Anthracnose is very common in winter melon planting, how to prevent and control anthracnose in winte

Watermelon anthracnose can occur in both the seedling stage and the adult stage of watermelon, and the main watermelon growth period is the heaviest, resulting in dead leaves and fruit rot. When the leaves are damaged, there are small yellow water-stained round spots at the beginning, which slowly expand into brown, concentric ring patterns and small black spots, the spots are easy to perforate, and there are often yellow halos around themIt is dark red mucus when wet. When the vine or petiole is infected with the disease, it begins to soak the yellow-brown oblong spots in water, slightly concave, and later turns black-brown, and after a week of the diseased spots around the stem, the whole plant withers.

Fruit infestation: small dark green water-stained spots appear first, then expand to round lesions, with neat, sunken, dark brown, often cracked. When the humidity is high, a pink sticky substance is produced on the site, and when the disease is severe, the watermelon will rot.

Artificial planting of one acre of land is about 20 yuan. The land rent is about 400 acres per acre. The total cost of one acre of land is only about 700 yuan.

Moreover, in rural areas, land rent can be paid after the winter melon is on the market. Therefore, the start-up capital for planting winter melon is very small. A hundred acres of land with 70,000 or 80,000 start-up capital is enough.

At present, the market is very popular miniature winter melon, but also the growers love the variety, this mini small winter melon has a short growth period, early maturity, drought resistance and heat resistance, in transportation, storage, sales and other aspects compared with the large winter melon has advantages, and the planting efficiency is relatively high.

The most suitable humidity for growth is 25 32, and below 15 can not germinate normally. The minimum temperature for root elongation is 12 and the minimum temperature for root hair occurrence is 16. Winter melon does not have strict requirements for soil conditions, but it is very fertile and deeply clayey loam rich in organic matter.

How to say it, except for wheat, corn and other major grains in the planting industry fluctuate little, how can other crops be stable, there is a year of high and a year of low no one buys. The same is true for planting winter melons, it is difficult to grasp the market, and the prospects are confused.

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Vine blight mainly occurs in the upper part of the ground such as stems and leaves, and does not harm the roots. The stem disease caused the seedlings to die, but the vascular bundles did not change color. The leaves mostly occur from the edge, forming yellow-brown or gray-white V-shaped lesions, which are densely populated with small black spots, which are easy to break after drying.

It can also harm leaves and fruits; The stem vine is damaged, and there will be oily slightly concave, oval or fusiform lesions on the stem base, stem nodes and petioles, which are grayish-white and gradually darkened brown at first, and amber gum exudes from the diseased part, and when the environment is humid, the node stem rots or even breaks.

In late spring and early summer, when the conditions are suitable, the pathogen invades from water holes, stomata, wounds, etc., causing the onset of disease. The pathogen likes warm and high humidity conditions, with a suitable temperature of 20-25 and a relative humidity of more than 80%. Fusarium wilt can harm the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of winter melon.

Leaf disease mostly occurs from the edge of the leaf, with semicircular yellow-brown or light brown lesions, which are generally larger, and many scattered small black spots will appear on the leaves in the later stage.

Generally, the occurrence of diseases in low-lying, field humidity and rainy seasons is more likely to be epidemic, but there is no good agent to control the disease in the onset period, mainly relying on controlling the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse to reduce the occurrence of diseases. Winter melon vine blight, do not be afraid, because solving vascular disease is one of Weifang Aofeng's specialties, winter melon vine blight and cucumber vine blight, watermelon vine blight belong to the same kind of disease, the use of Chinese herbal medicine preparations high safety, good conductivity, nutritional rejuvenation, sterilization and many other advantages.

First of all, we must buy winter melon seeds, the nature of the seeds directly affects the growth of winter melon, disease resistance, yield and quality, etc., in order to prevent cracking, we must choose resistant varieties for planting when choosing seeds, so as to effectively prevent winter melon cracking. Strengthen cultivation management: choose dry and well-drained plots for cultivation, reasonable planting, and apply sufficient base fertilizer.

Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance the growth potential of plants, improve resistance and reduce the incidence of disease.

Pesticides. Because pesticides can be a good way to prevent and improve vine blight, pesticides should be used to prevent and control them.

It is necessary to choose varieties of high-quality and disease-resistant seeds, pay attention to sowing in turns, and timely fertilization and watering.

