What are the types of substrateless cultivation and the classification of soilless culture

The cultivation medium mainly plays the role of fixing the plant, maintaining water, storing nutrients, and increasing air content. There are many substrates to choose from for soilless foliage plants, and the common substrates are: perlite, vermiculite, ceramsite, peat, sawdust, polystyrene foam, pumice, fiberglass, rock wool, cotton skin, bagasse, etc.

The most commonly used is ceramsite, which has a certain specific gravity and has a better effect on fixed plants. Vermiculite is a mica mineral with good water retention and buffering, and contains a small amount of minerals needed for flowers. Rock wool is a kind of soilless substrate emerging in foreign countries, which has the advantages of small specific gravity, clean and beautiful, and is also commonly used in the design of roof gardens.

Commonly used soilless culture substrates are:

Sand culture. Sand grains with a diameter of less than 3 mm are used as the substrate, and the nutrient solution is generally drip rolled into the sand for flowers to absorb.

Gravel Pei. Natural gravel, pumice, volcanic rock, etc. with a diameter of more than 3 mm are used as substrates.

Vermiculite. Vermiculite is a mica mineral with good buffering, insoluble in water, and contains magnesium and potassium that can be used by flowers.

Perlite. It is a siliceous substance, mainly used for seed germination, and it is better to mix it with mudstone and sand.

Peat. It has good air permeability and high water holding capacity, and can be used as a substrate alone, or mixed with slag.

In addition, slag, bricks, charcoal, asbestos, sawdust, fern roots, bark, etc. can be used as substrates, but they need to be washed and disinfected before use.

There are many types and methods of soilless culture, so that it is difficult to classify them in detail, and can only be divided into two categories: substrateless cultivation and substrate cultivation according to their fixed methods.

a) Substrate-free cultivation.

Substrate-free cultivation is characterized by the fact that cultivated crops do not have a substrate that fixes the root system, and the root system is in direct contact with the nutrient solution. Substrateless cultivation is further divided into two types: hydroponics and aeroponics.

1. Hydroponics: Hydroponics refers to the cultivation method that does not fix the root system with the help of substrate, so that the plant roots are in direct contact with the nutrient solution. It mainly includes deep liquid hydroponics, nutrient liquid film cultivation and floating plate capillary cultivation.

1) Deep liquid flow cultivation technology: the nutrient solution layer is deep, the root system is stretched in the deeper liquid layer, and each plant occupies a large amount of liquid, so the nutrient solution concentration, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature and water storage are not easy to change sharply, providing a more stable growth environment for the root system.

2) Nutrient solution film technology: It is a hydroponic method that plants are planted in a shallow flowing nutrient solution. Due to the shallow liquid layer, part of the crop root system is immersed in the shallow flow of nutrient solution, and the other part is exposed to the moisture in the planting trough, which can better solve the problem of root aerobic, but due to the small amount of liquid, it is susceptible to the influence of ambient temperature, and requires fine management.

3) Floating plate capillary cultivation technology: the root splitting technology with floating plate wet felt in the cultivation bed is used to create an oxygen-rich environment for cultivating wet air roots and solve the contradiction between water and gas. The use of a long horizontal cultivation bed to store a large amount of nutrient solution effectively overcomes the shortcomings of NFT, the rhizosphere environmental conditions of crops are stable, the liquid temperature change is small, and the supply of nutrient solution is not afraid of being affected by temporary power failure.

2. Aeroponics: Aeroponics, also known as aeroponics or aeroponics, is a soilless cultivation technology that uses the filtered nutrient solution to atomize the nutrient solution into fine droplets through the atomization spray device under the action of pressure, and sprays it directly to the plant roots to provide the water and nutrients needed for plant growth. Aeroponics is the best form of water and gas contradiction in the root system in all soilless cultivation techniques, which can double the crop yield, and is also easy to automatically control and carry out three-dimensional cultivation, and improve the utilization rate of greenhouse space.

However, it has extremely high requirements for the device, which greatly limits its popularization and utilization.

b) Substrate cultivation.

Substrate culture is characterized by substrate fixation in the roots of cultivated crops. It is to fix the root system of crops in organic or inorganic substrates, organic substrates include peat, rice husks, bark, etc., inorganic such as vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, ceramsite, gravel, sponge soil, etc. can be used as a support medium to supply crop nutrient solution through drip irrigation or trickle irrigation. In most cases, substrate cultivation is coordinated with water, fertilizer and gas, with sufficient equipment investment, which is convenient for local materials and excellent and stable production performance; The disadvantage is that the substrate volume is large, and the residual root treatment during filling, disinfection and reuse is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is more difficult.

There are many classifications of hydroponics, which are roughly divided into three categories.

Grass charcoal, pottery, rice husks, rock wool, perlite, etc., are used to make a substrate by mixing them in proportion.

If you need to put in some grass, you need to put in some rice husks, you can put in some peaches, you can put in some cotton, you can put in some spider rock and vermiculite.

Sawdust, rice husks, sand, pottery, rock wool, perlite, these are all things in a better configuration.

