What are the six levels of human thinking, the six levels of higher order thinking?

There are six levels of higher-order thinking: memorization, comprehension, application, analysis, evaluation, and creation.

The first three categories are at the lower level of thinking and are considered "lower-order thinking", while the last three categories are at a higher level of thinking and are considered "higher-order thinking".

Introduction The so-called higher-order thinking refers to mental activities or cognitive abilities that occur at a higher level of cognition. It manifests itself in analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating, and creating in the classification of teaching objectives.

Higher-order thinking is the core of higher-order ability, which mainly refers to the ability to innovate, solve problems, make decisions and think critically. Higher-order thinking ability embodies the new requirements for the quality of talents in the knowledge era, and is the key ability to adapt to the development of the knowledge age. Developing learners' higher-order thinking skills implies a series of new instructional design assumptions.

The six levels of higher-order thinking are the behavior layer, the environment layer, the value layer, the ability layer, the goal thinking layer, the identity layer, and the leader thinking layer.

1. Behavior layer.

From the perspective of people's behavior level of thinking, they care about their own behavior performance, believe that the problem is due to their lack of behavioral ability, and their main coping mode is "action, action and action". For example, if they are paid very little, then they will work more overtime and earn more overtime.

2. Environmental layer.

People with a thinking pattern at the environmental level pay attention to the external environment and auxiliary conditions, similar to the psychological "external belonging", believing that the problem is the fault of others or that the environment is not good. For example, when they are not doing well, they think that the competition is too fierce that they are not promoted, or that the leader is biased against them, etc.

3. Values layer.

People at this level of thinking focus on what is important to them and what they want, and their primary way of coping is to "do the right thing."

4. Ability layer.

People with thinking patterns at the ability level pay attention to the improvement of their own abilities, believing that problems arise due to their own lack of ability, and the main coping mode is "learning, learning and re-learning". For example, if the work is not done well, they think that the cause is a lack of their own ability, and then they will focus on improving their own ability.

5. Goal thinking layer.

People with this level of thinking focus on "who I am and what kind of person I want to be", and their main coping pattern is "because of what kind of person I am, I will make certain choices and actions".

6. Identity layer.

People with this level of thinking focus on "who I am and what kind of person I want to be", and their main coping mode is "because of what kind of person I am, I will make certain choices and actions".

Higher-order thinking can be divided into six levels according to the hierarchical order: recognition, understanding, application, analysis, evaluation, and creation.

The first three categories are at the lower level of thinking and are considered "lower-order thinking", while the last three categories are at a higher level of thinking and are considered "higher-order thinking".

There are three perspectives of higher-order thinking in mathematics: dynamic perspective, origin perspective, and global perspective.

The difference in mathematical thinking determines the effectiveness of mathematics learning, and the reason why some students do not perform well in mathematics is because they only learn some isolated conclusions and static methods, they only rely on memory instead of thinking when solving problems, and they only accumulate the amount of knowledge in the learning process, rather than the qualitative leap of thinking.

Whether it is the teacher's teaching or the student's learning, in the specific learning process, we should focus on improving and enhancing the way of thinking, understand the reason, and act according to the reason, so as to turn the problem solving into a natural, reasonable, and flexible process, rather than a rigid, broken, and rigid process.

The Six Levels of Higher-Order Thinking:

1. Environmental layer.

People with a thinking pattern at the environmental level focus on the external environment and supporting conditions, similar to the "external attribution" in psychology, believing that the problems are the fault of others or the environment is not good. For example, the business is not good because the competition is too fierce, and the fact that I have not been promoted is because the leader is biased and so on. The main mode of coping is "complaining".

2. Behavior layer.

People with a thinking pattern at the behavioral level, who focus on their own behavior, believe that the problem arises because they are not strong enough to act, and their main coping mode is "action, action, and action". For example, if the salary is low, you will work more overtime and earn more overtime pay.

3. Ability layer.

People with a thinking mode at the ability level pay attention to ability improvement, thinking that the problem arises because of their own lack of ability, and their main coping mode is "learn, learn, and learn again". For example, if you don't do a good job because you don't have enough ability, you focus on improving your ability.

4. Belief and value layer.

People at this level of thinking are concerned about what is important to them and what they want, and their main coping mode is to "do the right thing".

5. Identity layer.

People with this level of thinking focus on "who I am and what kind of person I want to be", and their main coping mode is "because of what kind of person I am, I will make certain choices and actions".

6. Vision layer.

People with a mindset at the vision level are concerned with "What is my relationship with the world?" How can I change the world? The main response model is "How can we change the world for the better?"

There are very few people in this world who can reach the vision level, because these people think about their relationship with the world.

One-dimensional: linear strategic thinking.

Two-dimensional: Think big.

Three-dimensional: three-dimensional ecological thinking.

Four-dimensional: + thinking in the time dimension.

Five-dimensional: + probabilistic dimension thinking.

The summary is not very precise, and some thoughts of my own have been added. A long time ago, when I was talking to my friends about growing up, I also talked about the problem of points, lines, and planes, so I really wanted to add a 0-dimension in front of this five-dimensional: point thinking.

That is, many people's thinking is actually not even one-dimensional, because they are trapped in the present, that is, "use tactical diligence to cover up strategic laziness" as Mr. Run's opening sentence, only caring about small points and rampage, and even often complaining such as "I work so hard, but the whole world can't get along with me". Thinking about it this way, compared with 0 dimensions, there are actually -1 dimensions, that is, they don't even move for a reason, and they don't care about thinking, so there are probably a lot of them.

Linear thinking makes us need to understand that things have deep-seated causes and development trajectories, and we need to follow the trajectory of things to carry out our actions, think about the problems that occur, and promote the development of things in a strategic direction, rather than being in a state of coping with things all the time.

Thinking holistically is about adding interrelationships, such as systems, interpersonal and other related factors, if one thing is done well, it may be the result of our strategy being correct, or it may be the result of changes in other interrelationships; If things can't move forward, it may be because of a lack of effort, or it may be another reason, and learning to structure the deal of stakeholders and find the internal logical relationship can help us develop a better strategy.

Ecological three-dimensional thinking is to add a three-dimensional thinking mode, in the dimension of the coordinate axis, it is the train that defeats the carriage, and it is the smart machine that defeats Nokia.

Joining the thinking of the time dimension requires us to pay attention to the methods of the current successes, but also can not ignore the power of time, the same method at different times, the effect is not the same, we also have to lengthen our perspective, in addition to paying attention to the things that can have direct benefits for us at the moment, but also pay attention to the things that will bring us benefits and risks in the long run, that is, long-termism.

Finally, there is the level of probability, where people make things happen. It's not fatalism, it's about doing everything you can do in the moment and giving the dice to the heavens. This is also my value, fate is an interval, and it is difficult to escape from hard work, but you can go to the upper edge of the interval, and if you don't work hard, you will be at the lower edge, so working hard is to make yourself better, and when you really don't want to work hard, it's okay to relax, take it easy.