What is the final conclusion of the Zhuangzi about the sage?

Zhuangzi was a very wise old man, some of his theories are very meaningful now, and his foresight was very rare in his time. His whole heart and bearing are very good, few people can reach such a height as him, and he is worthy of being a very talented person in Chinese history. The final conclusion of the Zhuangzi on the sage is also expressed in his "Wandering Away" and he also has some descriptions in "Wandering Away".

Zhuangzi said to the sage in "Wandering Away": "If the husband takes advantage of the righteousness of heaven and earth, and the argument of the six qis, and swims infinitely, he will be evil!" Therefore, it is said: The supreme man has no self, the god and man have no merit, and the saint has no name."

In this sentence, Zhuangzi has certain expressions for supreme beings, gods and saints, and we can understand what kind of person can be called a saint and what kind of expression and expression a saint has in the face of heaven and earth. The mental state of the sage and the state of the state have reached what kind of state they have reached, these are very worthy of everyone's consideration, and Zhuangzi's expression is also very precise and clear. <>

Zhuangzi, an old man, pursues the expression of the human spirit, seeks spiritual sublimation and pursues a transcendent life. He believes that absolute sublimation has no support, and the spiritual level is complete freedom. Don't rely on anyone or anything to achieve the state of leisurely travel, so a saint wants to reach this state by relying on heaven and earth, or all things, and is not a true saint.

The person with the highest cultivation is to respect nature and forget about oneself at the same time, everything happens naturally, as you like, without relying on any external force. <>

The highest level of a saint is to be able to go along with nature and at the same time forget about oneself and not focus on oneself. When the cultivation reaches a very high state, the spirit of the whole person is very free, and the things he pursues are also very high-level, and he does not pursue the so-called merit and fame. Rather, it is something that keeps oneself out of the way, which is a kind of sublimation and improvement of the whole person.

As one of the top figures in the philosophical trend in China's history, Zhuangzi has a very superb ideological realm, and his masterpiece "Zhuangzi" is part of the growth and precipitation of Chinese culture. Zhuangzi believes that a sage is a person who has the ultimate pursuit of the cosmic world, and at the same time achieves the cause of entering the world with the attitude of being born. In the "Theory of Things", it is also said:

The saint is not engaged in business, does not benefit, does not violate, does not like to seek, does not seek the way, is meaningless, meaningless, and wanders outside the dirt", which reflects the saint's attitude of being born in the world. <

1. The inner and outer parts of the Zhuangzi use two methods to make a dialectical analysis of the sage, which is not contradictory, but a more pertinent explanation.

In the miscellaneous article "Knowing the North Tour", there is "a saint, the beauty of the original heaven and earth and the reason of all things", and "Tianxia" says: "Take the sky as the sect, take the virtue as the foundation, take the Tao as the door, and sign the change, which is called the saint", these are positive affirmations of the saint from the front; In "The Thumb", "the saint died in the world", in "The Horseshoe", "the destruction of morality is benevolence and righteousness, and the fault of the saint is also", and the saint is described as "There are few good people in the world but there are not many good people, then the benefit of the saint is less and the harm to the world is more......The saints do not die, and the thieves do not stop". <

2. The explanation of the dialectical analysis of the sage in the inner and outer chapters of the Zhuangzi

The sage promoted the idea of benevolence and righteousness to guide the people to regulate their words and deeds, and implemented the system of etiquette and music. In Zhuangzi's view, it is a manifestation of immorality, far from the way. It is a promising rule of the world, and the simple folk customs are gradually passing away, and with it is the gradual increase of mercenary villains.

There are fewer and fewer good people in the world, and there are more and more bad people, and the opportunistic, treacherous, and hypocritical people can have good living resources; The weaknesses in human nature are brought into full play because of the theory of benevolence and righteousness, and the opposites in human nature are more distinct. <>

3. Saints are the promoters of the historical process

In the historical environment of the abandonment of the Great Road, the implementation of the idea of benevolence and righteousness is also necessary for the progress of history, and it is the success, residence, and emptiness of things to a certain stage of development.

Summary: The sage in "Zhuangzi" has reached the truth of all things with the beauty of heaven and earth, not only with the spirit of being open-minded and detached, but also with the immortal merit of entering the WTO to achieve his career.

The last paragraph of "Zhuangzi Wandering" is the source of "the supreme man, the god, the man and the saint": If the husband takes the righteousness of heaven and earth, and the argument of the six qis, and the one who travels infinitely, how evil will he be? Therefore, it is said:

There is no self for man, no merit for man and no merit for God, and no name for saints. If he conforms to the nature of all things in heaven and earth, controls the changes of the six qis, and travels in an infinite realm, what else does he rely on? Therefore, it is said that people with the highest cultivation can follow nature and forget themselves, those who have cultivated to the realm of deification and unpredictability have no intention of seeking merit, and those who have moral knowledge have no intention of seeking fame.

Zhuangzi's ultimate pursuit is the sublimation of the human spirit, the absolute freedom without any support, that is, "happy travel". And the "supreme man, god, man, and holy" in his text is actually a person who can achieve the state of "happy travel". In the above analogy, the Kunpeng can ride the wind and travel thousands of miles by the wind, while the Liezi can travel through the air by qi, that is, they are not in an ideal state of "happy travel".

Only those who can achieve "no self, no merit and no name" are the ones who are truly free from the shackles of the existing world. This kind of person has reached the state of "free travel" and has mastered the great wisdom of breaking through the spiritual cage, which is "the supreme god, man and saint".

Zhuangzi believes that there is no essential difference in the meaning of "sage", "god", and "supreme man", and that they all refer to "attainment".Getaway"The people of the realm.

"Reactive" means not pursuing meritorious service. Everything in the world is in different states of the "Tao", what is merit? This is not to abandon the spirit of enterprise, but to achieve it in accordance with the laws of nature.

Conform to the principle of change of all things, and do not violate the "inaction" of nature.

"Nameless" means not pursuing a reputation and demolition. "Nameless" can achieve all things, and all things can be "selfless" and "reactive".

"Selflessness" means selflessness. This "selflessness" does not mean that it does not feel its own existence, but that it recognizes that it is no different from all things, that it is one with nature, and that it does not feel the particularity of "me".

Only those who can achieve "no self, no merit and no name" are the ones who are truly free from the shackles of the existing world. This kind of person has reached the state of "leisurely royal spine travel", and has mastered the wisdom of breaking through the spiritual cage, and is the "supreme god, man and saint".

The state of mind advocated by Zhuangzi:

Zhuangzi's ultimate pursuit is the sublimation of the human spirit, which is absolute freedom without any support, that is, "leisurely travel". And the "supreme gods, men, and saints" in his text are actually people who can achieve the state of "leisurely travel".

In the previous parable, Kunpeng.

can ride the wind and travel thousands of miles, relying on the wind, and Liezi can walk in the air, relying on the qi, that is, they are not yet in an ideal state of "leisurely travel".