Hello, dear, characteristics of inorganic substrate cultivation: 1Increase yield, promote high quality, and isolate traditional soil pests, diseases and bacterial microbial contamination2

It greatly expands the scope of flower planting, and can also do high value-added crop production in areas that are not suitable for agriculture such as saline-alkali land and barren slope land3Save fertilizer and water, save time and effort, improve efficiency, with the application of advanced equipment such as sprinkler irrigation, water and fertilizer integrated machine, tidal seedbed, etc., which makes soilless cultivation of flowers more convenient and concise, time-saving and labor-saving 4Clean and hygienic, no weeds, less pests and diseases, not limited by soil quality, and can avoid soil continuous cropping obstacles; Non-stop production throughout the year, improve the production cycle range and increase income by 5

The cultivation process is highly controllable, which is conducive to the modernization and mechanization of cultivation technology Inorganic substrate: Sand is a commonly used substrate in soilless culture. The water content of sand is constant, does not retain water and fertilizer, but has good air permeability, and can provide a certain amount of potassium fertilizer, which is convenient to take materials, safe and hygienic, but heavier.

Rock wool: rock wool bulk density light, porosity, strong water-holding capacity, physical properties are very suitable, and chemical properties are stable, pressing and forming at high temperatures, as a substrate occupies a major position in the world, but due to the high quality of domestic rock wool, the management is difficult, so it has not been promoted. Vermiculite vermiculite is a mineral with very small particles, forged at high temperature, composed of many parallel flakes, which can retain water between the sheets, and the porosity is large, resulting in the characteristics of light dry bulk density and very large wet bulk density; It has good buffering, and can decompose part of the nutrients for plants to absorb, without toxic substances.

Summary. Kissing, there are the following characteristics: 1It has good water and fertilizer retention performance2Good cushioning 3Bulk density 4Good breathability.

Kissing, there are the following characteristics: 1It has good water and fertilizer retention performance2Good cushioning 3Bulk density 4Good breathability.

Briefly describe the significance of developing horticulture.

Meaning of Affinity to Promote Agricultural DevelopmentHorticulture is an important part of agriculture, and its application technology and skills are changing with each passing day, and some excellent horticultural varieties that can improve the ecological environment are widely used in landscaping, landscape building, and ecological isolation zone (defense against natural disasters), which promotes the further development of modern agriculture [1]. The horticultural industry occupies an important position in agriculture abroad, and horticultural products are more competitive in the world, driving China's agriculture to go further and further in the world. At present, the per capita income of rural areas and the development of agricultural economy have higher goals.

Horticultural products have a wide range of uses and high efficiency, which can effectively increase farmers' income and accelerate rural economic development; The horticultural industry can provide more jobs in rural areas, so that more young and middle-aged people can stay in rural areas, prevent the loss of rural population, and develop the rural economy.

Adding color to lifeGardening is not only an industry, but also an art. Landscape horticulture is the artistic representative of the horticultural industry. In horticultural fairs around the world, horticulturists use their superb skills to make flowers bright and bonsai delicate and lovely, which makes visitors happy.

The green belts of plants around the city are also the work of the horticultural industry, and with the "green" of these cities, pedestrians can feel the charm of the city on the way, so that they can enjoy the coolness of the green shade under the scorching sun.

Summary. Soilless cultivation refers to the cultivation method of using water, peat, forest humus, vermiculite and other media as the substrate of the plant root system to fix the plant, and the plant root system can directly contact the nutrient solution.

Soilless cultivation refers to the cultivation method of using water, peat, forest humus, vermiculite and other media as the substrate of the plant root system to fix the plant, and the plant root system can directly contact the nutrient solution.

As long as there is a certain amount of fresh water**, it can be done. Soilless culture is divided into hydroponics, aeroponics and substrate cultivation according to the different cultivation media.

The hydroponic method of nutrient solution film method is often used, even if a very thin layer of nutrient solution is continuously circulated through the root system of crops, which not only ensures the continuous supply of crop water and nutrients, but also continuously supplies fresh oxygen to the roots.

What is Matrix.

Organic substrates fermented by natural plants such as conifers, broad-leaved trees, and sawdust, and inorganic substrates such as sand and perlite are used to fix plant roots.

The size of the mineral particles of some rocks is very different, and the large particles are scattered among the fine particles, and the large mineral particles are called porphyries in geology, and the small ones are called the matrix (

The substrates used for soilless cultivation are vermiculite, perlite, peat, water, and rock wool.

1. Leech oak sedan stone.

Vermiculite is a mineral that expands when exposed to high temperatures. Vermiculite is light, porous, good air permeability, good water absorption, has a certain water retention capacity, and contains magnesium, potassium and other elements that can be absorbed and utilized by flowers. Liang is reckless.

2. Perlite.

Perlite is a mineral formed by silicon-aluminum volcanic rock, the shape is similar to a white pearl-like sphere, with a water content of 2 -5, this mineral has the advantages of beauty, strong water absorption, light texture and good aeration, and can be used continuously.

3. Grassy peat. Grass is the product of the development process of the swamp, and the substrate material of potted flower cultivation is 30% to 70% "grass", mixed with an appropriate amount of vermiculite, perlite and other materials (orchids, rhododendrons, junzi orchids and other flowers can be directly cultivated with 100% "grassy").

4. Water. The quality of water directly affects the success or failure of soilless culture, so it is necessary to use clean water as the substrate, and it is not appropriate to use alkaline water, let alone oily or polluted water. The advantages of water are that the pH is easy to adjust, the liquid is changed quickly, and the ventilation and drainage performance is good.

5. Rock wool. Rock wool is a mixture of 60% diabase, 20% limestone and 20% coke, with strong water retention, can be made into different sizes of squares when used, the new rock wool pH value is higher, so it must be soaked with water before use, so that the pH value falls to the following before use.