What are the advantages and applications of soilless culture and the principles of nutrient solution

Soilless culture, or nutrient hydroponics, refers to the method of cultivating plants with a culture solution (nutrient solution) instead of soil. There are many types and cultivation methods, which can be roughly divided into two categories: one is non-solid substrate culture that does not use solid substrate to fix the roots, and the other is solid substrate culture that uses solid substrate to fix the roots.

Because it does not use soil, it is a major breakthrough in technology, and it has been popularized and applied in many countries in the world with its unique superiority and practicability.

1. Factory agricultural production.

In the 21st century, with the rapid development of science and technology, a scientific ideal agriculture ——— plant factory has been reflected in people's minds. The production technology of soilless cultivation is to use equipment and engineering technology to cultivate plants, coupled with the characteristics of factory production, which fully shows that agriculture can be like industrial production, to achieve mechanized and automated production of crops, so people call soilless cultivation technology "press button" agriculture. In plant factories, the environmental conditions related to the growth and development of crops are supplied to the control system by artificial devices (greenhouses, culture media, nutrient solutions, light and heat, etc.).

2. Production is not limited by regional, soil and other conditions.

Traditional agriculture uses land as the basic means of production. With the increase in population and the urbanization of people's lives, agricultural land is decreasing, which requires the development of agriculture that does not use soil and does not carry out soil cultivation. Soilless cultivation can be used to grow crops in places that are not suitable for cultivation such as sand and gravel, barren land, and plants can be planted in balconies, window sills, corridors, roofs and other idle places in homes and offices.

3. It can improve the utilization rate of crops for water and fertilizer.

From the perspective of the use of water and fertilizer, most of the water used for soil cultivation and field irrigation has been evaporated, lost and leaked, and only a small part is absorbed and utilized by plants. The nutrients required by crops are mainly absorbed by the root system from the soil solution, and the organic and inorganic nutrients in the soil must be decomposed into simple soluble compounds through the action of microorganisms and other actions, and dissolved in soil water before they can be absorbed and utilized by crops.

High yield, good quality and less pollution.

The composition principles of the nutrient solution for soilless culture are briefly described as follows:

First, the formula must contain all the nutrients needed for the growth of vegetables, namely nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, turn, magnesium, sulfur, iron, meng, zinc, copper, molybdenum, boron, chlorine, of which nitrogen, pity, potassium, trans, magnesium, sulfur are a large number of elements, the demand for plants is large, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, boron, chlorine are trace elements, and the demand for plants is relatively small.

Second, the various compounds in the nutrient solution must be in a form that can be effectively absorbed by the roots of the plant. Organic fertilizer that cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by plants should not be used as a source of nutrient liquid fertilizer. Nutrient compounds are usually water-soluble salts or organic chelates, which are soluble in water and converted into an ionic state that can be absorbed by the root system for plant growth.

Introduction of nutrient solution:

Nutrient solution is a new type of nutrient solution synthesized by biological fermentation, chemical chelation, physical activation and other processes using environmental bioecological symbiosis technology and mycorrhizal symbiosis principle. Nutrient solution is the key to soilless culture, and different crops require different nutrient solution formulations. There are many formulations published around the world, but they are much the same, because the original recipe was based on the chemical composition analysis of the soil extractate.

The biggest difference in the nutrient solution formula is the ratio of nitrogen trembling sail and potassium.

The plant nutrient solution is generally a multi-compound nutrient, watery, the concentration is not as high as that of solid fertilizer, and there are few impurities, which is easy for plants to absorb. The nutrient solution is generally used every 7 to 10 days, with 3 to 5 drops each time, so it is best to dilute it with water in proportion and spray it on the leaves of the branches, caves, and holes, which is more conducive to the absorption of nutrients by plants.

The nutrient solution of soilless culture is mainly composed of water and () and auxiliary substances.

Correct Answer: Nutrient elements.

Answer] :(1) Management of nutrient solution formula: The absorption of inorganic elements by crops varies according to the type of crop and the growth stage, and should be managed according to the type, variety, growth stage and cultivation season of the crop.

2) Nutrient solution concentration managementThe management of nutrient solution concentration directly affects the yield and quality of crops, and the change of nutrient solution concentration should be checked frequently with conductivity meter, but the conductivity can only measure the sum of ions of each model of nutrient solution, and the respective content of various yuan lucin can not be measured.