After the disease is discovered, the use of R. solanacearum 100-150 times, garlic oil 1000 times, wofengsu 600 times spray, and root irrigation 2-3 times can control the spread of the disease; For vascular bundles found to be abnormal (yellowing but not black), wilting for 1-2 days at noon, it can continue to grow and relieve the disease. Chinese herbal preparations can sterilize, nourish and rejuvenate, promote wound healing, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and promote the health of the tree. Chinese herbal medicine has high safety, in the occurrence of diseases, increase the concentration of medication, shorten the frequency of medication, can effectively control the disease, reduce losses, and the product is friendly with crops, no resistance, multiple use, the effect is cumulative.

To prevent and control winter melon charcoal and disease, Bordeaux liquid can be used.

Bordeaux liquor is an inorganic copper bactericide. It is a sky blue gelatinous suspension formulated from about 500 grams of copper sulfate, 500 grams of hydrated lime and 50 kilograms of water. The ingredient ratio can be appropriately increased or decreased as needed.

It is generally alkaline and has good adhesion properties, but it is suitable to be used for a long time or made of dehydrated Bordeaux powder, and then mixed with water when used.

The solution is a protective bactericide, which inhibits the spore germination or hyphal growth of pathogenic bacteria by releasing soluble copper ions. Under acidic conditions, when a large amount of copper ions are released, it can also coagulate the cell protoplasm of pathogenic bacteria and play a sterilizing role. In the case of high relative humidity and dew or water film on the leaf surface, the efficacy is better, but it is easy to cause pesticide damage to plants with poor copper tolerance.

It has a long effective period, and is widely used to prevent and control a variety of diseases such as vegetables, fruit trees, cotton, hemp, etc., and has a particularly good effect on downy mildew, charcoal disease, potato late blight and other leaf diseases.

Bordeaux liquor is a protective biocide. The active ingredient is basic copper sulfate, which can effectively prevent the germination of spores, prevent the infection of pathogens, and can promote the leaf color to be dark green, grow robustly, and improve the disease resistance of the tree. The preparation has the characteristics of wide bacteriological spectrum, long duration of effect, no resistance to pathogens, low toxicity to humans and animals, etc., and is a fungicide with the longest application history.

Bordeaux liquid itself does not have a bactericidal effect, and when it is sprayed on the surface of the plant, it is adsorbed on the surface of the crop due to its adhesive properties. In the process of metabolism, plants will secrete acidic liquid, coupled with the acidic substances secreted by bacteria when invading plant cells, so that a small amount of basic copper sulfate in Bordeaux solution is converted into soluble copper sulfate, thereby producing a small amount of copper ions (Cu2+), Cu2+ enters the bacterial cells, so that the proteins in the cells coagulate. At the same time, Cu2+ can also destroy a certain enzyme in its cells, so that the metabolism in the bacterial body cannot be carried out normally.

Under the influence of these two effects, the bacteria can die.

Prevention and control objects. To prevent and control early apple defoliation, charcoal disease, and ring pattern disease, you can start spraying lime multiplier Bordeaux solution 200 to 240 times after apple flowering, spray once every half month, and alternately use it with other fungicides, a total of 3 to 4 times. To prevent and control apple rot disease (ring pattern disease, charcoal and disease), you can spray lime double or multi-amount Bordeaux liquid 200 times 10 to 15 days before the appearance of diseased fruit in previous years, spray 1 time every 15 to 20 days, spray 3 to 4 times, and stop using 25 days before fruit picking.

To prevent and control apple mildew heart disease, 200 times of lime multiple-type Bordeaux solution should be sprayed at the beginning of the apple budding period. To prevent and control apple and pear rust, you can spray 160 times of lime equivalent Bordeaux liquid on the juniper cypress around the apple orchard. To prevent and control grape black and disease, charcoal and disease, downy mildew, you can spray a small amount of lime Bordeaux liquid 160 times, spray once every 12 to 15 days, a total of 2 to 4 times.

After the rainy season, Bordeaux juice is used to control grape diseases.

How to control winter melon. Charcoal. Gangrene? 1 Field operations.

Disease and insect control, vine binding and harvesting should be carried out after the dew has dried to reduce the spread of human transmission, and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve plant disease resistance.

2 Seed treatmentSoak seeds in 500 times of 50% ammonium dyscete for 1 hour, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times for 30 minutes, rinse with water and then germinate.

