raise 1 sheep, and the utilization value is low. The national forest volume per unit area is only 79 m3 per hectare.

4.There is not enough reserve arable land.

As a large developing country with many people and little land, and scarce cultivated land resources, China currently has only 100 million mu (10,000 hectares) of concentrated contiguous cultivated land reserve resources in the whole country, and the reserve resources of cultivated land are seriously insufficient. The unused land available for reclamation in Shanghai, Tianjin, Hainan and Beijing is close to depletion.

1) There are many people, and there are few mausoleums.

2) Complete types: It is conducive to the diversified development and utilization of land according to local conditions. The grassland area is relatively wide, and the proportion of cultivated land and forest land is relatively small.

3) The proportion of hard-to-use land in China is large, and the reserve land resources are insufficient.

4) There are obvious regional differences, the spatial distribution of various types of land is unbalanced, and the quality of land resources varies greatly.

Specifically, in the eastern monsoon area, the rain and heat are in the same period, the soil is fertile and the productivity is high, and 92% of the country's arable land and forest land are concentrated;

The south is hilly and mountainous; The climate is hot and humid and rainy, mainly paddy fields;

The northern plains are vast, with a lot of arable land, less precipitation, and slightly lower temperatures, mainly dry land.

The inland interior of Qibei in the west is sunny and rich in heat, but it is drought and rainfall, and the water source is insufficient, and grassland and desert are the mainstays.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has abundant sunlight, but it is high and cold, with insufficient heat and poor land productivity.

Legal Analysis: The classification system of land resources in China adopts a five-level classification system, including land potential area, land suitability, land quality, land restriction type, and land resource unit, among which the land resource unit is used as the mapping unit and evaluation object.

The classification system divides the country into nine land potential areas, including South China, Sichuan Basin-Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, North China-South Liaoning, Loess Plateau, Northeast China, Inner Mongolia Semi-Dry Hood, Zheng Drought Region, Northwest Arid Region, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region.

It is divided into cultivated land suitable for agriculture, suitable for agriculture and forestry and animal husbandry, land suitable for agriculture and forest, land suitable for agriculture and animal husbandry, land suitable for forest and pasture, land suitable for forest and pasture, land suitable for pasture and land suitable for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

Legal basis: Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China Article 4 The State implements a land use control system. The State prepares an overall land use plan, stipulates land use, and divides land into agricultural land, construction land and unused land.

Strictly restrict the conversion of agricultural land into construction land, control the total amount of land used for construction, and implement special protection for cultivated land. The term "agricultural land" as used in the preceding paragraph refers to land directly used for the production of agricultural products, including cultivated land, forest land, grassland, farmland water use land, aquaculture water surface, etc.; Construction land refers to the land for the construction of buildings and structures, including urban and rural residential and public facilities, industrial and mining land, transportation and water conservancy facilities, tourism land, military facilities, etc.; Unused land refers to land other than agricultural land and construction land. Units and individuals using land must use land in strict accordance with the purposes determined in the overall land use plan.