3) The pH value of the nutrient solution should be maintained in the optimal pH range, especially for hydroponics, which has stricter requirements for the pH value. This is because all kinds of fertilizer components are dissolved in the nutrient solution in an ionic state, and the pH value will directly affect the solubility of various fertilizers, thus affecting the absorption of crops. Especially in the case of alkaline, it will directly affect the absorption of metal ions and cause physiological diseases of nutrient deficiency.

4) Management of cultivation temperature: The so-called cultivation temperature is the temperature around the root circle (substrate or nutrient solution). Cultivation temperature, like air temperature, is also one of the important environmental factors affecting crop growth.

The cultivation temperature not only directly affects the growth of roots and the physiological function of roots, but also affects the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution and the reproduction rate of pathogens.

5) The management of liquid supply methods and the number of liquid supply methods of soilless cultivation has two kinds of continuous liquid supply and intermittent liquid supply, and intermittent liquid supply is usually used in substrate cultivation or rock wool culture. Feed 1-3 times a day, 5-10min each time, and the number of times to be supplied should be decided according to the season, weather, seedling age, and growth period.

Hydroponics has both intermittent and continuous liquid supply. Intermittent liquid supply is generally once every 2 hours, 15-30min each time; Continuous liquid supply is generally continuous during the day and stops at night.

6) The replenishment and renewal of nutrient solution has the problem of replenishment and renewal of nutrient solution in the circulating liquid supply mode.

7) Disinfection of nutrient solutionSome germs in the aboveground will be transmitted through air, water, and the devices and appliances used, especially in the case of the recycling of nutrient solution, the used nutrient solution needs to be disinfected. In foreign countries, the most commonly used method of nutrient solution disinfection is high-temperature heat treatment, with a treatment temperature of 90, but disinfection equipment is required; There are also cases of disinfection with ultraviolet radiation, ozone and ultrasonic treatment.

Soilless culture, also known as hydroponics or aerosol culture, is a method of growing plants without traditional soil. It uses water or other media to provide the nutrients needed for the coarse crop. Here are some of the advantages of soilless culture:

2.Water saving: Soilless cultivation uses a recirculating system, which can reduce water waste. The nutrient solution is recycled in the system, and the plants reduce their water consumption by absorbing the water and nutrients they need.

3.Nutrient control: In soilless culture, the nutrients required by the plants can be precisely controlled. The various elements in the nutrient solution can be adjusted according to the growth needs of the plant to provide an optimal growing environment.

4.Reduced pests and diseases: Soilless cultivation can reduce soil-borne pests and diseases. Due to the absence of soil, certain common pathogens and pests cannot invade plant roots, reducing the risk of infection to plants.

5.Increased yield and growth rate: Soilless cultivation can provide the nutrients and water that plants need, making them easier to absorb. This helps to promote growth and development, which increases the yield and growth rate of the plant.

Despite these advantages, soilless culture also requires some special techniques and equipment to maintain a suitable growing environment. Regular monitoring of nutrient concentrations, pH and temperature, as well as the provision of appropriate light, are all key elements of successful soilless culture.

The formula of the nutrient solution is best used to choose the formula specific to the crops to be grown. If a special formula cannot be found, it can be formulated with the formula of Hoagland's nutrient solution. The preparation of the nutrient solution should be carried out according to the following method:

1) Among the many salts in the nutrient solution, calcium nitrate is the easiest to combine with other salts, such as calcium nitrate and potassium sulfate meet, it is easy to produce calcium sulfate precipitation, calcium nitrate and phosphate meet, and calcium phosphate is also easy to produce calcium phosphate precipitation. Therefore, when preparing the nutrient solution, calcium nitrate should be dissolved in a separate container and diluted before it can be mixed with other salts. (2) Other macroelements and trace elements other than calcium nitrate can be mixed and dissolved in one container.

3) In large-scale production, in order to facilitate preparation and automatically adjust the nutrient solution in hydroponics, the concentrated liquid (mother liquor) is generally prepared first, and then diluted. The ratio of concentrated liquid to diluted solution is 1 100. (4) In order to adjust the pH range of the nutrient solution, it is necessary to have a special container for holding acid.

