What are the advantages of soilless culture? What are the characteristics of soilless culture

Soilless culture has the following advantages:

1) Soilless cultivation does not use natural soil, does not apply organic fertilizer, has no peculiar smell, does not breed mosquitoes and flies, has no soil-borne diseases, has no underground pests, and has a clean production environment.

2) The output is high, the product quality is also high, so the economic benefits are also high.

3) Labor-saving, time-saving, labor-saving, fast stubble change, no need to plough, land preparation, furrow and weeding. There is no slow seedling stage after planting, and the growth is fast.

4) The soilless cultivation substrate has good aeration, which is conducive to improving the temperature of the substrate, good water and fertilizer retention, sufficient nutrition, and pH.

Stable and suitable, conducive to root growth and development.

5) Soilless cultivation of large-scale production is convenient for the implementation of mechanized operation, factory production and automatic control, which can reduce manual labor.

6) Three-dimensional cultivation can be carried out to improve land utilization.

7) It is convenient to replace the substrate and facilitate the disinfection of the substrate, which is conducive to the prevention of pests and diseases.

8) It can be used for rooftop and bungalow platform, balcony of building, indoor greening; Build an urban sky garden.

or vegetable gardens, which increase the area of arable land and regulate the urban microclimate and improve urban air quality.

Conducive to environmental protection.

9) Wasteland, deserts, barren mountains, beaches, and heavy saline-alkali land can be used.

and soilless cash crops such as polluted mining areas, oil fields, ponds, and water surfaces.

It can turn waste land into fertile land.

10) Water can be saved.

11) Can be used in military such as spaceships.

Aircraft carriers, ocean-going ships, isolated military bases and outposts produce high-quality vegetables.

The so-called soilless cultivation is to completely get rid of the dependence of flowers on the soil, and make nutrient solutions according to various nutrients needed for plant growth and development, which are directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Soilless cultivation can be divided into two types: liquid substrate cultivation and solid substrate cultivation according to the root fixation method. Liquid substrate cultivation is also known as hydroponics, that is, plants are planted in natural water or nutrient solution and fixed with containers; The solid substrate cultivation method is to implant seeds or seedlings into a substrate that absorbs the nutrient solution, and fix the root system with the substrate.

A suitable substrate needs to have four basic functions, namely the ability to fix plants, the ability to retain fertilizer, the ability to retain water and the ability to breathe. And because different flowers have different requirements for cultivation substrates, the appropriate substrate should be selected according to the needs of specific plants when selecting cultivation substrates.

Flower soilless cultivation technology has the following advantages compared with traditional soil cultivation methods:

First, the cultivated flowers are of good quality and the cultivation cycle is short.

Because the artificially prepared nutrient solution can be scientifically regulated according to the characteristics of nutrient requirements in different flower growth periods, which is conducive to the growth and development of flowers.

The second is to save nutrients, water and labor.

50% and 80% of the water and nutrients in the soil are lost, and the plants can only absorb a small part, while the nutrient solution prepared by the soilless cultivation method can be fully absorbed and utilized by the plants, as long as the plants are regularly supplemented with nutrients, the operation is simple, and the time and labor are saved.

Third, it is clean and hygienic, and there are few pests and diseases.

Fourth, it is beautiful. Cultivating flowers with water or other substrates, with a variety of delicate and unique, beautiful utensils, makes roots, stems, leaves, flowers, water, stones, fish, and mountains integrate, which greatly improves the ornamental value and artistic grade of flowers.

The cultivation methods of flowers will be introduced in various flowers, but only one new cultivation method of flowers will be highlighted here - soilless culture.

With the development of industry and the progress of science and technology, soilless cultivation technology has gradually developed, and people continue to try to break the tradition, do not use soil to cultivate plants, but apply some facilities and artificially prepared nutrient solution to cultivate plants, this method is called soilless culture. Nutrient solution is an aqueous solution containing nutrients required for plant growth and development, that is, aqueous solution to cultivate plants, so it is also called hydroponics. Therefore, soilless culture also has many advantages.

First of all, water-saving, soilless cultivation can avoid a large amount of waste of water resources caused by leakage and evaporation of soil cultivation, and only a small amount of water can be used.

The second is fertilization, usually only a small part of the fertilizer applied to the soil is used by plants, while soilless cultivation is to plant plants under closed cycle conditions or in containers, and there is no problem of nutrient loss.

