What are the differences in the pathology of tumors, tumors, benign tumors, and malignant tumors

Junior Nurse Super Book 04 Surgical Nursing 13 Tumor 01 Differentiation of Benign Tumor and Malignant Tumor, Pathology of Tumor, Tumor **.

Benign tumors refer to the abnormal proliferation of cells in certain tissues in the body, which grows expansively, like blowing up balloons, and gradually expands and grows slowly. Because the tumor continues to grow, it can squeeze the surrounding tissues, but does not invade the adjacent normal tissues, and the tumors are mostly spherical and nodular. The capsule is often formed around, so it is clearly demarcated from normal tissue, touched by hand, pushed and moved, easy to remove during surgery, removed without metastasis, rarely **.

Malignant tumors are diseases caused by abnormal mechanisms that control cell growth and proliferation. In addition to the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells, they can also invade the surrounding normal tissues and even metastasize to other parts of the body through the internal circulatory system or lymphatic system. The distinction between benign and malignant is often determined by clinical prognosis.

The distinction between the two can be seen in the table below, but there are many exceptions, and it is often difficult to distinguish strictly. This is also determined by the environmental conditions in which the individual tumor cells are exposed. Some scholars advocate that there is a continuous stage between benign tumors and malignant tumors, but some benign tumors such as prostate adenoma, breast fibroadenoma, uterine fibroids, and glomus tumors are tissue proliferations that are closely related to endocrine, nerve and other body regulatory mechanisms, so some scholars advocate that it is essentially different from malignant tumors.

Some tumors are benign in pathological detection, such as breast fibromas and lipomas, etc., and these tumors are easy to remove surgically and cleanly, but these tumors are particularly easy to resect, and the longer they grow, the more they spread, and these symptoms are similar to many malignant tumors, so the difference between the two is relative.

There is no strict boundary between benign and malignant tumors, and there are generally the following differences. Benign tumor growth characteristic growth method: often expansive or exophytic.

Growth Rate: Usually grows slowly. Border & Envelope:

The boundaries are clear, and there is often an envelope. Texture & Brilliance: Texture & Brilliance are close to normal tissues.

Invasive: usually not invasive, but a small number of some are invasive. **Metastatic alteration:

Do not transfer the transfer. Transfer: Complete extraction, usually not.

Histological special symptoms.

1) Differentiation and atypia: good differentiation without obvious atypia. (2) Arrangement and polarity:

The arrangement is regular, and the polarity is well maintained. (3) The number of cancer tumor cells: sparse, less.

4) Nuclear envelope: usually thin. (5) Chromatin:

Delicate, less. (6) Nucleolus: no increase, no increase.

7) Nuclear rupture phase: not easy to see.

Efficacy metabolism: Usually metabolic except for secretory tumors.

Contamination of the body: Except for the growth of key parts, the contamination is usually not large.

Malignancy. 1.Growth characteristics (1) Growth method: mostly aggressive growth.

2) Growth rate: Rapid growth, often endless.

3) Boundary and envelope: The boundary is unclear, and there is often no envelope.

4) Texture and brilliance: usually quite different from normal tissues.

5) Invasiveness: Usually there is invasion and spread.

6) Metastatic changeability: There are usually many metastases.

7)**Transfer:**Not timely, often easy**transfer.

2.Histological special symptoms.

1) Differentiation and atypia: Differentiation is not good, and there are often atypias.

2) Arrangement and polarity: Polarity is chaotic and irregular.

3) Number of cancer tumor cells: abundant and dense.

4) Nuclear envelope: thickening.

5) Chromatin: deep staining, increase.

6) Nucleolus: coarse, increasing in number.

7) Nuclear rupture phase: nuclear rupture is increasing, or showing an atypical nuclear rupture.

Efficacy metabolism: nucleic acid metabolism is abundant, enzyme spectrum changes, and abnormal metabolism is often produced.

Contamination of the body: No matter where it is generated, the contamination of the body is very large, and even leads to death.

Note: Infiltration and metastasis are the most important special symptoms of malignancy.

Benign tumors, from the meaning of benign and malignant words, we can understand that the good are good, that is, the nature of this tumor is good, and it is not harmful to people. The malignant one means the worst one, and the tumor has a serious threat or harm to human life. Both types of tumors are determined by the nature of the tumor cells.