The acid solution is generally diluted to a concentration of 10%, and its composition is nitric acid and phosphoric acid. Due to the injection of nitric acid and phosphoric acid into the nutrient solution, part of the nitrogen in the nutrient solution is supplied by nitric acid, and the phosphorus in the nutrient solution is mainly supplied by phosphoric acid, and phosphorus fertilizer is generally not put separately. (5) The water used to prepare the nutrient solution is divided into hard water and soft water, the so-called hard water and soft water, generally divided by the amount of calcium in the water, at present, the calcium content of more than 90 100ppm is called hard water, and less than 90ppm is called soft water.

In addition to the low content of calcium, the content of magnesium and other salts in soft water is also low. Because of this, the dosage of various salts and acids in the formulation of nutrient solutions in hard water areas and soft water areas should be different. When preparing the nutrient solution in the soft water area, the amount of calcium nitrate should be increased to make the calcium concentration reach more than 120 ppm, and the concentration of carbonate in the soft water should also be low, and the amount of acid should be reduced accordingly.

Give it the inorganic and organic components it needs for growth, water, air and light. Because the roots also require aerobic respiration to aid in material transport, proper oxygen supply to the roots is required. During the cultivation process, the content of inorganic salts in the culture medium should be adjusted according to the state of the plant.

I'm not a professional flower grower

There are many formulations of nutrient solutions for soilless culture, which vary depending on the plant species, growing season and cultivation area. The main nutrients and quantities in the nutrient solution are generally 100-25 oppm of nitrogen, 50-1 ooppm of phosphorus, 150-4 ooppm of potassium, 200-300 ppm of calcium and 50-70ppm of magnesium.

The requirements of various plants for nutrients are different: such as spinach, cabbage, liba and other leafy vegetables, to increase the amount of nitrogen; Fruits, tubers and roots, such as cucumbers, pumpkins and potatoes, should be increased with phosphorus. In the later stages of growth, nitrogen should be reduced and phosphorus should be increased.

In areas with high temperatures and sunny conditions, reduce potassium**. In addition, certain changes will be made depending on the water quality. If the content of calcium and magnesium ions in the water is high, it is necessary to reduce the ** of calcium and magnesium.

The solution can be prepared using well water, river water, spring water, tap water, fertilizers, etcOthers: such as spinach, cabbage, lettuce and other leafy vegetables, to increase the amount of nitrogen;

Not only to be matched, but also to manage

1. Water for nutrient solution Natural rainwater is the safest source of water. Well water mostly contains chlorine, calcium, iron, magnesium and trace elements such as zinc, copper, molybdenum, etc., and the element content in the water must be analyzed in advance to determine the appropriate increase or decrease in the preparation of nutrient solution. When using tap water and river water, fertility disorders are often caused by residual chlorine and mixed with herbicides.

In particular, tap water is not dechlorinated, and residual chlorine will cause vegetable root rot. When the salt content of nutrient solutions such as river water, well water and tap water is excessive, it can be removed by distillation, ion exchange, electrodialysis, etc. Rainwater is more economical instead.

2. Preparation of nutrient solution.

In addition to the special fertilizer for soilless cultivation, a single fertilizer and mixed fertilizer suitable for water quality are also used in various places, but the calculation, preparation and adjustment of fertilizer dosage are more complex and prone to some problems.

1.The fertilizer measuring instrument is not calibrated or corrected incorrectly, resulting in the concentration and composition of the prepared mother liquor being different from the original design; The fertilizer is dissolved in the wrong order and cannot be fully dissolved; The difference between the element representation and the oxide representation of fertilizer is ignored, resulting in the wrong preparation of nutrient solution.

2.Ordinary fertilizer is used, the purity is too low, and precipitation occurs when the stock solution is prepared; Samples were taken from near the water inlet, resulting in low analysis results. Due to the time required from sampling to analysis of results, it is difficult to adjust fertilizer composition and concentration in a timely manner.

3.The omission of trace elements caused trace element deficiency in all plants, resulting in yellowing of stems and leaves.

Can I prepare my own nutrient solution for soilless culture? How to match? Listen to what Mr. Wang has to say.

To prepare the nutrient solution for soil cultivation, you must first know that the nutrients required by the plant must contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, atmosphere, etc., but the deployment is more troublesome, according to different plants can be prepared different nutrient solutions, but I suggest that you buy it instead!