Because soilless cultivation does not use soil, does not use organic fertilizer, all rely on the nutrient solution prepared by inorganic fertilizer to provide nutrition, so soilless cultivation is clean and hygienic, avoids the infection caused by viruses or pests and diseases in the soil, and there are no weeds, thus saving a lot of manpower and material resources.

Soilless cultivation is basically not limited by land conditions, and can be carried out in places with poor ecological conditions or lack of land, which opens up a new way for agricultural production to solve the contradiction of more people and less land.

Because soilless culture is carried out under artificial control conditions, all the nutrients and environmental conditions required for growth can be satisfied, so the growth and development are good, so the flower yield produced by soilless culture is high.

Because of these advantages of soilless culture, this new cultivation technology has attracted more and more attention. However, due to the fact that soilless cultivation requires certain equipment, investment and professional technology, it is not widely used now, and is currently limited to efficient flower production and pollution-free vegetable production experiments. However, this new technology will surely become the development direction of floriculture in the future.

Soilless seedlings are raised without soil, but with non-soil solid materials as substrates, watered with nutrient solution, or without any substrate, and the use of hydroponics or aeroponics for seedling raising, which is called soilless seedling raising. According to whether the substrate is used, it can be divided into substrate seedling and nutrient solution seedling, the former is the use of vermiculite, perlite, rock wool and other substrates and watering nutrient solution seedlings; The latter does not use any matrix and only uses certain supports and nutrient solutions.

The so-called soilless cultivation refers to the cultivation method of using water, peat, forest humus, vermiculite and other media as the substrate of the plant root system to fix the plant, and the plant root system can directly contact the nutrient solution. The composition of the nutrient solution in soilless culture is easy to control and can be adjusted at any time. So what are the advantages of soilless culture?

1. It can improve yield: the various nutrients required by crops in soilless cultivation are artificially formulated into nutrient solution and applied, which can be scientifically advanced according to the type of crop and the different growth stages of the same crop, so the crop growth and development are robust and the growth potential is strong.

2. Clean and hygienic environment: soilless cultivation is applied with inorganic fertilizer, and soil cultivation is applied with organic fertilizer, fertilizer decomposition and fermentation, resulting in odor and pollution of the environment, and will also make the eggs of many pests breed and harm crops, so soilless cultivation does not have these problems.

3. Water-saving, fertilizer-saving, labor-saving: soilless cultivation does not require cultivating, ploughing, hoeing and other operations, which is labor-saving and labor-saving. Watering and topdressing are solved at the same time, and they are regularly and quantitatively supplied by the liquid supply system, which will not cause waste, and the management is very convenient, which greatly reduces the labor intensity.

4. Avoid continuous cropping obstacles: In the field planting management of vegetables, reasonable rotation of land and avoiding continuous stubble are one of the important measures to prevent the serious occurrence and spread of diseases. Soilless culture, especially hydroponics, fundamentally solves this problem.

5. Not limited by soil: soilless cultivation makes crops completely separated from the soil environment, not limited by soil quality and water conservancy conditions, and many deserts, wastelands or areas that are difficult to cultivate on the earth can be used by soilless cultivation methods.

6. Make full use of space: soilless cultivation gets rid of the constraints of the land, so it can be free from space restrictions, and can use the plane roof of the urban building to grow vegetables and flowers, which virtually expands the cultivation area, and can also be produced according to people's will.

The application of soilless culture mode in practice still needs to pay attention to the economy, risk, and technical operability to consider, and cannot simply consider the high and noble, while ignoring the technical operability, planting cost and rate of return. Any noble, high-tech technology is for production services, and it is for profit as a medium-sized, unless it is to create an agricultural sightseeing park.

First, the advantages of soilless culture.

1. Water saving, fertilizer saving, high yield.

The various nutrients required by crops in soilless cultivation are artificially formulated into nutrient solution application, with less water loss, balanced nutrients, high absorption efficiency, and are scientifically advanced nutrients according to the type of crop and the different growth stages of the same crop. Therefore, the crop grows robustly and vigorously, and can give full play to the potential for increasing yield.

2. Clean, hygienic and pollution-free.

Soil cultivation and application of organic fertilizer, fertilizer decomposition and fermentation, produce odor pollution environment, will also make many pests eggs breed, harm crops, and soilless culture is applied inorganic fertilizer, there are no these problems, and can avoid the pollution of heavy metals and other harmful substances in the polluted soil.

