Kindergarten autumn and winter infectious disease parenting knowledge

Popular** Risk.

Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses, and it is the epidemic season for respiratory infections such as influenza from October to March of the following year.

The main manifestation of influenza is fever, which is dominated by high fever (39-40) and can last for 3-5 days; Some children with influenza B, weakened immunity, and previous influenza vaccination may present with a low-grade fever.

Respiratory symptoms: including nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, dry throat, itchy throat, sore throat, cough, phlegm, etc.

The high incidence of infectious diseases in autumn and winter is coming! Parents do this well, so that their children will suffer less.

Systemic symptoms: children with influenza are prone to systemic symptoms, mainly headache, muscle aches, and general malaise.

Other symptoms: Some children may also experience vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms.

In uncomplicated patients, the body temperature gradually subsides after 3-4 days of illness, and the systemic symptoms improve, but it usually takes 1-2 weeks for cough and physical strength to recover.

Precautionary measures. Influenza vaccination. Vaccinating your child against influenza is the most effective way to prevent influenza.

Practice good personal hygiene and wash your hands frequently.

Pay attention to the cold and keep warm, and increase or decrease clothing at any time to avoid getting cold. When the human body is cold, the blood vessels of the respiratory tract are constricted, the blood circulation is reduced, the local resistance is reduced, and the virus is easy to invade.

Drink plenty of water. In winter, the climate is dry, the dust content in the air is high, and the human nasal mucosa is easily damaged, so it is necessary to drink more water to keep the nasal mucosa moist, which can effectively resist the invasion of viruses, and is also conducive to the excretion of toxins in the body and purify the internal environment.

Wash your hands frequently and scientifically. Respiratory secretions such as nasal discharge and sputum from patients with respiratory infections contain a large number of pathogens, and they may be transmitted to healthy people through contact with secretions, so it is important to pay attention to hand hygiene.

The tips for the prevention of infectious diseases in kindergarten in autumn and winter are as follows:

Autumn diarrhea. Autumn diarrhea is a diarrheal disease that occurs in autumn and winter. After children catch a cold, they often have diarrhea, and their stools are like water or egg drop soup, most of which have no special fishy smell, and can reach more than a dozen times a day.

Main symptoms: vomiting followed by diarrhea, accompanied by fever, watery stool or egg drop soup-like, the course of the disease is self-limited, and even medication cannot significantly change the course of the disease.

Mode of transmission: Autumn diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection has two routes of transmission: one is from fecal to mouth, that is, after direct or indirect contact with the feces of the affected child, the virus is carried into the mouth from food; The second is airborne transmission, that is, the virus in the feces of the child spreads into the air and enters the human body through the respiratory tract.

Precautionary measures: Pay attention to food hygiene to prevent diseases from entering the mouth.

Eat less fatty foods, eat more fresh vegetables, supplement vitamin B, and improve the function of the stomach and intestines.

Strengthen physical exercise and enhance physical fitness.

Avoid a cold in the abdomen.

Epidemic is an acute respiratory infection caused by the slump nuclear virus, which is transmitted by airborne droplets such as coughing and sneezing.

It manifests as acute onset, fever (up to 39 -40) accompanied by chills, chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, loss of appetite and other systemic symptoms, and the onset of contact with patients is 1 7 days.

Precautionary measures: Patients with influenza should seek medical attention** promptly and isolate until 48 hours after their body temperature is normal before resuming school.

Indoor windows should be opened frequently for ventilation, and attention should be paid to personal hygiene and protection. Use tissues when coughing and sneezing to avoid droplet transmission. Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly, and avoid touching your mouth, eyes, and nose with dirty hands.

Participate in exercise appropriately, eat and rest reasonably, and enhance physical fitness. Late Bridge.

Reduce public gatherings and group recreational activities.

Hand, foot, and mouth diseases.

1. **: Virus infection.

2. Epidemiology.

Source of infection: Sick and infected.

Mode of transmission: direct contact with the source of infection or transmission through nasopharyngeal secretions, feces, droplets; It is more common in summer and autumn.

Susceptible: children under 5 years of age are susceptible; Immunity to the same type of virus, and the duration of maintenance is unknown.

3. Clinical manifestations.

Mouth pain, anorexia, low-grade fever.

Vesicles or ulcers can be seen on the oral mucosa, and there are many places on the tongue, buccal mucosa, and hard palate, and occasionally affect the gums, soft palate, tonsils, and pharynx.

A maculopapular rash can be seen on the dorsum of the hands and soles of the feet, which then turns into herpes, and is absorbed after 2-3 days without leaving a scab. It can also be seen on the arms, legs, and buttocks, and less commonly on the trunk.

