The mascot of the Dulong clan, the folk customs of the Dulong clan

Dulong blanket symbolizes happiness and contentment.

1. The Dulong people love to sing, music and dance, and are especially good at expressing their thoughts and feelings through "singing" and "dancing", and pouring out their inner joys, sorrows, and sorrows. On important occasions such as festivals, weddings and funerals, building houses, and celebrating harvests, songs and dances are all carried out, and singing and singing are reversed.

2. Under the traditional concept of animism, the Dulong people generally believe in the existence and role of ghosts. Their knowledge and worship of the natural world is concentrated in the belief and sacrifice of various ghosts. A series of witchcraft activities such as ghost worship, sorcerer healing, ghost slashing, and divination are popular.

3. Regardless of drinking, eating and eating meat, the housewives share the food within the Dulong family, and the guests are also given an equal share when they come. At nightfall, the man drinks and recites the greetings by the fire, and then throws the bowl on the bamboo frame on the fire, with the bowl facing the sky as an auspicious omen.

4. Both men and women of the Dulong tribe are scattered, with their eyebrows hanging in front of them, draped over their shoulders in the back, and covering their ears on the left and right. In the past, they liked to wear pendant earrings and necklaces, but now men rarely wear them. In the past, women had the habit of tattooing their faces, and Dulong was called "Baktu" in Dulong language.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, this kind of literal custom has been gradually abandoned by Dulong women.

5. The Dulong people have a good tradition of not leaving a trail behind and not closing their doors at night, and regard stealing as the most shameful act.

6. The only traditional festival of the Dulong people is the New Year, which is called "Karjiangwa" in Dulong language. It is generally held in the winter month of the lunar calendar, that is, from December to January of the following year, and there is no fixed date, and the specific is selected by each village itself. The length of the festival depends on the amount of food, about two or three days or four or five days.

In the past, friendly families invited each other in the form of "oral traditions", "knotted ropes" or "carved wood", and guests would also arrive the day before the festival. During the festival, people worship the gods of heaven and ghosts, "throw bowls and divination", eat New Year's dinner, sing and dance, and even stay up all night.

7. The marriage of the Dulong clan strictly implements the extra-clan marriage system, that is, men and women of the same clan cannot intermarry regardless of whether they are directly related or not, and there is a relatively fixed marriage group between the clans.

8. The Dulong people have always practiced burial. The coffin is made of four wooden planks, and there are also a garden tree that is hollowed out and filled with a corpse or wrapped in a bamboo mat and buried in the soil. The day after the death of the person, he was carried out.

According to the taboo of the Dulong people, the corpse cannot be carried out directly through the gate, and the corpse must be sent out by prying open a crack in the back wall or floor of the house.

The traditional festival of the Dulong people - the Year of the Dulong.

The Dulong people call it "Kaquewa". It is the only festival of the year for the Dulong clan. They regard December 29 as the Chinese New Year's Eve, and the 30th as the first day of the new year.

The Dulong ethnic group is one of the ethnic minorities with a small Chinese population, formerly known as the "俅人". It is distributed in the valley area of the Dulong River Basin of Dulong Nu Autonomous County, Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, located in the west of Gaoligong Mountain, but east of Danglika Mountain, Dulongjiang Township is established, which is the only settlement of Dulong people. There are now about 7,000 people.

The Dulong language is used, and there is no native script.

In the past, the Dulong people did not have a unified ethnic name, and often used the region or river they lived in as their own name, such as "Dulong", "Dima" and so on. "Yuren", "Yuqu", and "Quren" are the names given to them by the Han people. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, according to the characteristics and wishes of the Dulong people, it was officially named Dulong.

According to molecular anthropological tests, the Dulong people are the closest ethnic group in China to the Han Chinese ancestry.

There is only one traditional festival of the Dulong people, that is, the New Year, which is called "Kaljiangwa" in Dulong language. It is held after the autumn harvest every year, usually between December and January, and the specific time and length of the festival are uncertain. The New Year is generally based on the family or village as a unit, and the specific time is temporarily agreed before the festival.

At that time, families should invite friends to spend the New Year together. Those who are near send a message, and those who are far away send "knotted ropes" or woodcuts as "invitations". The day before the festival, prepare a meal of wine and meat and a "Radar".

"Radar" are bamboo poles hung with new linen blankets. The linen blanket is hung according to the number of people in the family, and a few people will hang a few, only more, not less. They believe that more indicates prosperity for people and animals, and less bad luck.

The New Year of the Dulong people is not only a festival to celebrate the harvest, but also a sacrificial festival. Therefore, on the day of the festival, one of the most important activities is to sacrifice cattle to the "god Gemon" and various other gods. "Gemeng" is the ancestor of human beings in the myths and legends of the Dulong tribe, who created humans.

The Dulong people believe that if they prayed to him, he would be able to relieve disasters and diseases, protect human beings, and make the world have good weather and abundant grains. The length of the feast is often determined by the amount of food prepared. Usually lasts for two days or.