3. Labor-saving, easy to manage.

Soilless cultivation does not require cultivating, ploughing, hoeing and other operations, which is labor-saving and labor-saving. Watering and topdressing are solved at the same time, and are regularly and quantitatively supplied by the liquid supply system, which is convenient to manage, will not cause waste, and greatly reduces labor intensity.

4. Avoid continuous cropping obstacles.

In the field planting management of vegetables, reasonable land rotation and avoiding continuous cropping are one of the important measures to prevent the serious occurrence and spread of diseases. Soilless culture, especially hydroponics, can fundamentally solve this problem.

5. Make full use of space without regional restrictions.

Soilless cultivation makes crops completely separated from the soil environment, not limited by soil quality and water conservancy conditions, and many deserts, wastelands or areas that are difficult to cultivate on the earth can be used by soilless cultivation methods. Getting rid of the constraints of land, soilless cultivation can also be free from space limitations, and the use of the flat roofs of abandoned factories and buildings in the city to grow vegetables and flowers has virtually expanded the cultivation area.

6. It is conducive to the realization of agricultural modernization.

Soilless cultivation frees agricultural production from the constraints of the natural environment and can be produced according to human will, so it is a controlled agricultural production method. To a large extent, farming according to quantitative indicators is conducive to the realization of mechanization and automation, so as to gradually move towards an industrialized mode of production.

Second, the main disadvantages of soilless cultivation technology.

1. The investment cost of soilless cultivation technology facilities and equipment is high, and various nutrient solutions need to be applied to irrigate crops.

2. Soilless cultivation technology is used to configure fertilizer for nutrient solution, which costs more than 10,000 hm2 per year.

3. Even if the simple organic ecological soilless cultivation system is adopted, the one-time investment will reach 300,000-45,000 yuan hm2, and the annual fertilizer cost will also be about yuan hm2.

4. The main disadvantages of soilless culture technology are: compared with soil cultivation, the investment is larger, and the operating cost is relatively high; Strict technical requirements; Management is difficult, when management errors are easy to lead to the rapid spread of certain diseases, resulting in serious losses.

Compared with traditional land planting, soilless cultivation technology content is higher, but the corresponding equipment such as greenhouses that need to be built is expensive, the cost of laying the corresponding equipment is higher, and the technical level required is also higher.

In addition, it requires professional and technical personnel to manage, and it is difficult for ordinary small-scale growers to introduce soilless cultivation technology.

Even if it is soilless, you can use water-soluble fertilizer to supplement nutrients.

Soilless culture has the following characteristics:

1. The growth rate of vegetables is fast and the yield is increased.

Soilless cultivation solves the continuous cropping obstacles encountered in soil cultivation, effectively regulates the balance of water, fertilizer and gas, provides various nutrients required for crops, maximizes the growth of crops, and improves the yield compared with traditional soil cultivation.

2. Save water and fertilizer.

Soilless cultivation can be configured according to the different nutrient requirements of crops at different growth stages, and regularly and quantitatively the first nutrient solution, and the closed cultivation groove can avoid the evaporation and loss of the nutrient solution, so it can save nutrients and water resources to a large extent, which is of great significance for water-deficient areas.

3. The product is pollution-free, clean and of high quality.

Because soilless culture does not use natural soil, it will not be polluted by heavy metals, infectious diseases, hormones, waste water, waste gas, less diseases, no pesticides, clean and hygienic pollution-free, and the products are clean and pollution-free.

4. It is not restricted by land.

Soilless cultivation is not limited by land and region, can be cultivated in almost any area, whether it is a desert area, or saline-alkali land, the balcony roof has also become a gathering place for gardening enthusiasts, soilless cultivation on the balcony, and landscaping the environment has increased the interest of life.

5. Realize mechanization and modernization, and low labor intensity.

Soilless cultivation does not need to be like traditional soil cultivation, frequent farming, land preparation, weeding and other work, and the irrigation facilities of nutrient solution can almost be automated, which greatly reduces labor intensity, reduces labor, and realizes modern agricultural mechanization.

6. High requirements for facilities and high cost.

Soilless cultivation usually requires certain facility support, and needs to be carried out under the protection of greenhouses, the initial investment is high, mainly used for scientific research and vegetable and flower planting with high economic value, as well as large-scale out-of-season vegetable planting.