The course of the disease is short and the symptoms are mild. 4.Isolation and prophylaxis Isolate the child for two weeks.

Disinfect nasopharyngeal secretions, feces, and contaminants at all times. Pay attention to indoor window ventilation, disinfection of items, etc.

5、**。Symptomatic treatment: Maintain oral hygiene, and topical application can be applied to mouth ulcers.

Prevent secondary infection.

Traditional Chinese Medicine**: Clearing heat and detoxifying.

Precautionary measures. Due to the large temperature difference, young children should add an extra piece of clothing in the morning and evening than during the day. For children who are active and sweaty, you can put a towel behind them or change their clothes in time after playing.

At the same time, children's shoes should be mainly light sports shoes, and less breathable shoes should be worn.

Allowing young children to eat more vitamin-rich foods, especially foods containing more vitamins A and C, can help prevent upper respiratory tract infections. In autumn, garlic, radish, ginger, and leeks are all foods that can enhance children's resistance, and children may not like to eat them, but parents can let them eat by changing the eating method, such as adding minced garlic when cooking, and usually cooking some radish water and ginger water for children.

When at home, it is still necessary to ensure that the windows are opened for ventilation for a certain period of time to maintain indoor air circulation. Toddlers' bedding should be exposed to the sun frequently.

1. Strengthen physical exerciseEnhance physical fitness and improve the body's immunity.

2. Strengthen health publicity and educationto guide children to develop good hygiene habits and improve their awareness of self-protection.

3. Pay attention to frequent windows for ventilation at home and in classroomsto keep the air circulating.

4. Kindergarten to carry out the morning inspection systemIn order to detect patients early and take early measures.

5. Take appropriate preventive medication measures

6. Try not to have poor sanitary conditionsEat in a small restaurant without disinfection facilities.

Daily precautions for families and individuals:

1.Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer before eating, after using the toilet and after going out, do not let children drink raw water, eat raw or cold food, and avoid contact with sick children.

2.Caregivers should wash their hands before touching children, change diapers for young children, and dispose of feces properly.

3.Towels, handkerchiefs, toys, eating utensils, and milk utensils used by young children should be thoroughly washed before and after use.

4.During the epidemic period of this disease, it is not advisable to take children to public places where crowds gather and air circulation is poor, pay attention to maintaining family environmental hygiene, ventilate the room frequently, and dry clothes and quilts frequently.

5.Children with relevant symptoms should go to a medical institution for medical treatment in time.

1. Influenza Epidemic Epidemic, referred to as influenza, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza viruses.

The incubation period is short, and the contagion is strongest within 3 days of onset, and the virus is excreted by acorns secreted by the patient's respiratory tract. The main source of influenza infection is the patient, which is mainly transmitted directly by droplets, and can also be transmitted indirectly through droplets contaminating hands, utensils, clothing, toys, etc.

2. Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, referred to as flow encephalitis, commonly known as meningitis, is an acute infectious disease caused by meningococcal bacteria. It is more common in winter and spring, and can be affected by men, women and children, especially children. In the season when cerebral outbreaks are common, it is necessary to pay attention to active prevention.

Once a patient with sudden high fever, headache, projectile vomiting, convulsions and bleeding spots on the mucous membranes is found, attention should be paid to seek medical attention as soon as possible.

3. Measles, commonly known as "rash", is a respiratory infection caused by the measles virus, and direct contact with measles patients is also susceptible to infection. Measles is more common in children between the ages of six months and five years. The measles virus invades the human body through the respiratory tract and has an incubation period of 6-18 days.

The main symptoms are fever, photophobia, tearing, runny nose, conjunctival hyperemia, the appearance of sensitive oral mucosal plaques and systemic maculopapular rash Prevention and control measures Measles vaccination according to the immune system is the main preventive measure.

<>Common knowledge of prevention of common diseases in young children in spring: wash hands frequently, ventilate frequently, and avoid going to public places with crowds and poor air circulation during the epidemic. Children with relevant symptoms should seek medical treatment in a regular medical institution in a timely manner.

Mode of transmission: It is mainly transmitted through digestive or respiratory droplets, but may also be infected through contact with sick people** and mucosal herpes fluid.

Main symptoms: Fever symptoms appear first, maculopapular rash and herpes (redness around the rash) appears on the palms and soles of the feet, herpes and/or ulcers appear on the oral mucosa, and the pain is obvious. Some patients may have symptoms such as cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and headache.

A small number of patients are seriously ill and can be complicated by encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, pneumonia, etc.

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