A benign tumor is an abnormal proliferation of a certain tissue, forming a lump, which gradually grows in size and expands, and can compress the organ and affect the function of the organ after enlargement. For example, a benign tumor in the bronchi can block the lumen of the trachea when it enlarges, and finally the lungs cannot expand, resulting in shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. Benign tumors do not metastasize.

Malignant tumors, on the other hand, grow rapidly, mainly in an invasive manner, and can metastasize tumor cells to other tissues and organs in the body with the help of lymphatic tracts, blood tracts or cavities. The diagnosis can be confirmed by observing the shape and size of tumor cells, the characteristics of the nucleus, and the surrounding invasion and metastasis of the tumor with a microscope.

Benign tumors are generally slow-growing, can exist in the body for years or decades, have a clear boundary of expansive growth, and can be pushed slightly in the subcutaneous soft tissues. Malignant tumors, commonly known as tumors or cancers, mostly grow at a rapid rate and the boundaries are not clear; Malignant tumors that are superficial are often not easy to promote, and invasive growth is prone to metastasis.

Benign tumors and malignant tumors are significantly different from both macroscopic to microscopic, from appearance to internal structure, from their clinical manifestations to their harm to the human body. Doctors can generally correctly distinguish between benign and malignant tumors based on professional knowledge, clinical experience, and some special examination methods. Of course, there are those who are between good and evil, and it is difficult to distinguish them.

The growth rate of benign tumors is very slow, some even grow a little bit for decades, the activity is relatively fixed, and there will be no metastasis, but malignant tumors are different, the disease develops very rapidly, sometimes from the early stage to the late stage for almost a few months, and the disease will generally be found until the tumor metastasizes.

Benign tumors will not pose a threat to the adjacent tissues, and if they develop rapidly, then they can only be surgically operated, and there will be no harm to the body in the later stage. However, malignant tumors are completely different, the disease progresses very rapidly, affecting all the skills of the body, and eventually it may lead to the loss of body functions.

Whether it is a benign tumor or a malignant tumor itself, we need to pay more attention to our physical health in our daily life, and if we have any discomfort, we need to go to the hospital for examination, so that our body can return to health is the most important fundamental.

The main differences between benign tumors and malignant tumors are: 1. Different growth modes, benign tumors belong to expansive growth, and malignant tumors belong to invasive; 2. Benign tumors progress very slowly, while malignant tumors progress at different rates according to the degree of malignancy; 3. Benign tumors generally do not metastasize and metastasis, while malignant tumors are easy to metastasize and easy to metastasize; 4. Benign tumors are generally surgically surged, while malignant tumors are prone to metastasis and need expanded surgery, comprehensiveness, etc., and some patients are unable to do so later.

Some tumors, the destruction and rupture of hemangiomas, it will cause massive bleeding in the body, some tumors will cause infarction, causing some reactions in the body, and some will cause T torsion to cause acute acute abdomen in our body, etc. Therefore, if the tumor is large, the position occupied is critical, and it will cause a lot of adverse reactions, even if the benign tumor is also a tumor, so the tumor is still the same sentence, timely diagnosis, timely **.

The main difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor is the rate of growth and whether it affects other organs.

To put it simply, benign tumor tissue has a membrane on the outside that will not spread, and there is a clear difference from the surrounding tissue, so as long as it is cut off, it is fine, while malignant tumors do not have such a membrane, and will invade the surrounding cells, so it will spread, which is not good.

Benign and malignant liver tumors differ in the way they grow in the first place. Benign tumors exhibit a swelling growth with clear boundaries and mostly capsule-like formation; A malignant tumor is an aggressive, destructive growth with ill-defined borders. secondly, the growth rate of malignant tumors is relatively fast, and most of them are significant and endless; In addition, benign tumors will not metastasize, and the differentiation morphology is similar to that of normal tissue.

Chongqing Tongji Department of Hepatology.

Tumors are abnormal cells in the human body that are overproliferated due to the action of related factors, which grow wildly and spread wildly with uncontrollable magic. It leads to the failure of the affected organs, and finally leads to death. Tumors can be divided into benign and malignant according to their characteristics and the degree of harm to the body.

Benign is a tumor, malignant is cancerous.

What is malignant tumor: Malignant tumor, also known as carcinoma, medically, carcinoma refers to malignant tumour originating in epithelial tissue, which is the most common type of malignant tumor. Correspondingly, malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal tissues are collectively referred to as sarcomas.

There are a few malignant tumors that are not named according to the above principles, such as Wilms tumor, malignant teratoma, etc. The term "cancer" is commonly referred to as all malignant tumors.