3 Early onsetSpray 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 700 times liquid + new high lipid film + 70% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times liquid, 50% benmonyl wettable powder 1500 times liquid + 80% anthrax Fumei wettable powder (Fumeishuang Fumei zinc) 800 times liquid, 2% pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic aqueous solution 200 times liquid, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid + 65% zeb zeb wettable powder 500 times liquid, 50% iprodione wettable powder 800 times liquid + 70% liquid Mancozeb wettable powder Vitex 600 times, 50% prochloraz manganese salt wettable powder 1000 times, 25% prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times + 70% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times, 50% prochloraz manganese salt wettable powder 1500 times + new high lipid film + 70% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times, 25% bromonipyr wettable powder 500 times + 70% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times, every 7-10 days 1 time, 4-5 times continuous treatment.

First of all, when planting, we must choose the soil is more fertile and wide land, and we must use farmhouse fertilizer when fertilizing, do not use fertilizer bought outside, and also often water the plants, but also often prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, if there is a situation of small insects, then we must spray insecticides in time.

You can spray some pesticides, you can also water more, turn the soil frequently, and prune off some diseased leaves, which can play a role in prevention and control.

It is necessary to use a specific drug, which is diluted and sprayed on the seedlings of winter melon, which can prevent winter melon anthracnose.

The prevention and control measures for winter melon anthracnose are as follows:

1. Agricultural control

Seed selection: In the selection of winter melon seeds, it is necessary to carefully select and select seeds with strong disease resistance. It is best to choose seeds with good quality, white and shiny surface, full and defective seeds, and do not choose old and moth-eaten seeds with not full fruits.

Soil: In terms of planting soil, it is necessary to choose a crop rotation with non-melon crops for more than 3 years. Before the winter melon is planted, the soil needs to be deeply ploughed and turned, and the soil should be exposed to the sun for a few days to eliminate germs and insect eggs in the soil.

It is best to choose sandy loam or clay soil with deep soil layer and strong water and fertilizer retention ability. Do a good job of draining each ditch, widen the ditch, extend the ditch, prevent heavy rain from causing water accumulation to affect the normal respiration of roots, and prevent pests and diseases from spreading a large amount with the help of accumulated rainwater.

Strengthen field management: prune the denser plants, and prune the overlapping branches and leaves, withered branches and leaves, rotten branches and leaves, and long branches and leaves. Remove rotten flowers, rotten fruits, excess flowers, and excess fruits.

In particular, the branches, leaves, vines, and fruits that have already been diseased should be treated, and they should be taken to a farther place for destruction, so as to prevent and control the contamination of healthy plants and fruits by pathogens.

Reasonable fertilization: The correct fertilization method and the right fertilizer can enhance the resistance of the plant itself to diseases and reduce the morbidity. In the fertilizer applied, it is necessary to ensure the comprehensiveness of nutrients such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and calcium fertilizer.

In the early stage of plant development, nitrogen fertilizer should be emphasized, and nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced and medium and trace element fertilizers such as phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and calcium fertilizer should be increased at the flowering and fruit-setting stage.

2. Chemical control:

Seed disinfection: In order to prevent the occurrence of anthrax pathogens from the foundation, it is necessary to do a good job of disinfection of seeds before planting. Soak carbendazim for disinfection for 1 hour, rinse with water several times after soaking in medicinal solution, and then soak it in clean water for 12 to 14 hours before germination.

Or soak it in 100 times of glacial acetic acid for 30 minutes, and then rinse it with water several times before germination.

In the early stage of the onset of winter melon anthracnose, drug prevention and treatment can be carried out. You can choose 3-5 drugs to spray in turns to avoid the development of antimicrobial resistance, and spray once every other week for 3-5 sprays. The spraying time period should avoid the high temperature and rainy weather at noon, and can be done from 8 am to 10 am in the morning when the weather is clear, or it can be done at 4 pm to 5 pm.

The following drugs can be sprayed for prevention and control: 80% anthrax Fumei wettable powder 800 times, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, 65% zeb wettable powder 500 700 times, 2% pesticide 120 water solution 200 times, 25% bromochlor wettable powder 500 times, 3 times in a row, each time with an interval of 7 days. Greenhouse temperature cultivation, in the early stage of the disease, use 50 grams of 45% chlorothalonil fumes per mu, smoke control, smoke once every 9 11 days, or in the evening, spray 1 kg of methamphetanine ultrafine dust agent or 8% gram of anthrax dust agent per mu.