Four or five days. The most solemn sacrificial activity during the New Year Festival is the "Ox Sacrifice to the Sky". The ox is tied to a stake by the officiant of the festival, then the young woman draped the sackcloth blanket on the cow's back, hung beaded chains on the horns, arranged the offerings, lit the pine and pine leaves (pine leaves), and finally a young man with both parents stabbed the ox to death with a sharp bamboo spear, then cut the beef on the spot and cooked it in a large pot.

During the festival, all Dulong people should take the family as a unit, greet each other, and congratulate each other.

The Dulong people are the least populated of the endemic ethnic groups in Yunnan, mainly living in the Dulong River valley of Gongshan Dulong Nu Autonomous County in northwest Yunnan, and some of them are scattered in Fugong and Weixi counties on both sides of the Nu River. History called the Dulong clan "Yuren" or "Quren". The Dulong clan is divided into more than 50 patrilineal clans, and each patrilineal clan is divided into several fraternal clans.

The traditional way of life of the Dulong people is a primitive communist system centered on the family commune, which produces together and jointly owns the means of production and livelihood. The head of the family is responsible for handling and coordinating, the clan farms together, the daughter-in-law takes turns cooking, and the housewife distributes the meal evenly according to the head. The relatives and friends of the clan are receiving, the road is not left behind, and the house is not closed at night.

The hard-working and brave people of the Dulong tribe are trustworthy and abide by the contract, and their feelings are simple and sincere, "each has its own owner, and the road is not left behind". Both men and women are dressed in black and white striped Dulong blankets. Men like to carry crossbow arrows and waist horses, rough and heroic. In the past, women had a literal custom.

When young men and women of the Dulong ethnic group get married, they are accustomed to drinking Tongxin wine, which means that they will never be separated until they are old.

The Dulong people choose the auspicious day of the lunar month every year to celebrate the New Year, which is a traditional festival, called "Kaquewa". During the festival, the cow is sacrificed to the sky, the gong is struck, and the "cow pot village" dance is danced to celebrate.

The traditional clothing of the Dulong people generally wears black and white linen or cotton cloth with straight strips, and men wear shorts underneath, and it is customary to use a piece of linen cloth to be pulled diagonally from the armpit of the left shoulder to the chest, exposing the left shoulder and right arm. Women mostly wear dyed oil rattan rings around their waists for decoration, and there is a custom of tattooing. Men and women do not wear hats, but are often disheveled and barefoot.

Now the clothing has been greatly improved, women imitate the Susu people wear long-sleeved dresses, and wear colored bead chains, men like to carry waist knives, crossbow arrows.

The Dulong people live on agriculture, gathering and hunting. During the festival, each ethnic group and tribe has to hunt wild animals collectively, kill and slaughter sheep, and the tribal housewives distribute the food to each family, which they call "sharing food", and there are also cattle hunting activities.

The staple food of the Dulong people is mainly corn, millet, barnyard barley, buckwheat, barley, potato, taro and soybean, supplemented by a small amount of rice and wild animals.

The Dulong people have the habit of eating two meals a day. Breakfast is usually barley fried noodles or barbecued potatoes. For dinner, rice made from corn, rice or millet is the main meal, and the roots of various wild plants are ground into starch to make cakes and porridge.

The Dulong folk still retain many ancient cooking methods, the most common of which is slate baba cooked in a special slate pot.

The daily dishes of the Dulong people include planted artichoke, bean pods, melons, bamboo shoots, bamboo leafy vegetables and various mushrooms, which are usually cooked in a pot with chili peppers, wild garlic and salt. Winter is the peak season for hunting in the Dulong area, and the bison meat hunted is the main meat in winter. When eating bison, the beef is first air-dried, then roasted over a slight fire, and then pounded into shreds, made into meat floss or cut into small pieces, sealed in a bamboo tube for preservation or carry-on.

The Dulong River is also rich in a variety of fish, mostly those with fine scales and thick skin. When the Dulong people eat fish, they like to eat it with grilled or fried and baked and then dipped in seasonings, and often use the grilled fish as a side dish with wine. Bee pupae is one of the most exquisite dishes of the Dulong folk, and it is said that there are more centenarians in the Dulong people, which is related to the frequent eating of bee pupa.

The typical foods of the Dulong people are: boiled taro with hema, stewed chicken with soju, Jimi and so on.

People like to drink water, drink tea, and smoke dry tobacco. The Dulong people have a peculiar method of making wine. Dig a cellar in the ground, surround it with banana leaves on all sides, mix the cooked corn or rice with koji, put it in the cellar, cover it with a layer of banana leaves, seal it with soil, burn the fire on it and warm it, after three or five days, drill a small hole in the soil pit, if there is a strong wine smell, it will be brewed successfully, open the mud mouth of the seal, take out the corn or rice, put it in a basin and rub it and mash it, and the juice filtered out is edible wine.

Regardless of drinking, eating, and eating meat, the Dulong family is divided among the housewives. Guests come and share an equal portion. Generally, each family has several fire pits, and each child will have an additional fire pit after marriage, and each fire pit will take turns to take care of the cooking.