What were the main factors that caused the Song army s defeat of the Liao army in the Battle of Manc

In 1005, the Song Liaozhou Peace Treaty was called the "Lanyuan Alliance".

1. Liao and Song Dynasty are the country of brothers, Liao Shengzong is young, and Song Zhenzong is called a brother, and later generations still talk about the world.

2. With the Baigou River as the national border, the two sides withdrew their troops. (Liao returned Song Suicheng and Ying and Mo Erzhou.) After that, if there are thieves who have crossed the border, they shall not stop from each other. The border cities of the two dynasties, everything is as usual, and no city gods are allowed to be built.

3. The Song side provided Liao with 100,000 taels of silver and 200,000 horses of silk every year. Delivery to Xiongzhou.

4. The two sides will set up a field at the border to carry out mutual markets**.

<> "Zhu Shen Xiang sent Ge Liang six out of Qishan.

The truth about Zhuge Liang's six out of Qishan: Why did Zhuge Liang only go out of Qishan?

At this time, Wei Yan made a rather bold suggestion: he took 5,000 elite soldiers to cross the Qinling Mountains and leave the Meridian Valley, and arrived in Chang'an in 10 days. If Chang'an can be conquered, then the Guanzhong region can be pacified in one fell swoop.

The Chang'an guard will rely on the nepotism of his father Xiahou Yuan and Cao Cao's concubine to climb up Xiahou Mao, who may not have real talent, and if he sneaks up, he will have a chance of success. But can the "successful" takeover of Chang'an be "successful" and defended? First of all, judging from the 40,000 defensive forces in Shu Han Chengdu, the defenders of Chang'an will not be less than 40,000 with the national strength of Wei.

Then even if you sneak attack, with 5,000 soldiers exhausted from a long journey, you can sneak up to 8 times your own strength with strong defenses. What are the odds of success? Even if Chang'an is conquered, Wei will immediately mobilize troops to counter-encircle Chang'an, and if the inside and outside are combined, the 5,000 soldiers may be wiped out.

In other words, when the military strength is not superior (but it is too outrageous), in fact, the comprehensive strength of the two countries is too different, Wei Yan's plan has almost no chance of success. And Zhuge Liang's plan was for the army to leave Longyou and march along Qishan.

Everyone should note that his goal is not to take Chang'an directly, but to take Xiliang first, and then turn back to Chang'an. The feasibility of this plan has four points: first, the terrain is more complex, which is convenient for covert marching; Second, Xiliang was annexed by Cao Cao in his later years.

Weak rule; Third, Ma Chao and Ma Dai's old ruling forces in Xiliang are still in contact with local tyrants; Fourth, the Xiliang soldiers were weak and outnumbered, and they could not resist the attack of Zhuge Liang's army alone, and the Chang'an reinforcements needed to cross the Qishan line to facilitate the interception of Zhuge 's army.

If you take Chang'an first and then take Xiliangxing? The answer is simple: no!

If you attack Chang'an directly, whether you can take Chang'an, a city that is easy to defend and difficult to attack, is a fluke, and the next step will be caught in the middle of Cao Wei's Henan Front Army and Xiliang Front Army. In fact, as long as you pay a little attention, you will find that as early as before and after Liu Bei became emperor, the first target of the Northern Expedition was located in Xiliang.

If it weren't for Xiliang, why did Liu Bei only seal Ma Chao as the pastor of Liangzhou.

And no one else has sealed the rest of the state pastors. After Liu Bei took Xichuan, according to the treaty with Dongwu, he returned Jingzhou, and he relied on the excuse of not returning Jingzhou to return Jingzhou after taking Liangzhou, which confirmed that the general plan to take the Central Plains was to take Xiliang first, then attack Chang'an, and then go out of Tongguan to take the Central Plains. Zhuge Liang's six out of Qishan after that, the goal is probably like this.

He was just carrying out Liu Bei's plan.

<> "How to view the war between the Liao and Song dynasties and the Song and Jin dynasties.

In terms of blood, the northeasterners had a large Han population at the end of the Qing Dynasty, from Hebei and Shandong through the Kanto to the northeast. The next step is simple. The Liao, Jurchen, and Jin Song were all foreign invaders. The entry of the Qing Dynasty was also an invasion of foreigners!

The breakthrough of the Kwantung region at the end of the Qing Dynasty should be said to be the expansion of the territory for the Han people, while Sun Yat-sen's eighteen provinces of the Han region were the policy of abandoning the northeast. A bit of a smart Northeast person, the Northeast woman really hangs the southern circle to erect the provinces. Of course, the premise is not to say that the Northeast people are Jurchens and Khitans.

There is also a short and nervous trend, the reason why the north is not as good as the southerners' resistance is because the north is generous and the south is the main peace, and the Han Dynasty has been protecting itself from the Xiongnu for several generations. After the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty, it continued to fight with the Liao State, and there was money and Mongolia, all of which were actively fighting in the north. The northerners take care of the land and serve the country, just like eating and drinking, and they are very familiar.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, a family and a surname defend a mountain, each guarding a city, it is a plate of scattered sand, not in the first line, most afraid of their own loss of troops, a place of war, but the two adjacent places have strengthened their defense, never bring troops to reinforce, the style of immovable mountains is very steady, Mongolia in the Southern Song Dynasty, although the confrontation is long, in fact, Mongolia slowly encroached, a city for a year of peace.

The question is wrong, when the Song Taizu era was busy destroying the separatist regime in the south (the Nine Kingdoms), he did not launch any attack on the Liao State in the north. On the contrary, during the period of Song Taizu, Song and Liao have always maintained a peaceful situation, and there was no war between the two sides.

Song Taizu determined the strategic policy of unifying the south first and then the north, from easy to rare. However, after he eliminated the various separatist dynasties in the south, he died suddenly before he could turn the spearhead to the north (the last of the ten kingdoms attached to the Khitan: the Northern Han).

Throughout his life, he did not have a direct conflict with Liao.

Even the Northern Han Dynasty was wiped out by Zhao Guangyi, Taizong of the Song Dynasty. Later, it was Song Taizong who hijacked the victory of the Northern Han Dynasty and hurriedly launched a northern expedition against Liao in an attempt to recover Yanyun in one fell swoop.

The Song-Liao War generally refers to a series of long-term wars between the Song and Liao dynasties since the Northern Expedition of the Song Dynasty in 979 and finally the conclusion of the Lanyuan Alliance in 1004. In the end, the Song and Liao sides agreed to be brothers, ending the 25-year Song-Liao War. A hundred years later, the Jin Dynasty was established, and Song Huizong and Jin Taizu entered into a maritime alliance, and in 1122, they sent Tong Guan, Chongshi Dao, and Liu Yanqing to lead an army to join forces with the Jin Dynasty to attack Nanjing of Liao, but they were unsuccessful.

In the second year of Qiande, the Song Dynasty attacked Liaozhou in the Northern Han Dynasty, and Liao sent Yelu Tart Lie to lead an army of 60,000 to help, which was the first large-scale battle between Song and Liao. In the first year of Kaibao, the Song Dynasty attacked the Northern Han Dynasty again, besieged Taiyuan, and Liao sent troops to aid the Northern Han Dynasty, which was repelled by the Song army. Until the end of Kaibao, not only did it fail to destroy the Northern Han Dynasty, but it caused conflicts between Song and Liao, and the contradictions deepened.