There is a sentence in Introduction to Finance, if you don t understand, everyone helps

Gold and silver are not money by nature, "Gold and silver are just two rare metals in nature, they are not money themselves, and later they became money, which is artificially prescribed, and it is certainly not money at all."

Currency is naturally gold and silver"Money is something that does not exist in nature, it is something created artificially, and people use precious metals such as gold and silver as the form of money, which represents a certain value. Therefore, money is naturally gold and silver.

Gold and silver are not naturally money, but money is naturally gold and silver', which has been proved by the natural properties of gold and silver to serve the function of money.

A substance can only be a proper expression of value, or an abstract and therefore equivalent embodiment of human labour, only if each part of which it is divided into is homogeneous. On the other hand, since the difference in the quantity of value is a purely quantitative difference, the monetary commodity must have only a pure quantitative difference, that is to say, it must be able to divide it at will, and to combine its parts at will. Gold and silver are naturally possessed by this property.

Ibid., pp. 107-108).

Gold and silver, as soon as they come out of the earth, are the direct embodiment of all human labor. That's where the magic of money comes in. (Ibid., p. 111).

From the point of view of value and use value, gold and silver have use value, while only in exchange they have value. Gold and silver are a medium of exchange for goods when they play the role of money, so gold and silver are naturally not money, but only play the role of money when acting as a medium; Money is naturally gold and silver because, before the advent of credit money, people progressed from bartering to using the medium of exchange, and when *** became the medium, they began to use the word money.

The essence of finance is to manage money for the rich and finance for the poor; credit, leverage, risk; Serving the real economy.

The first sentence is to manage money for the rich and finance for those who lack money. Finance is an intermediary service in the final analysis, and no matter what financial institutions and financial products, only by starting from this origin can they realize their own value. Banking, insurance, all the same.

Listed companies issue funds to raise funds, and the majority of shareholders buy Xincongshan to gain income, even if they are self-financing and have no rigid payment, it is also to build a channel for both sides of capital supply and demand.

The second sentence is credit, leverage, and risk. Credit is the foundation of finance and the lifeline of finance. Once there is credit, there is an overdraft, and an overdraft is leverage.

The essence of all financial innovation is to enlarge the leverage ratio, but too high a leverage ratio will generate risks and even lead to financial crises, and to prevent financial risks and solve financial crises, it is necessary to "deleverage". The essence of finance is to grasp the "degree" of the three and design a leverage ratio with reliable credit, low risk and not easy to bad debts.

The third sentence is to serve the real economy. This is the starting point and the end point of all financial work. The real economy is the "mother" of financial development, and the core position of finance in the modern economy can only be reflected in the process of serving the real economy.

The so-called "prosperity of all industries, prosperity of finance; If all industries are stable, then the financial sector is stable", which is the truth.

The heart of finance.

The core of finance is the value exchange across time and space, and all transactions involving the allocation of value or income between different times and different spaces are financial transactions, and finance is the study of why value exchange across time and space appears, how it occurs, and how it develops.

This is the case, for example, with "currency". It appears first and foremost to store the value of today, and then use the stored value to buy something else tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, or at any time in the future.

Doubling is to double the return, which is a yield of 200%. The column formula is as follows: Suppose the nominal interest rate is ifv pv=(1+i 4) 4*6

i = effective interest rate + 1 = (1 +

Effective interest rate =

This needs a detailed answer! Hehe.